Ambo University
Java Networks
Sockets
Inter Connection of computers is called a network. In a network, there may be several
computers, some of them receiving the services and some of them providing the
services to others. The computer which receives service is called a client and the
computer which provides the service is called a server. Remember a client sometimes
acts as a server and a server acts as a client. There are 3 requirements to establish a
network:
Hardware: includes the computers, cables, modems, hubs etc.
Software: includes programs to communicate between servers and clients.
Protocol: set of rules and regulations that represents a way to establish connection
and helps in sending and receiving data in a standard format. Popular protocol
suit is TCP/IP. TCP is connection oriented and IP connection less potocols.
e.g HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP, UDP etc.
IP address: An IP address is a unique identification number alloted to every
computer on a network or internet. IP address contains some bytes which
identify the network and the actual computer inside the network.
DNS: Domain Naming Service is a service on internet that maps the IP
addresses with corresponding website names.
Socket Programming: is a low level way to establish connection between
server and a client with the help of a Socket
Data will be sent or received through the Socket.
Socket at server side is called Server Socket.
Socket at client side is called Client Socket.
The id number alloted to a Socket is called port number.
Introduction to OOPs Compiled by Shemsu S 1
Ambo University
When a new socket is created a new port number is alloted.
When the service on the socket is changed we should change the port
number.
A Socket is a point of connection between a server and client.
Server Socket is created using ServerSocket class.
Client Socket is created using Socket class.
ServerSocket and Socket classes are available in [Link] package.
Program 1: Write a program to create a server for sending some strings to the
client.
//A server that sends message to client
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
Introduction to OOPs Compiled by Shemsu S 2
Ambo University
[Link] ();
[Link] ();
}
}
Applets and Java Web Start
An applet is a program that comes from server into a client and gets executed at
client side and displays the result. An applet represents byte code embedded in
a html page. (applet = bytecode+ html) and run with the help of Java enabled
browsers such as Internet Explorer. An applet is a Java program that runs in a
browser. Unlike Java applications applets do not have a main () method. To
create applet we can use [Link] or [Link] class. All
applets inherit the super class ‘Applet’. An Applet class contains several
methods that helps to control the execution of an applet.
Advantages:
Applets provide dynamic nature for a webpage.
Applets are used in developing games and animations
Creating an applet:
Let the Applet class extends Applet or JApplet class.
Overide the following methods of Applet class.
Introduction to OOPs Compiled by Shemsu S 3
Ambo University
public void init (): This method is used for initializing variables,
parameters to create components. This method is executed only once at the
time of applet loaded into memory.
public void start (): After init() method is executed, the start method is
executed automatically. Start method is executed as long as applet gains
focus. In this method code related to opening files and connecting to
database and retrieving the data and processing the data is written.
public void stop (): This mehtod is executed when the applet loses focus.
Code related to closing the files and database, stopping threads and
performing clean up operations are written in this stop method.
public void destroy (): This method is exexuted only once when the applet
is terminated from the memory. Executing above methods in that sequence
is called applet life cycle. We can also use public void paint (Graphics g) in
applets. After writing an applet, an applet is compiled in the same way as
Java application but running of an applet is different. There are two ways to
run an applet.
Executing an applet within a Java compatible web browser.
Executing an applet using ‘appletviewer’. This executes the applet in a
window.
Introduction to OOPs Compiled by Shemsu S 4
Ambo University
Introduction to OOPs Compiled by Shemsu S 5