Page 1 – Introduction to Networking
• Networking means connecting multiple devices together.
• Devices communicate to share data and resources.
• Examples include the Internet, office networks, and home Wi■Fi.
• Networking is the foundation of cloud computing.
Page 2 – Why Networking is Important
• Enables communication between devices.
• Allows sharing of files and resources.
• Supports internet connectivity.
• Essential for cloud computing and DevOps.
Page 3 – Types of Networks
• LAN – Local Area Network
• WAN – Wide Area Network
• MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
• PAN – Personal Area Network
Page 4 – LAN
• LAN stands for Local Area Network.
• Used in small geographic areas like homes, schools, or offices.
• Provides high-speed communication.
Page 5 – WAN
• WAN stands for Wide Area Network.
• Covers large geographic areas.
• The Internet is the largest WAN.
Page 6 – Network Devices
• Router
• Switch
• Hub
• Modem
• Firewall
Page 7 – Router
• Connects different networks.
• Directs data packets between networks.
• Works using IP addresses.
Page 8 – Switch
• Connects devices inside a LAN.
• Uses MAC addresses to forward data.
• More efficient than a hub.
Page 9 – Hub
• Basic networking device.
• Broadcasts data to all connected devices.
• Less efficient compared to a switch.
Page 10 – Modem
• Converts digital signals to analog signals.
• Connects your network to the Internet Service Provider.
Page 11 – IP Address
• Unique identifier for devices in a network.
• Example: [Link]
Page 12 – Types of IP Address
• IPv4
• IPv6
Page 13 – IPv4
• 32■bit address format.
• Written as four numbers separated by dots.
Page 14 – IPv6
• 128■bit address format.
• Created to replace IPv4 due to address shortage.
Page 15 – Public IP
• Accessible over the Internet.
• Assigned by Internet Service Providers.
Page 16 – Private IP
• Used inside private networks.
• Examples include 192.168.x.x and 10.x.x.x.
Page 17 – MAC Address
• Unique hardware identifier.
• Assigned to network interface cards.
Page 18 – DNS
• Domain Name System converts domain names to IP addresses.
• Example: [Link] → IP address.
Page 19 – DNS Process
• User enters website name.
• DNS server finds the IP address.
• Browser connects to the server.
Page 20 – Ports
• Logical communication endpoints.
• Allow multiple services on one server.
Page 21 – Protocol
• Rules that define communication between devices.
• Examples include HTTP, FTP, TCP, UDP.
Page 22 – HTTP
• HyperText Transfer Protocol.
• Used for transferring web pages.
Page 23 – HTTPS
• Secure version of HTTP.
• Uses SSL/TLS encryption.
Page 24 – FTP
• File Transfer Protocol.
• Used to transfer files between systems.
Page 25 – SMTP
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
• Used to send email messages.
Page 26 – POP3
• Post Office Protocol version 3.
• Used to receive emails.
Page 27 – IMAP
• Internet Message Access Protocol.
• Allows accessing email from multiple devices.
Page 28 – TCP
• Transmission Control Protocol.
• Reliable and connection■oriented communication.
Page 29 – UDP
• User Datagram Protocol.
• Fast but unreliable communication.
Page 30 – TCP vs UDP
• TCP ensures delivery and reliability.
• UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery.
Page 31 – OSI Model
• Seven-layer conceptual model for networking.
Page 32 – Physical Layer
• Deals with cables, signals, and hardware.
Page 33 – Data Link Layer
• Handles MAC addressing and error detection.
Page 34 – Network Layer
• Responsible for routing and IP addressing.
Page 35 – Transport Layer
• Ensures reliable data transfer.
Page 36 – Session Layer
• Manages sessions between applications.
Page 37 – Presentation Layer
• Handles data formatting and encryption.
Page 38 – Application Layer
• Closest layer to the end user.
Page 39 – TCP/IP Model
• Consists of Application, Transport, Internet, and Network layers.
Page 40 – Subnet
• Dividing a large network into smaller networks.
Page 41 – Subnet Mask
• Used to identify network and host portions of an IP address.
Page 42 – Gateway
• Entry point to another network.
Page 43 – NAT
• Network Address Translation converts private IP to public IP.
Page 44 – Firewall
• Security system that filters network traffic.
Page 45 – Load Balancer
• Distributes traffic across multiple servers.
Page 46 – VPN
• Virtual Private Network creates secure connections over the Internet.
Page 47 – Bandwidth
• Maximum data transfer capacity.
Page 48 – Latency
• Delay in data transmission.
Page 49 – Packet
• Small unit of data transmitted across networks.
Page 50 – Networking in DevOps
• Networking is essential for cloud infrastructure, Kubernetes, and CI/CD pipelines.