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BRAE 422: Equipment Engineering: Discussion 20: Final Exam Review

The document outlines the final exam details for BRAE 422: Equipment Engineering, scheduled for Tuesday from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. It lists allowed resources for the exam, including textbooks and handwritten notes, and covers key topics such as steel columns, fatigue, and vibrations. Additionally, it provides formulas and factors related to the analysis of real and ideal columns and fatigue strength.

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3 views36 pages

BRAE 422: Equipment Engineering: Discussion 20: Final Exam Review

The document outlines the final exam details for BRAE 422: Equipment Engineering, scheduled for Tuesday from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. It lists allowed resources for the exam, including textbooks and handwritten notes, and covers key topics such as steel columns, fatigue, and vibrations. Additionally, it provides formulas and factors related to the analysis of real and ideal columns and fatigue strength.

Uploaded by

cambriajade
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BRAE 422: Equipment Engineering

Discussion 20: Final Exam Review

1
Announcements
• Final Exam Tuesday, 10 a.m. – 1 p.m. 10-204
• Gravity Measurement Result: 9.779 m/s2

2
Exam Resources
Allowed resources are the
• Shigley textbook (printed or digital)
• AISC SCM (printed or digital)
• one letter-sized page notes, handwritten,
• any calculator,
• scratch paper,
• a straight-edge, and
• a writing implement.
Other resources, including worked problems found on
the internet or provided by other students (former or
current), are not allowed. Discussion of the exam with
other students is expressly prohibited.
3
Final Exam Topics
• Steel Columns (Ideal and Real Columns)
• Fatigue (Ideal and Real Parts)
• Vibrations (just the basics – e.g. natural frequency
of spring-mass system, resonance)

4
Steel Columns

5
Columns
Available Strength in Axial Compression, W8x35

400
Maximum Allowable Axial Load (kips)

350
308.3832335

300

250

200

150
Material Yield Euler Buckling
104.3764974

100

Formula Value Tabulated Value


91.5
50

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Column Length (ft)

6
Ideal Columns

Modulus of Elasticity

End condition constant Moment of Inertia


(Second Moment of Area)
(Euler/Ideal) Critical Load
2
𝐶𝜋 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐𝑟 =
𝑙2
length

7
Real Columns

13
Real Columns

14
Real Columns
Buckle about whichever axis is more slender –
whichever is greater:

𝑥 (strong) axis 𝑦 (weak) axis

𝐾𝑥 𝐿𝑥 𝐾𝑦 𝐿𝑦
𝑟𝑥 𝑟𝑦

15
16
17
18
AISC SCM – 16.1-570
Given:
A vertical
column is
fixed at the
bottom,
pinned at the
top…

19
Example

20
Fatigue

21
Fatigue of Ideal Parts

= 𝑆𝑒′

22
Fatigue Strength Fraction 𝒇

23
Fatigue

24
Endurance Limit Modifying Factors
For real parts, we modify the S-N diagram by modifying
the endurance limit

where
– 𝑆𝑒 is the endurance limit for the machined part
– 𝑆𝑒′ is the endurance limit of a rotary-beam test specimen
– 𝑘𝑎 is a surface condition modification factor
– 𝑘𝑏 is a size modification factor
– 𝑘𝑐 is a load modification factor
– 𝑘𝑑 is a temperature modification factor
– 𝑘𝑒 is a reliability modification factor
– 𝑘𝑓 is a miscellaneous-effects modification factor

26
Surface Factor 𝒌𝒂

27
Size Factor 𝒌𝒃 (pure axial loading)

𝑘𝑏 = 1

28
Size Factor 𝒌𝒃 (bending and torsion)

Note: effective diameter is equal to


physical diameter only for rotating cylinder

29
Effective diameter for non-rotating shapes

30
Load Factor 𝒌𝒄
• Depends on type of load
– Bending: 𝑘𝑐 = 1
– Axial: 𝑘𝑐 = 0.85
– Torsion: 𝑘𝑐 = 0.59

31
Temperature Factor 𝒌𝒅

See Table 6-4

32
Temperature Factor 𝒌𝒅

33
Reliability Factor 𝒌𝒆

See Table 6-5

35
Miscellaneous Effects Factor 𝒌𝒇

• Values of 𝑘𝑓 are not available, but nonetheless you


should consider:
– Residual stresses
– Directional characteristics
– Surface treatments
– Corrosion
– Frettage

36
Fatigue of Real Parts

Just replace 𝑆𝑒′ with 𝑆𝑒

37
38
Fatigue Strength Fraction 𝒇

39
40
41
Vibrations

42
Vibrations
The equation of motion of a free spring-mass system
can be written
𝑚 𝑥ሷ + 𝑘𝑥 = 0.

A solution is
𝑥 𝑡 = 𝐴 cos(𝜔𝑛 𝑡)
where
𝑘
𝜔𝑛 =
𝑚

43

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