IPv6 Address Assignment Example
In this lesson we’ll take a look how you can create IPv6 prefixes and subnets so that you
can configure your entire network with IPv6. We’ll start at the top where IANA (Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority) is responsible for the global coordination of the IPv4 and IPv6
address space and move our way all the way to the bottom where we assign subnets and
IPv6 addresses to our routers, switches and VLANs.
IPv6 Global Unicast Prefix Assignments
IANA “owns” the entire IPv6 address space and they assign certain prefixes to the RIRs
(Regional Internet Registry). There are 5 RIRs at the moment:
AFRINIC: Africa
APNIC: Asia/Pacific
ARIN: North America
LACNIC: Latin America and some Caribbean Islands
RIPE NCC: Europe, Middle east and Central Asia
If you are interested, click here for an overview of all IPv6 prefix assignments by IANA.
When a large ISP (or large company) in North America wants IPv6 addresses then they will
contact ARIN who will assign them an IPv6 prefix if they meet all requirements. The ISP can
then assign prefixes to their customers.
Let’s take a look at some actual prefixes:
IANA is using the 2000::/3 prefix for global unicast address space.
According to this list, RIPE NCC received prefix 2001:4000::/23 from IANA.
A large ISP called Ziggo in The Netherlands receives prefix 2001:41f0::/32 from RIPE
NCC.
The ISP assigns prefix 2001:41f0:4060::/48 to one of their customers.
Now it’s up to the customer what they want to do with their IPv6 prefix…
IPv6 Global Unicast Subnet Assignments
Our customer received prefix 2001:41f0:4060::/48 and they want to use it to configure IPv6
on their entire network. Where do we start? Take a look at the image below:
The 48-bit prefix that we received is typically called the global routing prefix or site prefix.
The interface ID is normally 64 bit which means we have 16 bits left to create subnets.
If I want I can steal some more bits from the Interface ID to create even more subnets but
there’s no need for this. Using 16 bits we can create 65.536 subnets …more than enough
for most of us. Let’s see what we can do for our customer:
16 bits gives us 4 hexadecimal characters. All possible combinations that we can create
with those 4 hexadecimal characters are our possible subnets. Everything from 0000 to
FFFF are valid subnets:
2001:41f0:4060:0000::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0001::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0002::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0003::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0004::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0005::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0006::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0007::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0008::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0009::/64
2001:41f0:4060:000A::/64
2001:41f0:4060:000B::/64
2001:41f0:4060:000C::/64
2001:41f0:4060:000D::/64
2001:41f0:4060:000E::/64
2001:41f0:4060:000F::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0010::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0011::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0012::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0013::/64
2001:41f0:4060:0014::/64
And so on…
Now you know what subnets you can use, here’s an example of a small network where we
use some of these subnets:
In the example above I used some numbers some make sense, for example on VLAN 10
we use 2001:41f0:4060:10::/64, another good option would be 2001:41f0:4060:A::/64 since
the A in hexadecimal equals 10 in decimal. For the VLANs it’s best to use a /64 so that you
can use autoconfiguration for hosts.
On the link between R1 and R2 I used a /64 but according to RFC 6164 you should use a
/127 on point-to-point links.
Each subnet will require an IPv6 address on the router that will be used as the default
gateway. The most simple solution is probably to use the first IPv6 address in the subnet.
For example for VLAN 20 you could use 2001:41f0:4060:20::1/64 or for VLAN 2 you could
use 2001:41f0:4060:2::1/64.
Conclusion
I hope this lesson has helped to understand where IPv6 prefixes come from and how you
can create your own subnets for your network. There’s one more overview I want to share
with you that has some of the terminology:
Name Assignment Example
Registry prefix IANA to RIR 2001:4000::/23
ISP prefix RIR to ISP 2001:41f0::/32
Global routing prefix or site prefix ISP to customer 2001:41f0:4060::/48
Subnet prefix Network engineer 2001:41f0:4060:1234::/64
If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment!