PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET

PYTHON PROGRAMMING
[R17A0554]
LECTURE NOTES
[Link] III YEAR – II SEM (R17)
(2019-20)

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)
Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015
Certified)

Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Hakimpet), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India
PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET

SYLLABUS
MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III Year B. Tech CSE -II SEM L T/P/D C

3 -/-/- 3
OPEN ELECTIVE III
(R17A0554) PYTHON PROGRAMMING
OBJECTIVES:
 To read and write simple Python programs.
 To develop Python programs with conditionals and loops.
 To define Python functions and call them.
 To use Python data structures –- lists, tuples, dictionaries.
 To do input/output with files in Python.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION DATA, EXPRESSIONS, STATEMENTS
Introduction to Python and installation, data types: Int, float, Boolean, string, and list; variables,
expressions, statements, precedence of operators, comments; modules, functions--- function and its
use, flow of execution, parameters and arguments.

UNIT II
CONTROL FLOW, LOOPS
Conditionals: Boolean values and operators, conditional (if), alternative (if-else), chained conditional
(if-elif-else); Iteration: while, for, break, continue.

UNIT III
FUNCTIONS, ARRAYS
Fruitful functions: return values, parameters, local and global scope, function composition,
recursion; Strings: string slices, immutability, string functions and methods, string module; Python
arrays, Access the Elements of an Array, array methods.

UNIT IV
LISTS, TUPLES, DICTIONARIES
Lists: list operations, list slices, list methods, list loop, mutability, aliasing, cloning lists, list
parameters, list comprehension; Tuples: tuple assignment, tuple as return value, tuple comprehension;
Dictionaries: operations and methods, comprehension;

UNIT V
FILES, EXCEPTIONS, MODULES, PACKAGES
Files and exception: text files, reading and writing files, command line arguments, errors and
exceptions, handling exceptions, modules (datetime, time, OS , calendar, math module), Explore
packages.
PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the course, students will be able to
 Read, write, execute by hand simple Python programs.
 Structure simple Python programs for solving problems.
 Decompose a Python program into functions.
 Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
 Read and write data from/to files in Python Programs

TEXT BOOKS
[Link] B. Downey, ``Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist‘‘, 2nd edition,
Updated for Python 3, Shroff/O‘Reilly Publishers, 2016.
2.R. Nageswara Rao, “Core Python Programming”, dreamtech
3. Python Programming: A Modern Approach, Vamsi Kurama, Pearson

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Core Python Programming, [Link], Pearson.
2. Introduction to Python, Kenneth A. Lambert, Cengage
3. Learning Python, Mark Lutz, Orielly
PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET

INDEX
UNIT TOPIC PAGE NO
INTRODUCTION DATA,
EXPRESSIONS, STATEMENTS
1
Introduction to Python and installation 1
data types: Int 6
float 7
Boolean 8
string 8
List 10
I variables 11
expressions 13
statements 16
precedence of operators 17
comments 18
modules 19
functions ---- function and its use 20
flow of execution 21
parameters and arguments 26
CONTROL FLOW, LOOPS 35
Conditionals: Boolean values and 35
operators,
II conditional (if) 36
alternative (if-else) 37
chained conditional (if-elif-else) 39
Iteration: while, for, break, continue. 41
FUNCTIONS, ARRAYS 55
Fruitful functions: return values 55
parameters 57
local and global scope 59
function composition 62
III recursion 63
Strings: string slices 64
immutability 66
string functions and methods 67
string module 72
Python arrays 73
Access the Elements of an Array 75
Array methods 76
PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
LISTS, TUPLES, DICTIONARIES 78
Lists 78
list operations 79
list slices 80
list methods 81
list loop 83
mutability 85
aliasing 87
IV cloning lists 88
list parameters 89
list comprehension 90
Tuples 91
tuple assignment 94
tuple as return value 95
tuple comprehension 96
Dictionaries 97
operations and methods 97
comprehension 102
V FILES, EXCEPTIONS, 103
MODULES, PACKAGES
Files and exception: text files 103
reading and writing files 104
command line arguments 109
errors and exceptions 112
handling exceptions 114
modules (datetime, time, OS , calendar, 121
math module)
Explore packages 134
PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
UNIT – I

INTRODUCTION DATA, EXPRESSIONS, STATEMENTS

Introduction to Python and installation, data types: Int, float, Boolean, string, and list;
variables, expressions, statements, precedence of operators, comments; modules, functions--
- function and its use, flow of execution, parameters and arguments.

Introduction to Python and installation:

Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language. It was initially
designed by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and developed by Python Software Foundation. It
was mainly developed for emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows programmers
to express concepts in fewer lines of code.
Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more
efficiently.
There are two major Python versions- Python 2 and Python 3.

• On 16 October 2000, Python 2.0 was released with many new features.
• On 3rd December 2008, Python 3.0 was released with more testing and includes new
features.

Beginning with Python programming:

1) Finding an Interpreter:
Before we start Python programming, we need to have an interpreter to interpret and run our
programs. There are certain online interpreters like [Link]
[Link] or [Link] that can be used to start Python without installing
an interpreter.
Windows: There are many interpreters available freely to run Python scripts like IDLE
(Integrated Development Environment) which is installed when you install the python
software from [Link]

2) Writing first program:

# Script Begins

Statement1

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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
Statement2

Statement3

# Script Ends

Differences between scripting language and programming language:

Why to use Python:

The following are the primary factors to use python in day-to-day life:

1. Python is object-oriented
Structure supports such concepts as polymorphism, operation overloading and
multiple inheritance.
2. Indentation
Indentation is one of the greatest feature in python
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
3. It’s free (open source)
Downloading python and installing python is free and easy
4. It’s Powerful
 Dynamic typing
 Built-in types and tools
 Library utilities
 Third party utilities (e.g. Numeric, NumPy, sciPy)
 Automatic memory management
5. It’s Portable
 Python runs virtually every major platform used today
 As long as you have a compaitable python interpreter installed, python
programs will run in exactly the same manner, irrespective of platform.
6. It’s easy to use and learn
 No intermediate compile
 Python Programs are compiled automatically to an intermediate form called
byte code, which the interpreter then reads.
 This gives python the development speed of an interpreter without the
performance loss inherent in purely interpreted languages.
 Structure and syntax are pretty intuitive and easy to grasp.
7. Interpreted Language
Python is processed at runtime by python Interpreter
8. Interactive Programming Language
Users can interact with the python interpreter directly for writing the programs
9. Straight forward syntax
The formation of python syntax is simple and straight forward which also makes it
popular.

Installation:

There are many interpreters available freely to run Python scripts like IDLE (Integrated
Development Environment) which is installed when you install the python software
from [Link]
Steps to be followed and remembered:
Step 1: Select Version of Python to Install.
Step 2: Download Python Executable Installer.
Step 3: Run Executable Installer.
Step 4: Verify Python Was Installed On Windows.
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
Step 5: Verify Pip Was Installed.
Step 6: Add Python Path to Environment Variables (Optional)

Working with Python

Python Code Execution:

Python’s traditional runtime execution model: Source code you type is translated to byte
code, which is then run by the Python Virtual Machine (PVM). Your code is automatically
compiled, but then it is interpreted.

Source Byte code Runtime

PVM
[Link] [Link]

Source code extension is .py

Byte code extension is .pyc (Compiled python code)

There are two modes for using the Python interpreter:

• Interactive Mode
• Script Mode

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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET

Running Python in interactive mode:

Without passing python script file to the interpreter, directly execute code to Python prompt.
Once you’re inside the python interpreter, then you can start.

>>> print("hello world")

hello world

# Relevant output is displayed on subsequent lines without the >>> symbol

>>> x=[0,1,2]

# Quantities stored in memory are not displayed by default.

>>> x

#If a quantity is stored in memory, typing its name will display it.

[0, 1, 2]

>>> 2+3

The chevron at the beginning of the 1st line, i.e., the symbol >>> is a prompt the python
interpreter uses to indicate that it is ready. If the programmer types 2+6, the interpreter
replies 8.

Running Python in script mode: