Virtualization

&
Cloud Computing

Rajendar. K
 Agenda

What is Virtualization?
Features and Key benefits
Types
Virtualization tools
KVM
VMWare
Cloud Computing Overview
Types & Deployment models
Characteristics
Conclusion
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Virtualization
 Definition
Virtualization is the process of running a virtual instance of a computer system, in a layer
abstracted from the actual hardware.

Virtualization is a technology that allows

● to create multiple working environments.
● dedicated resources from a single, physical hardware system.

Source: [Link]
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[Link]
Real life examples - Virtualization

Effective Utilization of the Living Space

Multiple houses in an apartment

Single House

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Real life examples - Virtualization
Traditional Architecture is like every individual persons driving their own car to reach the
destination

Virtualization is like the Public Transportation Authority, where the physical host is a
suburban train and virtual machines are the passengers of this train

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 Virtualization (contd.)

Virtualization has ability to allow

● single physical resource serve as multiple virtual resources
● multiple physical resources function as a single virtual resource.

Traditional Architecture Virtual Architecture

Definition Source :[Link]

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Image Source: [Link]
Why Virtualization?

Near-complete resources Running Heterogeneous Manageability

utilization environments

Application Reduced power requirement Reduced

Isolation ownership cost

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Virtualization Impact on a DataCenter

Impact on a DataCenter

Less Heat Buildup Better Disaster Recovery

Reduced Cost Application Isolation

Faster Redeploy No Vendor Lock-in

Better Testing Environment Easier Migration to Cloud

Easier Backups /Snapshots Green Pastures

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Virtualization Key Features

Partitioning Encapsulation

Hardware Independent Isolation

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Virtualization Key Feature - Partitioning

Multiple VMs with either same or heterogenous OSs running on a single physical server.

Utilize the physical resources optimally.

Dynamic provisioning/deprovisioning of resources to the VM.
Clustering of VMs to provide High Availability.
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Virtualization Key Features - Encapsulation

VM Encapsulation means the entire VM is

managed as a file with OS, applications and data
within it.

VMs can be captured on the fly as periodic snapshots/clones and restores to point-in-
time.

Snapshots help in rapid system provisioning, backup and remote mirroring.

It also offers easy content distribution as pre-configured apps and virtual appliances
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Virtualization Key Features - Isolation

Mandate for a secure and reliable

environment.

Through hardware abstraction,

○ each VM is sufficiently separated
○ independent from the operations and activities of other VMs.

Faults in a VM are contained within it which ensures high levels of security and availability
of other VMs

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Virtualization Key Features - Hardware Independent

The VM once created can run

anywhere and can be
migrated from one host to the
other.

The underlying physical hardware layer is hidden by the virtualization layer and
hence it becomes hardware independent.

Run any heterogenous OS on any server without modification.

No Vendor lock-in.

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VIRTUALIZATION TYPES

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Types

Virtualization
Approaches

Para Full
OS Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Hybrid Virtualization

Hardware Assisted Software Assisted

Type -I Type -II Binary Translation

Native/Bare Metal Hosted/Client

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OS LEVEL VIRTUALIZATION

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OS Level Virtualization

Kernel creates multiple isolated instances called containers.

A Container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its
dependencies to run an application reliably in any computing environment

Tools include
● LXC* Containers
● Docker*
● Zones ( Solaris)
● Virtual Private Servers (
OpenVZ)
● Jails (chroot, FreeBSD)

*Trademarks/Logos are owned by their respective owners 23

OS Level Virtualization

Container is a lightweight, standalone,

executable package of software that
comprises of
● Code
● Runtime
● System tools
● System libraries
● Settings

They share the host’s OS kernel, supporting programs and libraries but isolated from the
host’s user mode environment

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PARAVIRTUALIZATION

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ParaVirtualization

Guest OS source code is modified to use only instructions that can be virtualized.(ie.
skip critical instructions)
It replaces non virtualizable instructions with hypercalls that communicate directly
with hypervisor
Guest OSs are aware within the system to share resources.
It abstracts the base architecture but does not simulate the hardware.
Hypercalls Operations

Modified Guest Kernel Hypervisor Hardware

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FULL VIRTUALIZATION

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Full Virtualization

The hardware abstraction is an exact replica of the physical hardware.

The VMM simulates hardware to allow an unmodified guest OS[Windows] to run in

isolation.
It provides each VM with all the services of the physical system
○ Virtual BIOS
○ Virtual devices
○ Virtualized memory management

Emulate
Guest Kernel Hypervisor Hardware
Trap

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HYBRID VIRTUALIZATION

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Hybrid Virtualization

Combination of both
● Para Virtualization for specific hardware drivers, I/O and memory-intense
workloads
● Full Virtualization by the the host for other features. .
eg) Remote Direct Memory Access(RDMA) that exchanges data in main memory
without involving CPU, OS uses paravirtual driver to bypass VM kernel

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VIRTUALIZATION MODELS

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Virtualization Techniques

Intel/AMD provides hardware assisted full virtualization that offers

● Processor virtualization
● Memory virtualization
● I/O virtualization

Intel and AMD offer

● An additional mode called privilege mode level to x86 processors.
● The VMM runs in a new root level mode below the OS kernel level.

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Virtualization Techniques

● For processor, Intel offers the VT-x or VT-i technique.

● For memory virtualization, Intel offers the Extended Page Table (EPT)
● For I/O virtualization, Intel offers
○ VT-d for I/O MMU virtualization
○ VT-c for Network Virtualization
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Processor Virtualization

Two modes of Operation

● Supervisor Mode
● Hypervisor Mode

Supervisor Mode
● Execution mode of all instructions including privileged instructions
● System calls - To perform specialized function from user mode to supervisor mode

Hypervisor Mode
● x86 virtualization instructions for a hypervisor to control Ring-0
● Intel VT-x and AMD-V creates a new Ring -1 to enable guest OS to run in Ring 0

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Memory Virtualization

To optimize virtual memory performance, all

modern x86 CPUs has a
● Memory management unit (MMU)
● Translation lookaside buffer (TLB)

Two stage mapping process between the

guest VM and VMM
● Virtual memory to Physical
memory
● Physical memory to Machine
memory
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 I/O Virtualization

In I/O virtualization, a virtual device is substituted equivalent for its physical devices,
● Network interface card (NIC)
● Host bus adapter (HBA).
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 I/O Virtualization

Isolation of PCI Express (PCIe) to one or more

physical/virtual PCIe devices called Virtual
Function Devices

PCI pass-through is the predecessor technology

to SR-IOV but the drawback is the physical
network adapter is completely dedicated to a
single VM guest

Benefits
1. Better Virtualization Network Manageability
2. Increase Virtual Machine Performance
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VIRTUALIZATION TYPES

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Virtualization Types – Based on Computing resources

Server Virtualization

Storage Virtualization

Desktop Virtualization

Application Virtualization

Virtualization
Network Virtualization

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VIRTUALIZATION TOOLS

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Virtualization Tools

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KVM

KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is an open source hypervisor technology for

virtualizing compute infrastructure running on multiple architectures (x86, PowerPC,ia64
(Itanium) compatible hardware.

Intel VT-x/AMD-v
Linux Kernel Module Full Virtualization
Extension

VMM Desktop QEMU

Virtio ParaVirtualization
Interface Libvirt API
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KVM

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KVM

KVM tap into QEMU’s emulation powers to compliment its own hardware acceleration
features, presenting its guests with an emulated chipset and PCI bus

KVM uses direct access to a kernel with CPU-

specific module (kym-intel or kvm-amd).

Two KVM kernel modules

● [Link] module
● [Link] or [Link]

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 QEMU + KVM + Libvirt

QEMU and libvirt is a powerful combination that interacts with KVM to provide a
virtualization stack that is secure, effective and fully functional

● A generic and open source machine emulator and

virtualizer.
● Provides hardware emulation and a low-level interface to
the VM.
● Each VM is a QEMU process

● Toolkit to manage Virtualization platform

● Exposes a consistent API
● APIs are consumed by client tools for provisioning
and managing VMs.

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QEMU + KVM + Libvirt

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KVM Key Features

● EPT support (server boost)

● KSM (Kernel Same Page Merging) - share memory with COW
● Disk image cloning, sharing, snapshot
● Ballooning
● Live migration with shared storage
● Nested full virtualization
● Virtio paravirtualization
● PCI-passthrough VT-D/IOMMU support

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KVM Networking Modes

Isolated
The guests are connected to a network that does not allow any
traffic beyond the virtualization host

Routing
The guests are connected to a network that routes traffic
between the guest and external hosts without performing any
NAT

Bridged
The guests are connected to a bridge device that is also
connected directly to a physical ethernet device
connected to the local ethernet
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KVM Libvirt Client Tools

● virsh
○ Command-line tools for communicating with libvirt
● virt-manager
○ GUI to manage KVM, qemu/kvm, xen, and lxc.
○ Contains a VNC and SPICE client for direct graphical access to VMs.
○ GUI alternative to virsh, albeit less capable.
● virt-install
○ Helper tools for creating new VM guests.
○ Part of the virt-manager project.
● virt-viewer
○ UI for interacting with VMs via VNC/SPICE.
○ Part of the virt-manager project.
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KVM Installation - Virt-manager

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KVM Installation - Virt-manager

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KVM Installation - Virt-manager

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KVM VM creation using virt-install

Create a VM using virsh CLI

$ virt-install --name ubuntu --ram 2048 --disk \

path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/u19.qcow2, size=8 --vcpus 2 \ --os-type linux --os-variant
generic --console pty, \ target_type=serial --cdrom \ /var/lib/libvirt/isos/ubuntu-18.04.4-
[Link]

Clone the VM
$ virt-clone --original ubuntu --name cloned-ubuntu \
--file /var/lib/libvirt/images/cu.qcow2

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VMWARE

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 VMware
VMware

● VMware, Inc. is an American cloud computing and virtualization technology company

with headquarters in California.
● VMware was the first commercially successful company to virtualize the x86
architecture.
● In the late 1960s and early 1970s, VMware revisited the virtual machines that IBM
pioneered for mainframe systems
● VMware changed the model of using proprietary OS for VMs in mainframe systems by
enabling virtualization without requiring changes to industry-standard processors or
operating systems.

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 VMware Products
VMware

Desktop Virtualization software

● VMware Workstation
● VMware Fusion
● VMware Workstation Player

Server Virtualization Software

● VMware ESXi - bare metal virtualization
● VMware vCenter

Storage Virtualization Software

● VMware vSAN - is software-defined storage that is embedded in VMware's ESXi
hypervisor
● VMware Site Recovery Manager(SRM) for DR
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VMware Products
VMware

Cloud Management software

● VMware vRealize Suite - Hybrid Cloud Management Platform
● VMware GO - web based deployment service
● VMware Cloud Foundation - To deploy and operate a private cloud on an integrated
SDDC system.
● VMware Horizon - Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)

vRealize Suite
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VMware vSphere Components

VMware vSphere is a term that encompasses the core virtualization solutions

Core Components of vSphere

● ESXi hypervisor
● vCenter Server
● vSphere Client

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VMware vSphere Components
e

ESXi hypervisor
Type 1 bare metal hypervisor to manage host servers and run multiple guest VMs

vCenter Server
Management platform that enables the datacenter features, including
ESXi clustering, vMotion, etc

vSphere Client
HTML5 driven management interface for managing, monitoring, and configuring
vSphere and its associated plugins

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Q &A

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