Review Material
on
Normal Distribution
Understanding Normal Curve Distribution
z = 1.25 → 0.3944
Normal Probability Distribution or simply the normal curve that
Area = 0.5 - 0.3944
is also known as Gaussian distribution is a probability distribution of
Area = 0.1056
continuous random variables.
3. At most z = -0.40
Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution
Illustration:
The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
The curve is symmetrical about its center.
The mean, the median and the mode coincide at the center.
The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of
the distribution.
z = -0.40 → 0.1554
The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the horizontal
Area = 0.5 - 0.1554
axis, always approaching the axis but never touching it. That is, the
Area = 0.3446
curve is asymptotic to the base line.
The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it represents the probability or
4. At least z = -0.40
proportion or the percentage associated with specific sets of
Illustration:
measurement values.
The Standard Normal Curve
A standard normal curve is a normal probability distribution that has
a mean equals 0 and a standard deviation equals 1.
z = -0.40 → 0.1554
Area = 0.5 + 0.1554
Areas under the Standard Normal Distribution
Area = 0.6554
5. Between z = -0.40 and z = 1.25
Illustration:
z = -0.40 → 0.1554
z = 1.25 → 0.3944
Area = 0.1554 + 0.3944
Identifying Regions of Areas Under the Normal Curve Area = 0.5498
Determine the areas of the following: Understanding the z – Scores
1. To the left of z = 1.25
Illustration: Formula in computing z-score:
𝑿−𝝁
z-score for population data: 𝒛 =
𝝈
𝑿−𝑿
z-score for sample data: 𝒛 =
𝒔
Examples:
1. Given the mean, μ = 50, and the standard deviation, σ = 4 of a population
z = 1.25 → 0.3944 of Reading scores. Find the z-value that corresponds to a score X = 56.
Area = 0.5 + 0.3944 Solution:
Area = 0.8944 Given: μ = 50 σ=4 X = 56
𝑿−𝝁 𝟓𝟔−𝟓𝟎 𝟔
𝒛= = = = 𝟏. 𝟓
𝝈 𝟒 𝟒
2. To the right of z = 1.25
Illustration:
2. Locate the z-value that corresponds to a P.E. score X = 39, given that μ =
45 and σ = 6.
Solution:
Given: μ = 45 σ=6 X = 53
𝑿−𝝁 𝟓𝟑−𝟒𝟓 𝟖
𝒛= = = = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑
𝝈 𝟔 𝟔
Prepared by: DINA JEAN D. SOMBRIO, MST-Math (CAR)
Subject Teacher
4. The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mathematics are normally
3. Given X = 20, X = 26 and s = 4. Compute the corresponding z-score. distributed with 𝜇 = 80 and 𝑠 = 15. Find the raw score such that 70% of the
Solution: case are below it.
Given: X = 26 s=4 X = 20
𝒛=
𝑿−𝑿
=
𝟐𝟎−𝟐𝟔
=
−𝟔
= −𝟏. 𝟓 Solution:
𝒔 𝟒 𝟒
Step 1. Transform the percentage into its decimal form.
70%=0.70
Locating Percentiles Under the Normal Curve
Step 2. Split 0.70 into two such that one is 0.5.
A percentile is a measure of relative standing. It is a descriptive
0.70=0.5+0.2000
measure of the relationship of a measurement to the rest of the data. A
percentile is a point in the distribution such that a given number of cases is
Step 3. Determine the nearest area to the area 0.2000
below it.
0.2000 ≈ 0.1985
Examples:
1. Find the z = score corresponding to the 90th percentile of a normal curve. Step 4. Determine the corresponding z-score of the area 0.1985.
Solution: 0.1985 → z = 0.52
Step 1: Transform the percentile rank into its decimal form.
90th = 90% = 0.90 Step 5. Find the computing formula for determining raw scores.
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
Step 2: Split 0.90 into two such that one is 0.5. 𝜎
0.90 = 0.5 + 0.4
Step 6. Modify the formula to solve for X.
Step 3: Determine the nearest area to the area 0.4000. 𝑋 = 𝜇 + 𝑧𝜎
0.4000 ≈ 0.3997
Step 7. Substitute the given values in modified formula to solve for X.
Step 4: Determine the corresponding z-score of the area 0.3997.
𝑋 = 𝜇 + 𝑧𝜎
0.3997 → z = 1.28
𝑋 = 80 + (0.52)(15)
𝑋 = 80 + 7.8
Answer: z = 1.28
𝑋 = 87.8 ≈ 88
Answer. 88
2. Find the z-score such that above it is 15% of the normal curve.
Step 1: Transform the percentage into its decimal form.
15% = 0.15
Step 2: Subtract 0.15 from 1 (100% of the total area)
1 – 0.15 = 0.85
Step 3: Split 0.85 into two such that one is 0.5.
0.85 = 0.5 + 0.35
Step 3: Determine the nearest area to the area 0.3500.
0.3500 ≈ 0.3508
Step 4: Determine the corresponding z-score of the area 0.3508.
0.3508 → z = 1.04
Answer: z = 1.04
3. The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mathematics are normally
distributed with 𝜇 = 80 and 𝜎 = 15. What is the percentile rank of a score of
85?
Step 1: Find the z = score corresponding to the score 85.
Given: 𝜇 = 80 𝜎 = 15 x = 85
𝑋−𝜇 85−80 5
𝑧= = = = 0.33
𝜎 15 15
Step 2: Determine the corresponding area of the z = score 0.33.
0.33 → 0.1293
Step 3: Add the area 0.1293 to the area 0.5.
0.1293 + 0.5 = 0.6293
Answer: 62.93% or 62.93rd percentile
Prepared by: DINA JEAN D. SOMBRIO, MST-Math (CAR)
Subject Teacher