1. Which of the following is a striated muscle? Choose the correct option.
A) Cardiac and skeletal muscle C) Cardiac muscle
B) Skeletal muscle D) Smooth muscle
Ans: A
Difficulty: Easy
2. Which of the following is a flexor of the elbow joint? Choose the correct option.
A) Brachialis
B) Biceps brachii
C) Coracobrachialis
D) Brachialis, biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis
Ans: D
Difficulty: Moderate
3. Which muscles are specialized for the movement of the trunk? Choose the correct
option.
A) Distal muscles B) Proximal muscles C) Smooth muscles D) Axial muscles
Ans: D
Difficulty: Easy
4. Why are lower motor neurons called the “final common pathway” for behavior control?
Choose the correct option.
A) They are the output of the motor system
B) They are the input of the motor system
C) They integrate the sensory and motor information
D) They constitute the largest of the four main output pathways of the motor system
Ans: A
Difficulty: Difficult
5. Which muscles are innervated by the motor neurons, situated in the cervical
enlargement of the spinal cord? Choose the correct option.
A) Arm muscles B) Thorax C) Leg muscles D) Head and neck
Ans: A
Difficulty: Moderate
6. What is sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)? Choose the correct option.
A) Excitable cell membrane that encloses the muscle fiber
B) Extensive intracellular sac containing calcium ions
C) System of tubules that bring the action potential deep inside the muscle fiber
D) Voltage-sensitive channels
Ans: B
Difficulty: Moderate
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7. Which is the first step in the contraction phase of the excitation-contraction coupling?
Choose the correct option.
A) Action potential occurs at the neuromuscular junction
B) Ca2+ binds to troponin
C) Nicotinic receptor channels in the sarcolemma open
D) Myosin heads pivot
Ans: B
Difficulty: Moderate
8. Why does neuromuscular transmission fail in myasthenia gravis? Choose the correct
option.
A) Autoantibodies interfere with the synthesis of acetyl choline
B) Autoantibodies interfere with the function of nicotinic ACh receptors at the
neuromuscular junction
C) Autoantibodies interfere with the amount of acetylcholine esterase at the
neuromuscular junction
D) Autoantibodies interfere with the release of synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular
junction
Ans: B
Difficulty: Difficult
9. What type of motor neurons ensures that the spindle continues to provide information
about muscle length during muscle contraction? Choose the correct option.
A) Upper motor neurons C) Gamma motor neurons
B) Spinal interneurons D) Alpha motor neurons
Ans: C
Difficulty: Moderate
10. Which reflex prevents you from falling when you suddenly lift your foot off the ground
in response to pain? Choose the correct option.
A) Myotatic reflex C) Knee jerk reflex
B) Reverse myotatic reflex D) Crossed-extensor reflex
Ans: D
Difficulty: Easy
11. What happens to the sarcolemma in the relaxation phase of the excitation-contraction
coupling? Choose the correct option.
A) Returns to resting potential C) Channels in sarcolemma open
B) Sarcolemma depolarizes D) Action potential sweeps down
Ans: A
Difficulty: Easy
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12. Which of the following describes the function and location of Golgi tendon organs?
Choose the correct answer.
A) Monitor muscle length, situated in series with muscle fibers
B) Monitor muscle length, situated in parallel with muscle fibers
C) Monitor muscle tension, situated in series with muscle fibers
D) Monitor muscle tension, situated in parallel with muscle fibers
Ans: C
Difficulty: Easy
13. What is reciprocal inhibition? Choose the correct option.
A) The contraction of one set of muscles is accompanied by the contraction of the
same muscles on the opposite side of the body
B) The contraction of one set of muscles is accompanied by the relaxation of the
antagonist muscles
C) Spinal interneurons have recurrent collaterals enabling them to synapse on
themselves, thereby turning off their own inhibition
D) Spinal interneurons integrate inhibitor input from both sides of the body
Ans: B
Difficulty: Easy
14. What are central pattern generators? Choose the correct option.
A) Motor programs established in upper motor neurons to control walking
B) The motor units for a given muscle
C) Spinal circuits that give rise to rhythmic motor activity
D) An artifact of spinal circuitry
Ans: C
Difficulty: Moderate
15. An alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers innervated by it make up the
elementary component of motor control called the motor unit.
Ans: True
Difficulty: Easy
16. Grillner and his colleagues showed that the activation of NMDA receptors on a spinal
interneuron is sufficient to generate locomotor activity in lamprey spinal cord.
Ans: True
Difficulty: Difficult
17. Dorsal root ganglion cells are the largest source of input to the alpha motor neurons.
Ans: False
Difficulty: Moderate
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18. Name two ways in which the CNS grades muscle contraction ______ _________
____________ and ___________ ___________ ________.
Ans: Action potential frequency, recruiting additional neurons
Difficulty: Easy
19. The collection of alpha motor neurons that innervate a single muscle is called a ______
______ ___________.
Ans: Motor neuron pool
Difficulty: Easy
20. Name three major sources of synaptic input to motor neurons: ________ _________
________, ___________________, and ____________ ________.
Ans: Upper motor neurons in the brain, interneurons, muscle spindles
Difficulty: Easy
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