BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION – ASSIGNMENT 1

Questions

Topics Covered: Introduction, Kingdom Monera, 3. Read the following statements regarding bacteria and
choose the correct sequence of True (T) and False (F):
Archaebacteria
Statement I: Some of the bacteria are autotrophic, i.e.,
1. Read the following statements and select the correct they synthesize their own food from inorganic
answer: substrates
Statement I: Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a Statement II: Aristotle use simple morphological
more scientific basis for classification and used simple characters to classify plants
morphological characters to classify plants into trees, Statement III: Methanogens are responsible for the
shrubs, and herbs production of methane (biogas) from the dung of
Statement II: Linnaeus's two kingdom system of ruminant animals
classification distinguished between eukaryotes and Statement IV: The vast majority of bacteria are
prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms, autotrophs, meaning they do not depend on other
and photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms organisms for food
Statement III: R. H. Whittaker (1696) proposed a (a) I-T, II-T, III-T, IV-F
Five Kingdom Classification including Monera, (b) I-T, II-T, III-F, IV-F
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia (c) I-F, II-F, III-T, IV-T
Statement IV: The main criteria for classification (d) I-F, II-T, III-F, IV-T
used by Whittaker included cell structure, body 4. Assertion (A): The Two Kingdom classification
organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and system used for a long time was found to be
phylogenetic relationships inadequate
(a) Statements I, III and IV are correct Reason (R): It did not distinguish between eukaryotes
(b) Statements II and III are correct and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular
(c) Statements I and IV are correct organisms, and photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic
(d) All statements are correct organisms.
2. Statement I: The vast majority of bacteria are (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
autotrophs, i.e., they synthesize their own food from explanation of A
inorganic substrates (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
Statement II: Linnaeus was the earliest to attempt a explanation of A
more scientific basis for classification (c) A is true but R is false
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct (d) A is false but R is true
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct

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5. Select the correct answer after studying the following (c) A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv
statements: (d) A-i, B-iv, C-ii, D-iii
Statement I: Bacteria are the sole members of the 8. Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on
Kingdom Monera and are the most abundant their shape. Refer to the given figure. Identify A, B, C
microorganisms and D:
Statement II: Bacteria occur almost everywhere;
hundreds of bacteria are present in a handful of soil
Statement III: Though the bacterial structure is very
simple, they are very complex in behaviour
Statement IV: Compared to many other organisms, (a) A–Vibrio, B–Cocci, C–Bacilli, D–Spirilla
bacteria as a group show the most limited metabolic (b) A–Cocci, B–Bacilli, C–Spirilla, D–Vibrio
diversity (c) A–Bacilli, B–Spirilla, C–Vibrio, D–Cocci
(a) Statements I and II are correct (d) A–Spirilla, B–Vibrio, C–Cocci, D–Bacilli
(b) Statements I, II and III are correct 9. Statement I: In the five-kingdom classification,
(c) Statements II and III are correct Chlamydomonas and Chlorella have been placed in
(d) All statements are correct the Kingdom Protista.
6. Statement I: Archaebacteria are characterized by the Statement II: In earlier classification systems, they
presence of a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan, were placed in Algae within Plants because they have
similar to Eubacteria a cell wall
Statement II: Their unique cell wall structure is (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
responsible for their survival in extreme conditions (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct (c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect (d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect 10. Read the following statements and select the correct
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct answer:
7. Match the items in Column I with the corresponding Statement I: Bacteria are grouped under four
descriptions in Column II: categories based on their shape
Column I Column II Statement II: The spherical bacteria are called Coccus
A. Aristotle (i) Proposed the Five
Kingdom Classification (pl.: Cocci).
B. Carolus (ii) Classification based on Statement III: The rod-shaped bacteria are called
Linnaeus simple morphological
characters Bacillus (pl.: Bacilli).
C. R.H. (iii) System did not distinguish Statement IV: The comma-shaped bacteria are called
Whittaker between eukaryotes and
prokaryotes Spirillum (pl.: Spirilla) and the spiral ones are called
D. 1969 (iv) Year in which Five Vibrio (pl.: Vibrio).
Kingdom classification was
proposed (a) Statements II and IV are correct
(b) Statements I, III and IV are correct
(a) A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv (c) Statements I, II and III are correct
(b) A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i (d) All statements are correct

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11. State whether the given statements are true or false: distinguish between unicellular and multicellular
Statement I: The fungi had cellulose in their cell organisms
walls while the green plants had a cell wall of chitin (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Statement II: Some of the bacteria are autotrophic. (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
They may be photosynthetic autotrophic or (c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
chemosynthetic autotrophic (d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Statement III: Heterotrophic nutrition involves 15. Identify around structure ‘A’ in this diagram:
obtaining of readymade inorganic food from outside
sources
(a) I and II are true
(b) II is true, I and III are false
(c) I and II are true and III is false (a) dsDNA (b) Plasmid
(d) Only I is true (c) Spore (d) Heterocyst
12. Match the groups of Archaebacteria in Column I with 16. Assertion (A): Archaebacteria differ from other
their specific habitats in Column II: bacteria in having a different cell wall structure
Column I Column II Reason (R): This feature is responsible for their
A. Halophiles (i) Marshy areas
survival in extreme conditions
B. Thermoacidophiles (ii) Extreme salty areas
C. Methanogens (iii) Hot springs (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
D. Ruminant gut (iv) Production of biogas explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
(a) A-iii, B-ii, C-i, D-iv
explanation of A
(b) A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv
(c) A is true but R is false
(c) A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv
(d) A is false but R is true
(d) A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv
17. Assertion (A): The vast majority of bacteria are
13. Statement I: The three-domain system has also been
autotrophs
proposed that divides the Kingdom Monera into two
Reason (R): They depend on other organisms or on
domains
dead organic matter for food
Statement II: Earlier classification systems included
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
bacteria, blue green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns,
explanation of A
gymnosperms and the angiosperms under ‘Plants’
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
explanation of A
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(c) A is true but R is false
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
(d) A is false but R is true
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
14. Statement I: The Two Kingdom system of
classification suggested by Linnaeus distinguished
between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Statement II: This system was used for a long time
and was found easy to understand, but it did not

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18. Match the characters in Column I with the description Statement IV: Archaebacteria possess the same cell
for Kingdom Monera in Column II: wall structure as other bacteria but differ in their cell
Column I Column II membrane structure which allows them to survive in
A. Cell Type (i) Non-cellulosic extreme conditions
(Polysaccharide + amino
acid) (a) Statements I, II and III are correct
B. Cell Wall (ii) Autotrophic and (b) Statements I and III are correct
Heterotrophic
C. Nuclear (iii) Prokaryotic (c) Statements II and III are correct
Membrane (d) All statements are correct
D. Mode of (iv) Absent
Nutrition 20. Statement I: Aristotle divide animals in two groups
Statement II: He classified animals on the basis of
(a) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii presence or absence of RBC
(b) A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(c) A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(d) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii (c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
19. Read the following statements and select the correct (d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
answer:
Statement I: Archaebacteria live in some of the
harshest habitats such as extreme salty areas
Statement II: Those found in hot springs are known
as halophiles
Statement III: Methanogens are found in marshy
areas and in the gut of several ruminant animals like
cows and buffaloes

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 ANSWER KEY
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b)

6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (c)

11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (c)

16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (a)

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SOLUTIONS
1. Statement II is incorrect: The Two Kingdom system (Plantae and Animalia) proposed by Linnaeus did not distinguish
between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms, or photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic
organisms. This was a major drawback of that system.
Statement III is incorrect: R. H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a Five Kingdom Classification including Monera, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
2. Statement I: The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs, not autotrophs. They depend on other organisms or dead
organic matter.
Statement II: Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification
3. Statement IV is False: The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs, i.e., they depend on other organisms or dead
organic matter for food; they do not synthesise their own food.
4. The Assertion is correct; the system was indeed inadequate. The Reason correctly lists the specific shortcomings (lack of
distinction between major groups) that caused this inadequacy.
5. Statement IV is incorrect: Compared to many other organisms, bacteria as a group show the most extensive not limited
metabolic diversity
6. Statement I is incorrect: Archaebacteria lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They have a different cell wall structure
compared to other bacteria.
7. The correct matching is: A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv
8. The correct labelling is: A–Cocci, B–Bacilli, C–Spirilla, D–Vibrio
9. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
10. Statement IV is incorrect: The comma-shaped bacteria are called Vibrio (pl.: Vibrio), and the spiral bacteria are called
Spirillum (pl.: Spirilla).
11. Statement I is incorrect: The fungi had chitin in their cell walls while the green plants had a cellulosic cell wall
Statement III is incorrect: Heterotrophic nutrition involves obtaining of readymade organic not inorganic food from
outside sources
12. The correct matching is: A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv
13. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
14. Statement I is incorrect. The Two Kingdom system (Plantae and Animalia) did not distinguish between eukaryotes and
prokaryotes
15. The correct labelling is: Spore in Bacilli bacteria
16. The Assertion is correct. The Reason correctly links this structural difference to their functional ability to withstand extreme
heat, salinity, etc.
17. Assertion is Incorrect: The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs, not autotrophs
18. The correct matching is: A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
19. Statement II is incorrect: Those found in hot springs are known as thermoacidophiles not halophiles
Statement IV is incorrect. Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure (not the
same). This specific cell wall feature is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions.

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20. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

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 BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION – ASSIGNMENT 2
Questions

Topics Covered: Eubacteria, Kingdom Protista, 3. Read the following statements and choose the correct
sequence of True (T) and False (F):
Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime
Statement I: Sporozoans (like Plasmodium) have a
moulds, Protozoans simple life cycle without any infectious spore-like
stage
1. Read the following statements and select the correct
Statement II: The spores of slime moulds possess true
answer:
walls, are extremely resistant, and survive for many
Statement I: Cyanobacteria, also referred to as blue-
years
green algae, have chlorophyll 'a' similar to green plants
Statement III: Mycoplasma completely lack a cell
and are photosynthetic autotrophs
wall and can survive without oxygen
Statement II: They are unicellular, colonial, or
Statement IV: Diatomaceous earth is formed by the
filamentous, freshwater, marine, or terrestrial algae
accumulation of cell wall deposits of diatoms over
Statement III: The colonies are generally surrounded
billions of years
by a gelatinous sheath and they often form blooms in
(a) I-T, II-F, III-F, IV-F
polluted water bodies
(b) I-F, II-T, III-T, IV-T
Statement IV: Some of these organisms can fix
(c) I-F, II-F, III-T, IV-T
atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called
(d) I-F, II-T, III-F, IV-T
nodules, e.g. Nostoc and Anabaena
4. Statement I: Heterotrophic bacteria are the most
(a) Statements I, II and IV are correct
abundant in nature and the majority are important
(b) Statements I, II and III are correct
decomposers
(c) Statements I, III and IV are correct
Statement II: Many of them have a significant impact
(d) All statements are correct
on human affairs, such as making curd from milk and
2. Assertion (A): Diatoms are used in polishing and
producing antibiotics
filtration of oils and syrups
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Reason (R): The soil containing their cell wall
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
deposits is gritty in nature
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

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5. Match the items in Column I with their (c) Statements I and III are correct
characteristics/functions in Column II: (d) All statements are correct
Column I Column II 8. Identify the given figure and select the correct option:
A Heterocysts (i) Recycling nutrients
like N, P, Fe, and S
B Chemosynthetic (ii) Smallest living cells
autotrophs known
C Mycoplasma (iii) Specialised cells for
nitrogen fixation
D Heterotrophic (iv) Most abundant in
bacteria nature; production of
antibiotics

(a) A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i

(b) A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv (a) It is marine water plankton
(c) A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i (b) It is a saprophytic protist
(d) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv (c) It is parasitic predator believed to but primary
6. Assertion (A): Most Dinoflagellates have two flagella relative of animals
Reason (R): One flagellum lies longitudinally and the (d) Ciliated protozoan
other transversely in a furrow between the wall plates 9. Statement I: Red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct undergo such rapid multiplication that they make the
explanation of A sea appear red; hence named the Red sea
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct Statement II: Toxins released by such large numbers
explanation of A of these organisms may even kill other marine animals
(c) A is true but R is false such as fishes
(d) A is false but R is true (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
7. Read the following statements and select the correct (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
answer (c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
Statement I: Chrysophytes include diatoms and (d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
golden algae and are found in fresh water as well as in 10. Assertion (A): Cyanobacteria often form blooms in
marine environments clear water bodies
Statement II: In diatoms, the cell walls form two thin Reason (R): They are heterotrophic organisms that
overlapping shells, which fit together as in a soap box, feed on organic pollutants
and are embedded with CaCO3 making them (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
indestructible explanation of A
Statement III: Dinoflagellates are mostly marine and (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
photosynthetic, appearing yellow, green, brown, blue, explanation of A
or red depending on the main pigments present (c) A is true but R is false
Statement IV: Dinoflagellates are the chief (d) Both A and R are false
‘producers’ in the oceans
(a) Statements I, II and III are correct
(b) Statements I and IV are correct

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11. Read the following statements and select the correct 13. Assertion (A): Ciliated protozoans (e.g., Paramecium)
answer: are actively moving organisms
Statement I: Euglenoids are mostly freshwater Reason (R): They possess thousands of short flagella
organisms found in stagnant water and possess a lipid- on their body surface
rich layer called pellicle which makes their body (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
flexible explanation of A
Statement II: Though Euglenoids are photosynthetic (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
in the presence of sunlight, when deprived of sunlight explanation of A
they behave like heterotrophs by predating on other (c) A is true but R is false
smaller organisms (d) A is false but R is true
Statement III: Slime moulds are saprophytic protists; 14. Refer to diagram given below and select the incorrect
under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation option regarding it:
called Plasmodium which may grow and spread over
several feet
Statement IV: During favourable conditions, the
plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies
bearing spores at their tips
(a) Statements I and II are correct
(b) Statements I and III are incorrect
(c) Statements II and III are correct
(a) It belongs to kingdom–Protista and is a
(d) Statements I, III and IV are incorrect
dinoflagellate
12. Match the organism group in Column I with the
(b) It is mostly marine, photosynthetic with colour
structure of their outer boundary in Column II:
depending on main pigment present in its cells
Column I Column II
A Chrysophytes (i) Stiff cellulose plates on (c) They have two flagella, a short and a long one
the outer surface (d) These organisms release toxins in large number
B Dinoflagellates (ii) Possess true walls,
extremely resistant which kill other marine animals
C Euglenoids (iii) Cell walls with silica 15. Match the type of Protozoan in Column I with the
forming two overlapping
shells correct example and feature in Column II:
D Slime Moulds (iv) Protein-rich layer called Column I Column II
pellicle A Amoeboid (i) Causes sleeping sickness
protozoans (Trypanosoma)
(a) A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv B Flagellated (ii) Move using thousands of
protozoans cilia (Paramecium)
(b) A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii C Ciliated (iii) Have an infectious spore-
(c) A-iii, B-ii, C-i, D-iv protozoans like stage (Plasmodium)
D Sporozoans (iv) Move using pseudopodia
(d) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii (Entamoeba)

(a) A-iv, B-ii, C-i, D-iii

(b) A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv

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 (c) A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii 19. Read the following statements and select the correct
(d) A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i answer:
16. Statement I: Chrysophytes are microscopic and swim Statement I: Some protozoans are heterotrophs and
actively in water currents using flagella live as predators or parasites; they are believed to be
Statement II: The extremely resistant spores of slime primitive relatives of animals
moulds are dispersed by water currents Statement II: Marine amoeboid protozoan forms like
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct diatoms have silica shells on their surface
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect Statement III: Flagellated protozoans are either free-
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect living or parasitic; parasitic forms like Trypanosoma
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct cause sleeping sickness
Four Statement IV: Ciliated protozoans are actively
17. Statement I: Euglenoids have two flagella, a short and moving organisms because of the presence of
a long one thousands of cilia and have a cavity (gullet) that opens
Statement II: Their pigments are identical to those to the outside of the cell surface.
present in higher plants (a) Statements I and II are correct
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct (b) Statements I, III and IV are correct
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect (c) Statements I and II are incorrect
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect (d) Statements II and III are correct
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct 20. Statement I: Slime moulds are decomposers and their
18. Match the descriptive term in Column I with the body moves along decaying twigs and leaves
specific organism/group in Column II: engulfing inorganic material
Column I Column II Statement II: The most notorious amongst sporozoans
A Red Tides (i) Slime is Plasmodium (malarial parasite) which causes
Moulds
B Diatomaceous Earth (ii) Euglena malaria, a disease with a staggering effect on the
C Mixotrophic Nutrition (iii) Gonyaulax human population
D Plasmodium (iv) Diatoms
(Aggregation) (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(a) A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i (c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
(b) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii (d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
(c) A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
(d) A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i

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 ANSWER KEY
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)

6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (d)

11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c)

16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (d)

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SOLUTIONS
1. Statement IV is incorrect: Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts not
nodules, e.g. Nostoc and Anabaena
2. The Assertion is correct. The Reason explains why they are used for polishing: the silica-embedded walls pile up to form
diatomaceous earth, which is gritty (abrasive), making it suitable for polishing and filtration.
3. Statement I is False: Sporozoans typically have a complex life cycle that includes an infectious spore-like stage
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
5. The correct matching is: A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
6. The arrangement of the flagella (Reason) is a descriptive fact, not the cause of them having two flagella. Thus, it is not the
correct explanation.
7. Statement II is incorrect: In diatoms, the cell walls form two thin overlapping shells, which fit together as in a soap box,
and are embedded with silica not CaCO3 making them indestructible
Statement IV is incorrect: Diatoms are the chief ‘producers’ in the oceans not Dinoflagellates
8. The correct labelling is: It is a saprophytic protist as it represents a slime mould
9. Statement I is incorrect: Red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax undergo such rapid multiplication that they make the sea
appear red; hence known to cause red tides
10. Assertion is incorrect: Cyanobacteria often form blooms in polluted not clear water bodies Reason is incorrect:
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophs, not heterotrophs
11. Statement I is incorrect: Euglenoids are mostly freshwater organisms found in stagnant water and possess a protein-rich
not lipid-rich layer called pellicle which makes their body flexible
Statement III is incorrect: Slime moulds are saprophytic protists; under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation
called plasmodium not Plasmodium (which is causative agent of malaria) which may grow and spread over several feet
Statement IV is incorrect: The plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies during unfavourable conditions (not
favourable). Under favourable conditions, they form the plasmodium itself.
12. The correct matching is: A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
13. Reason is incorrect: Ciliates possess thousands of cilia not short flagella on their body surface
14. The given figure is of a dinoflagellate. For these, option (c) is incorrect and can be corrected as Dinoflagellates have two
flagella, one lying longitudinally and other transversally in a furrow between wall plates
15. The correct matching is: A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii
16. Statement I is incorrect: Chrysophytes are microscopic and float passively not swim actively in water currents hence
called as planktons
Statement II is incorrect: The spores are dispersed by air currents, not water currents.
17. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
18. The correct matching is: A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
19. Statement I is incorrect: All not some protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites; they are believed to be
primitive relatives of animals
Statement II is incorrect: Marine amoeboid protozoan forms have silica shells on their surface; Diatoms are Chrysophytes

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20. Statement I is incorrect: Slime moulds are decomposers and their body moves along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing
organic not inorganic material

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 BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION – ASSIGNMENT 3
Questions

Topics Covered: Kingdom Fungi including 3. Read the following statements regarding
Deuteromycetes and choose the correct sequence of
Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes,
True (T) and False (F):
Deuteromycetes Statement I: They are commonly known as imperfect
fungi because only the sexual phases of these fungi are
1. Read the following statements and select the correct
known
set of statements
Statement II: Once perfect (sexual) stages of
Statement I: The sexual cycle involves three steps:
members of deuteromycetes were discovered, they
Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis
were often moved to Phycomycetes and
Statement II: Fungi are cosmopolitan and
Basidiomycetes
heterotrophic organisms; their cell walls are composed
Statement III: The mycelium is branched and septate
of chitin only
Statement IV: Some members are saprophytes or
Statement III: In some fungi (Ascomycetes and
parasites, but a large number of them are decomposers
Basidiomycetes), an intervening dikaryotic stage (n +
of litter and help in mineral cycling
n) occurs; this phase is called the dikaryophase
(a) I-T, II-F, III-F, IV-F
Statement IV: Fungi are always multicellular and
(b) I-T, II-T, III-F, IV-F
filamentous, with no exceptions
(c) I-F, II-F, III-T, IV-T
(a) Statements I, II and IV are correct
(d) I-T, II-T, III-F, IV-T
(b) Statements II and III are correct
4. Read the following statements regarding Ascomycetes
(c) Statements I and III are correct
and select the correct set of statements:
(d) Statements I, II and III are correct
Statement I: They are mostly multicellular (e.g.,
2. Statement I: The mycelium in Phycomycetes and
Penicillium) or rarely unicellular (e.g., Yeast) and are
Deuteromycetes is aseptate and coenocytic
saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic or coprophilous
Statement II: The mycelium in Ascomycetes and
Statement II: The asexual spores are conidia
Basidiomycetes is branched and septate
produced exogenously on the special mycelium called
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
conidiophores
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
Statement III: The sexual spores are called
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
ascospores which are produced exogenously in sac-
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
like asci
Statement IV: The mycelium is branched and septate
(a) Statements II and III are correct
(b) Statements I and III are correct
(c) Statements I, II and IV are correct

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 (d) All statements are correct (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
5. Match the Fungal Class in Column I with its common explanation of A
name in Column II: (c) A is true but R is false
Column I Column II (d) A is false but R is true
A Phycomycetes (i) Club fungi 9. Read the following statements regarding
B Ascomycetes (ii) Imperfect fungi
C Basidiomycetes (iii) Sac fungi phycomycetes and select the correct set of statements:
D Deuteromycetes (iv) Algal fungi Statement I: Members of Phycomycetes are found in
aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and
(a) A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv
damp places or as facultative parasites on plants
(b) A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
Statement II: The mycelium is aseptate and
(c) A-iv, B-i, C-iii, D-ii
coenocytic
(d) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
Statement III: Asexual reproduction takes place by
6. Statement I: In Phycomycetes, asexual reproduction
zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (motile)
takes place by zoospores or aplanospores which are
Statement IV: These asexual spores are produced
produced endogenously in the sporangium
endogenously in the sporangium
Statement II: In Ascomycetes, the asexual spores are
(a) Statements I, II and III are correct
generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by
(b) Statements I and III are incorrect
fragmentation is common
(c) Statements II and III are correct
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(d) Statements II and III are incorrect
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
10. Match the specific Fungus in Column I with its Class
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
in Column II:
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Column I Column II
7. Identify the diagrams: A Albugo (i) Basidiomycetes
B Neurospora (ii) Deuteromycetes
C Ustilago (iii) Phycomycetes
D Trichoderma (iv) Ascomycetes

(a) A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii

(b) A-iv, B-i, C-iii, D-ii
(i) (ii) (iii) (c) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
(a) Mucor Aspergillus Agaricus (d) A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
(b) Aspergillus Mucor Agaricus
(c) Agaricus Aspergillus Mucor 11. Assertion (A): Deuteromycetes are commonly known
(d) Agaricus Mucor Aspergillus as imperfect fungi
Reason (R): In these fungi, the sexual phase is either
8. Assertion (A): In Ascomycetes, the site of karyogamy
absent or has not yet been discovered, and they
and meiosis is the ascus
reproduce only by asexual spores known as conidia
Reason (R): Basidiomycetes produce sexual spores
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
exogenously on the basidium
explanation of A.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
explanation of A
explanation of A.

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 (c) A is true but R is false. (c) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
(d) A is false but R is true. (d) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
12. The diagram below shows a generalized life cycle of a 15. Statement I: In Basidiomycetes, sex organs are
fungus on a substratum. Choose the incorrect from absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by the fusion
appropriate actions/ terms for A to E: of two vegetative cells
Statement II: In Deuteromycetes, sexual reproduction
occurs via the formation of oospores or zygospores
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
16. Statement I: Puccinia causes rust diseases and is a
(a) C represents mitosis member of Ascomycetes
(b) E represents spores are present in the bread and Statement II: Ustilago causes smut diseases and is a
germinate member of Phycomycetes
(c) D represents spores are in the air (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(d) A and B are the invisible stages on bread (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
13. Assertion (A): Alternaria and Trichoderma are placed (c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
under the class Basidiomycetes (d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Reason (R): These fungi help in mineral cycling and 17. Match the description in Column I with the correct
decomposition of litter Class/Example in Column II:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct Column I Column II
explanation of A A Edible delicacies (i) Albugo
B Biochemical & genetic (ii) Morels and
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
work truffles
explanation of A C Parasitic fungi on (iii) Rhizopus
mustard
(c) A is true but R is false
D Bread mould (iv) Neurospora
(d) A is false but R is true
14. Match the Spore type in Column I with its (a) A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
characteristic origin in Column II: (b) A-i, B-iv, C-ii, D-iii
Column I Column II (c) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
A Basidiospores (i) Produced endogenously in
sporangium (d) A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
B Ascospores (ii) Produced exogenously on 18. Assertion (A): In Basidiomycetes, distinct sex organs
conidiophores
are absent
C Zoospores (iii) Produced exogenously on
basidium Reason (R): Plasmogamy is brought about by the
D Conidia (iv) Produced endogenously in
fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different
ascus
strains or genotypes
(a) A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
(b) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii explanation of A

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 (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct Statement II: A large number of them are
explanation of A decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling
(c) A is true but R is false Statement III: Asexual spores are generally not
(d) A is false but R is true found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is
19. Statement I: In Ascomycetes, asci are arranged in common
different types of fruiting bodies called ascocarps Statement IV: A zygospore is formed by fusion of
Statement II: In Basidiomycetes, the basidia are two gametes
produced endogenously and the basidiospores are (a) Statements I and II are correct
arranged within in fruiting bodies called basidiocarps (b) Statements III and IV are correct
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct (c) Statements I and III are correct
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect (d) All statements are correct
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
20. Given below are the statements for Basidiomycetes
select the correct set of statements:
Statement I: Common known forms are mushrooms,
bracket fungi, or puffballs; they grow in soil, on logs,
and in living plant bodies as parasites (e.g., rusts and
smuts)

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 ANSWER KEY
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d)

6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)

11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (c)

16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (c)

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SOLUTIONS
1. Statement II is incorrect: Fungi are cosmopolitan and heterotrophic organisms; their cell walls are composed of chitin and
polysaccharides
Statement IV is incorrect: Fungi are not always multicellular. Yeasts are unicellular fungi.
2. Statement I: The mycelium in Phycomycetes is aseptate and coenocytic while that in Deuteromycetes is branched and
septate
3. Statement I is false: They are commonly known as imperfect fungi because only the asexual or vegetative not sexual
phases of these fungi are known
Statement II is false: Once perfect (sexual) stages of members of deuteromycetes were discovered, they were often moved
to Ascomycetes not Phycomycetes and Basidiomycetes
4. Statement III is incorrect: Ascospores are produced endogenously in sac-like asci (unlike conidia which are exogenous)
5. The correct matching is: A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
6. Statement II is incorrect: In Basidiomycetes not Ascomycetes, the asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative
reproduction by fragmentation is common
7. The correct labelling is: (i): Agaricus; (ii): Aspergillus; (iii): Mucor
8. Both statements are factually true according to NCERT, but the feature of Basidiomycetes (Reason) does not explain the
feature of Ascomycetes (Assertion).
9. Statement I: Members of Phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as
obligate not facultative parasites on plants
Statement III: Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non-motile not motile)
10. The correct matching is: A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
11. The Assertion is correct. The Reason provides the exact definition and cause for the term "imperfect fungi" (lack of a
perfect/sexual stage), making it the correct explanation.
12. The correct labelling is: C represents meiosis and not mitosis
13. Assertion is Incorrect: Alternaria and Trichoderma belong to Deuteromycetes (Imperfect fungi), not Basidiomycetes.
14. The correct matching is: A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
15. Statement II is incorrect. Deuteromycetes are "imperfect fungi" because their sexual phase is unknown or absent.
Oospores/Zygospores are features of Phycomycetes.
16. Puccinia (Rust fungus) belongs to Basidiomycetes
Ustilago (Smut fungus) also belongs to Basidiomycetes
17. The correct matching is: A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
18. The Assertion is correct. The Reason correctly explains how sexual reproduction (plasmogamy) is initiated despite the
absence of sex organs (the process of somatogamy compensates for the lack of specialized organs).
19. Statement II is incorrect: In Basidiomycetes, the basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium (pl.: basidia).
The basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called basidiocarps.
20. Statement II is incorrect: A large number of them are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling is for
Deuteromycetes

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 Statement IV is incorrect: A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes is for Phycomycetes not Basidiomycetes

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