Unit II – Text and Image Editing
2.1 Types of Text Format
Text can be stored and represented in different formats depending on usage and
compatibility.
1. Plain Text (.txt)
o Contains only text without formatting.
o Simple and lightweight.
o Supported by all text editors.
o Cannot store fonts, colors, or styles.
2. Rich Text Format (RTF)
o Allows text formatting (bold, italic, fonts, colors, etc.).
o Can be read by most word processors.
o More flexible than plain text.
o Example: Microsoft Word documents saved as .rtf.
3. Portable Document Format (PDF)
o Preserves formatting across different devices.
o Supports text, images, links, and multimedia.
o Not easily editable without special software.
o Widely used for official documents and reports.
2.2 Conversion of Text Formats & Text Effects
1. Text Conversion
o Plain Text ↔ RTF/PDF: Use word processors like MS Word, LibreOffice, or
online converters.
o Preserves formatting when converting to RTF/PDF.
o Converting back to plain text removes styles.
2. Text Effects
o Enhance visual appearance of text.
o Examples:
Ketchup Effect: Text appears as if dripping ketchup.
Rope Effect: Text appears intertwined like a rope.
Fire Effect: Text looks like it is on fire.
2.3 Graphics Formats
Graphics can be classified into Vector and Raster (Bitmap) formats.
Vector Graphics
Made of paths, curves, and shapes.
Can be resized without losing quality.
Common formats:
o SVG – Scalable Vector Graphics
o WMF – Windows Metafile
o EPS – Encapsulated PostScript
o PDF – Portable Document Format (supports vector)
o CDR – CorelDRAW file
Raster Graphics
Made of pixels; quality decreases when resized.
Common formats:
o JPEG (JPG) – Compressed photographic images.
o PNG – Lossless compression, supports transparency.
o TIFF – High-quality images, used in publishing.
o GIF – Animated images, limited color.
o BMP – Uncompressed bitmap images.
o WebP – Modern format, small size with quality.
o MPEG4 – Video format, can store sequences of images.
2.4 Image Compression Techniques
Compression reduces file size for storage and transmission.
1. Lossy Compression
o Reduces file size by removing some image data.
o Some quality is lost permanently.
o Example: JPEG format.
o Advantage: Smaller files.
o Disadvantage: Loss of quality with repeated edits.
2. Lossless Compression
o Reduces file size without losing image data.
o Original quality is maintained.
o Examples: PNG, GIF.
o Advantage: Original quality preserved.
o Disadvantage: Slightly larger files compared to lossy.
2.5 Image Effects
Special effects applied to images for visual enhancement:
1. Broken Mirror Effect
o Image looks like it is reflected in a shattered mirror.
2. Flaming Ball Effect
o Adds a fiery, glowing ball or fireball effect around an object.
3. Water Drop Effect
o Simulates water droplets on an image for artistic texture.
2.6 2D and 3D Images
1. 2D Images
o Flat images with width and height.
o Examples: JPEG, PNG, GIF.
o Used in illustrations, web images, and print.
2. 3D Images
o Contains depth along with width and height.
o Creates a realistic perception of space.
o Examples: 3D models used in CAD, movies, and video games.
o Can be rendered to produce realistic effects with shadows, textures, and
lighting.
✅ Tips for Exam/Revision
Remember: Vector = Scalable, Raster = Pixel-based
Effects often refer to visual appearance; don’t confuse with formats.
Know examples of each format for easy recall.
Compression: always note Lossy = quality loss, Lossless = no quality loss.
If you want, I can also make a visual diagram/chart summarizing all formats, compression
types, and effects, which is very handy for quick revision.