1.

Development is described as:

A. Quantitative change only
B. Qualitative change only
C. Both quantitative and qualitative change
D. Sudden change
✅ Answer: C
Explanation:
Development includes growth (quantitative changes like height, weight) and maturation of abilities
(qualitative changes like thinking, reasoning).

2. The concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was given by:

A. Jean Piaget
B. Lev Vygotsky
C. Skinner
D. Freud
✅ Answer: B
Explanation:
Lev Vygotsky explained that ZPD is the difference between what a child can do alone and what he can do
with guidance from adults or peers.

3. According to Jean Piaget, children in the pre-operational stage belong to which age group?
A. 0–2 years
B. 2–7 years
C. 7–11 years
D. 11–15 years
✅ Answer: B
Explanation:
Piaget stages:
 Sensorimotor: 0–2 years
 Pre-operational: 2–7 years
 Concrete operational: 7–11 years
 Formal operational: 11+ years

4. A child begins to think logically about concrete objects in which stage?

A. Sensorimotor
B. Pre-operational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
✅ Answer: C
Explanation:
In Concrete Operational Stage (7–11 years) children develop logical thinking, conservation, classification and
seriation.

5. The theory of operant conditioning was given by:

A. Pavlov
B. B.F. Skinner
C. Thorndike
D. Bandura
✅ Answer: B
Explanation:
B.F. Skinner proposed Operant Conditioning where behaviour is shaped through reinforcement and
punishment.

6. The Law of Effect was proposed by:

A. Thorndike
B. Piaget
C. Freud
D. Vygotsky
✅ Answer: A
Explanation:
Edward Thorndike said behaviours followed by satisfaction are strengthened, while those followed by
discomfort weaken.

7. Which factor plays the most important role in child development?

A. Heredity only
B. Environment only
C. Interaction of heredity and environment
D. Luck
✅ Answer: C
Explanation:
Child development occurs through the interaction of heredity (genes) and environment (family, school,
culture).

8. Egocentrism is a characteristic of which stage according to Piaget?

A. Sensorimotor
B. Pre-operational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
✅ Answer: B
Explanation:
In the pre-operational stage, children find it difficult to see things from another person's perspective.

9. Learning by observing others is called:

A. Classical conditioning
B. Trial and error learning
C. Observational learning
D. Insight learning
✅ Answer: C
Explanation:
Albert Bandura proposed Observational (Social) Learning, where children learn by watching models.

10. The first teacher of a child is:

A. School
B. Society
C. Family
D. Teacher
 ✅ Answer: C
Explanation:
Family is the primary agent of socialization, shaping early behaviour, language, and values.

✅ If you want, I can also provide:

 50 Child Development MCQs (PSTET level)
 Important theories + psychologists tricks for exams
 Punjabi medium MCQs for PSTET (since you study Punjabi topics too).
50
Here are 50 MCQs on Child Development & Pedagogy (useful for PSTET / CTET / teaching exams). I kept them
exam-oriented with answers for quick practice. 📚

Child Development & Pedagogy – 50 MCQs

1.
Development mainly refers to:
A. Physical growth
B. Quantitative change
C. Qualitative change
D. Overall change in behaviour
✅ Ans: D

2.
The period from birth to 2 years according to Piaget is:
A. Pre-operational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
✅ Ans: B

3.
The father of psychoanalysis is:
A. Piaget
B. Freud
C. Skinner
D. Thorndike
✅ Ans: B

4.
Who proposed cognitive development theory?
A. Piaget
B. Freud
C. Skinner
D. Pavlov
✅ Ans: A

5.
The zone of proximal development concept belongs to:
A. Piaget
B. Vygotsky
C. Freud
D. Thorndike
✅ Ans: B

6.
Trial and Error learning theory was given by:
A. Pavlov
B. Thorndike
C. Skinner
D. Kohler
✅ Ans: B

7.
Classical conditioning theory was given by:
A. Pavlov
B. Skinner
C. Thorndike
D. Bandura
✅ Ans: A

8.
Insight learning theory was given by:
A. Skinner
B. Pavlov
C. Kohler
D. Thorndike
✅ Ans: C

9.
Learning through observation is called:
A. Conditioning
B. Observational learning
C. Trial learning
D. Insight learning
✅ Ans: B

10.
The most important period of development is:
A. Adolescence
B. Childhood
C. Infancy
D. Early childhood
✅ Ans: C
11.
The cephalocaudal principle means development occurs:
A. Head to toe
B. Toe to head
C. Center to outward
D. Randomly
✅ Ans: A

12.
The proximodistal principle means development occurs:
A. Center to outward
B. Outward to center
C. Head to toe
D. Random
✅ Ans: A

13.
Which stage includes logical thinking about concrete objects?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Pre-operational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
✅ Ans: C

14.
Children develop abstract thinking in:
A. Concrete stage
B. Formal operational stage
C. Pre-operational stage
D. Sensorimotor stage
✅ Ans: B

15.
A teacher should treat students:
A. Equally
B. According to intelligence
C. According to individual differences
D. According to caste
✅ Ans: C

16.
The first school of a child is:
A. Society
B. Family
C. Playground
D. Classroom
✅ Ans: B
17.
Learning is:
A. Permanent change in behaviour
B. Temporary change
C. Physical growth
D. Genetic change
✅ Ans: A

18.
The Law of Exercise belongs to:
A. Thorndike
B. Skinner
C. Freud
D. Piaget
✅ Ans: A

19.
Motivation means:
A. Encouragement to learn
B. Punishment
C. Fear
D. Intelligence
✅ Ans: A

20.
Which factor influences learning the most?
A. Heredity
B. Environment
C. Both heredity and environment
D. Luck
✅ Ans: C

21.
The egocentric thinking occurs in:
A. Sensorimotor
B. Pre-operational
C. Concrete
D. Formal
✅ Ans: B

22.
Adolescence is known as:
A. Golden age
B. Problem age
C. Period of stress and storm
D. Period of maturity
✅ Ans: C

23.
A good teacher should:
A. Punish students
B. Encourage creativity
C. Focus only on syllabus
D. Ignore weak students
✅ Ans: B

24.
Play helps in development of:
A. Physical development
B. Mental development
C. Social development
D. All of these
✅ Ans: D

25.
Individual differences mean:
A. Students are same
B. Students differ in abilities
C. No difference
D. Same intelligence
✅ Ans: B

26.
Which stage involves symbolic thinking?
A. Pre-operational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Concrete
D. Formal
✅ Ans: A

27.
Learning without reinforcement is explained by:
A. Tolman
B. Skinner
C. Pavlov
D. Thorndike
✅ Ans: A

28.
Which psychologist emphasized social interaction in learning?
A. Piaget
B. Vygotsky
C. Freud
D. Skinner
✅ Ans: B

29.
A child copying teacher behaviour is example of:
A. Classical conditioning
B. Observational learning
C. Insight learning
D. Trial learning
✅ Ans: B

30.
Punishment usually:
A. Encourages learning
B. Discourages behaviour
C. Improves creativity
D. Improves intelligence
✅ Ans: B

31.
The best method of teaching young children is:
A. Lecture
B. Play-way method
C. Dictation
D. Memorization
✅ Ans: B

32.
Emotional development means:
A. Development of feelings
B. Physical growth
C. Intelligence growth
D. Memory
✅ Ans: A

33.
Which stage shows object permanence?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Pre-operational
C. Concrete
D. Formal
✅ Ans: A

34.
Creativity is related to:
A. Intelligence only
B. Imagination and thinking
C. Memory
D. Discipline
✅ Ans: B

35.
Which is not a domain of development?
A. Cognitive
B. Physical
C. Social
D. Mechanical
✅ Ans: D

36.
Inclusive education means:
A. Separate education
B. Education for disabled only
C. Education for all children together
D. Private education
✅ Ans: C

37.
Reinforcement strengthens:
A. Behaviour
B. Punishment
C. Memory
D. Fear
✅ Ans: A

38.
IQ stands for:
A. Intelligence Quotient
B. Intelligence Quality
C. Intelligence Question
D. Intelligent Quotient
✅ Ans: A

39.
The intelligence theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by:
A. Gardner
B. Piaget
C. Freud
D. Thorndike
✅ Ans: A

40.
Which intelligence includes music ability?
A. Linguistic
B. Musical
C. Logical
D. Spatial
✅ Ans: B

41.
Child development mainly studies:
A. Adult behaviour
B. Child growth and behaviour
C. Teacher behaviour
D. School system
✅ Ans: B

42.
Which stage involves conservation ability?
A. Pre-operational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
✅ Ans: C

43.
Scaffolding is related to:
A. Piaget
B. Vygotsky
C. Skinner
D. Freud
✅ Ans: B

44.
Which is a good evaluation method?
A. Only exams
B. Continuous assessment
C. Punishment
D. Memorization
✅ Ans: B

45.
Gifted children usually have:
A. Low IQ
B. Average IQ
C. High IQ
D. No IQ
✅ Ans: C

46.
Learning disability mainly affects:
A. Reading and writing
B. Height
C. Weight
D. Age
✅ Ans: A

47.
Moral development theory was proposed by:
A. Kohlberg
B. Piaget
C. Freud
D. Skinner
✅ Ans: A

48.
Which stage is called identity vs role confusion?
A. Childhood
B. Adolescence
C. Infancy
D. Adulthood
✅ Ans: B

49.
Which factor affects development?
A. Nutrition
B. Family
C. Education
D. All of these
✅ Ans: D

50.
The goal of education is:
A. Passing exams
B. Overall development of child
C. Memorization
D. Discipline only
✅ Ans: B

.
The cognitive development theory was proposed by:
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Jean Piaget
C. B.F. Skinner
D. Thorndike
✅ Answer: B
2.
According to Jean Piaget, the first stage of development is:
A. Pre-operational
B. Concrete operational
C. Sensorimotor
D. Formal operational
✅ Answer: C

3.
Who proposed the psychoanalytic theory?
A. Piaget
B. Freud
C. Skinner
D. Bandura
✅ Answer: B

4.
The concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was introduced by:
A. Piaget
B. Vygotsky
C. Freud
D. Skinner
✅ Answer: B

5.
The theory of operant conditioning was proposed by:
A. Pavlov
B. Skinner
C. Thorndike
D. Kohler
✅ Answer: B

6.
The law of effect was given by:
A. Thorndike
B. Skinner
C. Freud
D. Piaget
✅ Answer: A

7.
The theory of classical conditioning was given by:
A. Pavlov
B. Skinner
C. Thorndike
D. Bandura
✅ Answer: A

8.
The theory of insight learning was given by:
A. Kohler
B. Pavlov
C. Skinner
D. Thorndike
✅ Answer: A

9.
The theory of observational learning was proposed by:
A. Bandura
B. Freud
C. Piaget
D. Pavlov
✅ Answer: A

10.
The psychosocial development theory was proposed by:
A. Erik Erikson
B. Freud
C. Piaget
D. Gardner
✅ Answer: A

11.
The theory of moral development was proposed by:
A. Kohlberg
B. Piaget
C. Freud
D. Skinner
✅ Answer: A

12.
The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by:
A. Gardner
B. Piaget
C. Freud
D. Skinner
✅ Answer: A

13.
The theory of trial and error learning was given by:
A. Thorndike
B. Pavlov
C. Skinner
D. Kohler
✅ Answer: A

14.
The theory of latent learning was proposed by:
A. Tolman
B. Pavlov
C. Skinner
D. Freud
✅ Answer: A

15.
The Gestalt theory of learning is associated with:
A. Kohler
B. Pavlov
C. Skinner
D. Thorndike
✅ Answer: A

16.
The Hierarchy of Needs theory was given by:
A. Maslow
B. Freud
C. Piaget
D. Gardner
✅ Answer: A

17.
The humanistic learning theory is related to:
A. Carl Rogers
B. Pavlov
C. Skinner
D. Thorndike
✅ Answer: A

18.
The social constructivism theory was given by:
A. Vygotsky
B. Piaget
C. Freud
D. Skinner
✅ Answer: A

19.
Who proposed the stage theory of cognitive development?
A. Piaget
B. Freud
C. Gardner
D. Skinner
✅ Answer: A

20.
The concept of scaffolding is related to:
A. Vygotsky
B. Piaget
C. Freud
D. Thorndike
✅ Answer: A

✅ Important Exam Trick (very helpful):

Psychologist Theory
Piaget Cognitive Development
Freud Psychoanalytic Theory
Vygotsky Social Development / ZPD
Skinner Operant Conditioning
Pavlov Classical Conditioning
Thorndike Trial & Error
Kohler Insight Learning
Bandura Observational Learning
Kohlberg Moral Development
Gardner Multiple Intelligences
Erikson Psychosocial Development
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs