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Multiprogramming in Operating System 2.4

Mul programming allows multiple programs to be active simultaneously, improving CPU utilization and user experience. It requires a single CPU, involves context switching, and can lead to high resource utilization and performance, but also presents challenges such as memory management and potential thrashing. Modern operating systems like MS Windows and Linux implement mul programming to enhance system responsiveness and support multitasking environments.

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3 views2 pages

Multiprogramming in Operating System 2.4

Mul programming allows multiple programs to be active simultaneously, improving CPU utilization and user experience. It requires a single CPU, involves context switching, and can lead to high resource utilization and performance, but also presents challenges such as memory management and potential thrashing. Modern operating systems like MS Windows and Linux implement mul programming to enhance system responsiveness and support multitasking environments.

Uploaded by

hassancllassics
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Mul programming in Opera ng System

As the name suggests, Mul programming means more than one program can be ac ve at the
same me. Before the opera ng system concept, only one program was to be loaded at a me
and run. These systems were not efficient as the CPU was not used efficiently.
Example: In a single-tasking system, the CPU is not used if the current program waits for some
input/output to finish. The idea of mul programming is to assign CPUs to other processes while
the current process might not be finished. This has the below advantages:
 The user gets the feeling that he/she can run mul ple applica ons on a single CPU even
if the CPU is running one process at a me.
 CPU is u lized be er.
All modern opera ng systems like MS Windows, Linux, etc are mul programming opera ng
systems.

Features of Mul programming


 Need Single CPU for implementa on.
 Context switch between process.
 Switching happens when current process undergoes wai ng state.
 CPU idle me is reduced.
 High resource u liza on.
 High Performance.
Disadvantages of Mul programming
 If it has a large number of jobs, then long-term jobs will have to require a long wait.
 Memory management is needed in the opera ng system because all types of tasks are
stored in the main memory.
 Using mul programming up to a larger extent can cause a heat-up issue.
 High Degree of Mul programming will cause Thrashing.
 Prior knowledge of scheduling algorithms (An algorithm that decides which next process
will get hold of the CPU) is required.
How do Mul programming Opera ng Systems Work?
In mul programming system, mul ple programs are to be stored in memory and each program
has to be given a specific por on of memory which is known as process. The opera ng system
handles all these process and their states. Below are the steps occur when the process
undergoes execu on:
 The opera ng system selects a ready process by checking which one process should
udergo execu on.
 When the chosen process undergoes CPU execu on, it might be possible that in
between process need any input/output opera on.
 At that me process goes out of main memory for I/O opera on and temporarily stored
in secondary storage.
 Then, CPU switches to next ready process.
 When the process which undergoes for I/O opera on comes again a er comple ng the
work
 Then, CPU switches to this process.
 This switching is happening so fast and repeatedly that creates an illusion of
simultaneous execu on.

Working of Mul -Programming

Advantages of Mul programming


 Increase the resource u liza on of a computer system.
 Support mul ple simultaneously interac ve users (terminals).
 Keeps mul ple runnable jobs loaded in memory .
 Increase the throughput of the system.
 The wai ng me for a program is reduced.
 Improve system's overall responsiveness.
 Improve the reliability and stability of the system.
 Make the system suitable for mul tasking environments.

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