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Instruments

The document provides an overview of various laboratory instruments including Bone Marrow Aspiration Needle, PCV Tube, Urinometer, RBC Pipette, WBC Pipette, and Sahli’s Hemoglobinometer. Each section details the parts, functions, principles, usage, and special points of the instruments. This information is essential for understanding the tools used in hematology and urinalysis.

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3 views2 pages

Instruments

The document provides an overview of various laboratory instruments including Bone Marrow Aspiration Needle, PCV Tube, Urinometer, RBC Pipette, WBC Pipette, and Sahli’s Hemoglobinometer. Each section details the parts, functions, principles, usage, and special points of the instruments. This information is essential for understanding the tools used in hematology and urinalysis.

Uploaded by

drgayathrisiji
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Bone Marrow Aspiration Needle

1. Parts: Handle, hollow needle, removable stylet, adjustable guard/stopper.

2. Function: Aspiration of marrow for cytology, special stains, cultures.

3. Principle: Penetrates bone cortex; guard controls depth to avoid injury.

4. Sites: Sternum (adults), posterior superior iliac spine, tibia (infants).

5. Special point: Stylet prevents blockage of lumen by tissue during insertion.

2. PCV Tube (Wintrobe’s Tube)

1. Material: Thick glass tube, 11 cm length, uniform bore.

2. Markings: 0–100 mm from both ends — top for ESR, bottom for PCV.

3. Use: Packed Cell Volume (hematocrit) and ESR by Wintrobe’s method.

4. Principle: Centrifugation separates blood into layers — RBCs, buffy coat,


plasma.

5. Special point: Requires anticoagulated blood; slower ESR reading than


Westergren.

3. Urinometer

1. Structure: Weighted bulb with graduated stem; made of glass.

2. Principle: Buoyancy — depth of floating depends on urine density.

3. Use: Measure specific gravity of urine (normal 1.003–1.030).

4. Procedure: Requires ~50 ml urine in a tall cylinder; temperature correction


needed.

5. Special point: Correction for glucose/protein is necessary for true renal function
interpretation.

4. RBC Pipette

1. Structure: Narrow-bore stem with red bead in bulb, markings up to 101.

2. Use: Dilution of blood (usually 1:200) for RBC counting in hemocytometer.

3. Diluting fluid: Hayem’s or Gower’s solution (prevents clotting & preserves cells).
4. Principle: Accurate dilution ensures proper counting in Neubauer chamber.

5. Special point: Red bead aids mixing and identification from WBC pipette.

5. WBC Pipette

1. Structure: Wider bore stem with white bead in bulb, markings up to 11.

2. Use: Dilution of blood (usually 1:20) for WBC count in hemocytometer.

3. Diluting fluid: Turk’s fluid (acetic acid lyses RBCs, gentian violet stains nuclei).

4. Principle: Lysis of RBCs allows only WBCs to be counted.

5. Special point: White bead for mixing and easy differentiation from RBC pipette.

6. Sahli’s Hemoglobinometer

1. Parts: Comparator with brown glass standards, graduated Hb tube, pipette,


stirrer, dropper.

2. Principle: Acid haematin method — Hb converted to brown acid haematin by


N/10 HCl.

3. Use: Estimation of hemoglobin concentration in g/dL.

4. Procedure: Mix blood with HCl, dilute until colour matches standard, read from
graduation.

5. Special point: Less accurate than cyanmethemoglobin method but cheap and
quick.

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