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Class10 Math Master Formulas

This document is a comprehensive formula sheet for Class 10 Board Exam mathematics, covering key topics such as algebra, fractions, linear equations, and geometry. It includes essential algebraic identities, factorization techniques, laws of exponents, and formulas for various geometric shapes including triangles, squares, rectangles, and circles. The document serves as a quick reference guide for students to review important mathematical concepts and calculations.

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5 views3 pages

Class10 Math Master Formulas

This document is a comprehensive formula sheet for Class 10 Board Exam mathematics, covering key topics such as algebra, fractions, linear equations, and geometry. It includes essential algebraic identities, factorization techniques, laws of exponents, and formulas for various geometric shapes including triangles, squares, rectangles, and circles. The document serves as a quick reference guide for students to review important mathematical concepts and calculations.

Uploaded by

pixelpath4
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 10 Board Exam – Master Math Formula Sheet

Algebra • Fractions & Exponents • Linear Equations • Geometry

1. Algebraic Identities (True for all values of variables)

(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

(a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b²

a² − b² = (a − b)(a + b)

(a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³

(a − b)³ = a³ − 3a²b + 3ab² − b³

a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² − ab + b²)

a³ − b³ = (a − b)(a² + ab + b²)

2. Factorization (Writing expressions as product of factors)

Common factor: 6x + 12 = 6(x + 2)

Difference of squares: x² − 9 = (x − 3)(x + 3)

Splitting middle term example: x² + 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3)

3. Linear Equations

Definition: Equation where highest power of variable is 1

Standard form: ax + by + c = 0

Example: 2x + 3 = 7 → x = 2

4. Fractions

General form: a / b (a = numerator, b = denominator)

Addition: a/b + c/d = (ad + bc) / bd

Multiplication: (a/b) × (c/d) = ac / bd


Division: (a/b) ÷ (c/d) = (a/b) × (d/c)

5. Laws of Exponents

a^m × a^n = a^(m+n)

a^m / a^n = a^(m−n)

(a^m)^n = a^(mn)

a^0 = 1

a^(−n) = 1 / a^n

6. Triangle

Area = 1/2 × base × height

Perimeter = a + b + c

Heron's formula: s = (a + b + c)/2

Area = √[s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)]

7. Square

Perimeter = 4a

Area = a²

Diagonal = a√2

8. Rectangle

Perimeter = 2(l + b)

Area = l × b

Diagonal = √(l² + b²)

9. Parallelogram

Area = base × height


Perimeter = 2(a + b)

10. Rhombus

Area = 1/2 × d1 × d2

Perimeter = 4a

11. Trapezium

Area = 1/2 × (a + b) × h

12. Circle

Circumference = 2πr

Area = πr²

13. Sector of Circle

Area of sector = (θ/360) × πr²

Arc length = (θ/360) × 2πr

14. Cube

Volume = a³

Surface Area = 6a²

15. Cuboid

Volume = l × b × h

Surface Area = 2(lb + bh + hl)

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