PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
Output:
B and A are friends
#Default Arguments
Function arguments can have default values in Python.
We can provide a default value to an argument by using the assignment operator (=)
def hello(wish,name='you'):
return '{},{}'.format(wish,name)
print(hello("good morning"))
Output:
good morning,you
---------------------------------------------
def hello(wish,name='you'):
return '{},{}'.format(wish,name) //print(wish + ‘ ‘ + name)
print(hello("good morning","nirosha")) // hello("good morning","nirosha")
Output:
good morning,nirosha // good morning nirosha
Note: Any number of arguments in a function can have a default value. But once we have a
default argument, all the arguments to its right must also have default values.
This means to say, non-default arguments cannot follow default arguments. For example, if
we had defined the function header above as:
def hello(name='you', wish):
Syntax Error: non-default argument follows default argument
------------------------------------------
def sum(a=4, b=2): #2 is supplied as default argument
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
""" This function will print sum of two numbers
if the arguments are not supplied
it will add the default value """
print (a+b)
sum(1,2) #calling with arguments
sum( ) #calling without arguments
Output:
Variable-length arguments
Sometimes you may need more arguments to process function then you mentioned in the
definition. If we don’t know in advance about the arguments needed in function, we can use
variable-length arguments also called arbitrary arguments.
For this an asterisk (*) is placed before a parameter in function definition which can hold
non-keyworded variable-length arguments and a double asterisk (**) is placed before a
parameter in function which can hold keyworded variable-length arguments.
If we use one asterisk (*) like *var, then all the positional arguments from that point till the
end are collected as a tuple called ‘var’ and if we use two asterisks (**) before a variable like
**var, then all the positional arguments from that point till the end are collected as
a dictionary called ‘var’.
def wish(*names):
"""This function greets all
the person in the names tuple."""
# names is a tuple with arguments
for name in names:
print("Hello",name)
wish("MRCET","CSE","SIR","MADAM")
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
Output:
Hello MRCET
Hello CSE
Hello SIR
Hello MADAM
#Program to find area of a circle using function use single return value function with
argument.
pi=3.14
def areaOfCircle(r):
return pi*r*r
r=int(input("Enter radius of circle"))
print(areaOfCircle(r))
Output:
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
Enter radius of circle 3
28.259999999999998
#Program to write sum different product and using arguments with return value
function.
def calculete(a,b):
total=a+b
diff=a-b
prod=a*b
div=a/b
mod=a%b
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
return total,diff,prod,div,mod
a=int(input("Enter a value"))
b=int(input("Enter b value"))
#function call
s,d,p,q,m = calculete(a,b)
print("Sum= ",s,"diff= ",d,"mul= ",p,"div= ",q,"mod= ",m)
#print("diff= ",d)
#print("mul= ",p)
#print("div= ",q)
#print("mod= ",m)
Output:
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
Enter a value 5
Enter b value 6
Sum= 11 diff= -1 mul= 30 div= 0.8333333333333334 mod= 5
#program to find biggest of two numbers using functions.
def biggest(a,b):
if a>b :
return a
else :
return b
a=int(input("Enter a value"))
b=int(input("Enter b value"))
#function call
big= biggest(a,b)
print("big number= ",big)
Output:
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
Enter a value 5
Enter b value-2
big number= 5
#program to find biggest of two numbers using functions. (nested if)
def biggest(a,b,c):
if a>b :
if a>c :
return a
else :
return c
else :
if b>c :
return b
else :
return c
a=int(input("Enter a value"))
b=int(input("Enter b value"))
c=int(input("Enter c value"))
#function call
big= biggest(a,b,c)
print("big number= ",big)
Output:
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
Enter a value 5
Enter b value -6
Enter c value 7
big number= 7
#Writer a program to read one subject mark and print pass or fail use single return
values function with argument.
def result(a):
if a>40:
return "pass"
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
else:
return "fail"
a=int(input("Enter one subject marks"))
print(result(a))
Output:
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
Enter one subject marks 35
fail
#Write a program to display mrecet cse dept 10 times on the screen. (while loop)
def usingFunctions():
count =0
while count<10:
print("mrcet cse dept",count)
count=count+1
usingFunctions()
Output:
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
mrcet cse dept 0
mrcet cse dept 1
mrcet cse dept 2
mrcet cse dept 3
mrcet cse dept 4
mrcet cse dept 5
mrcet cse dept 6
mrcet cse dept 7
mrcet cse dept 8
mrcet cse dept 9
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
UNIT – II
CONTROL FLOW, LOOPS
Conditionals: Boolean values and operators, conditional (if), alternative (if-else), chained
conditional (if-elif-else); Iteration: while, for, break, continue.
Control Flow, Loops:
Boolean Values and Operators:
A boolean expression is an expression that is either true or false. The following examples
use the operator ==, which compares two operands and produces True if they are equal and
False otherwise:
>>> 5 == 5
True
>>> 5 == 6
False
True and False are special values that belong to the type bool; they are not strings:
>>> type(True)
<class 'bool'>
>>> type(False)
<class 'bool'>
The == operator is one of the relational operators; the others are: x != y # x is not equal to y
x > y # x is greater than y x < y # x is less than y
x >= y # x is greater than or equal to y x <= y # x is less than or equal to y
Note:
All expressions involving relational and logical operators will evaluate to either true or false
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
Conditional (if):
The if statement contains a logical expression using which data is compared and a decision
is made based on the result of the comparison.
Syntax:
if expression:
statement(s)
If the boolean expression evaluates to TRUE, then the block of statement(s) inside the if
statement is executed. If boolean expression evaluates to FALSE, then the first set of
code after the end of the if statement(s) is executed.
if Statement Flowchart:
Fig: Operation of if statement
Example: Python if Statement
a=3
if a > 2:
print(a, "is greater")
print("done")
a = -1
if a < 0:
print(a, "a is smaller")
print("Finish")
Output:
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
3 is greater
done
-1 a is smaller
Finish
--------------------------------
a=10
if a>9:
print("A is Greater than 9")
Output:
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
A is Greater than 9
Alternative if (If-Else):
An else statement can be combined with an if statement. An else statement contains the
block of code (false block) that executes if the conditional expression in the if statement
resolves to 0 or a FALSE value.
The else statement is an optional statement and there could be at most only one else
Statement following if.
Syntax of if - else :
if test expression:
Body of if stmts
else:
Body of else stmts
If - else Flowchart :
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
Fig: Operation of if – else statement
Example of if - else:
a=int(input('enter the number'))
if a>5:
print("a is greater")
else:
print("a is smaller than the input given")
Output:
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
enter the number 2
a is smaller than the input given
----------------------------------------
a=10
b=20
if a>b:
print("A is Greater than B")
else:
print("B is Greater than A")
Output:
C:/Users/MRCET/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38-32/pyyy/[Link]
B is Greater than A
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING III YEAR/II SEM MRCET
Chained Conditional: (If-elif-else):
The elif statement allows us to check multiple expressions for TRUE and execute a
block of code as soon as one of the conditions evaluates to TRUE. Similar to the else,
the elif statement is optional. However, unlike else, for which there can be at most one
statement, there can be an arbitrary number of elif statements following an if.
Syntax of if – elif - else :
If test expression:
Body of if stmts
elif test expression:
Body of elif stmts
else:
Body of else stmts
Flowchart of if – elif - else:
Fig: Operation of if – elif - else statement
Example of if - elif – else:
a=int(input('enter the number'))
b=int(input('enter the number'))
c=int(input('enter the number'))
if a>b:
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