Health

Education
CLASSIFICATIONS OF INJURIES:
UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES – injuries which
are not expected; also known as accidents.

INTENTIONAL INJURIES – injuries resulting

from purposeful human action, whether
directed at oneself or others.
Intentional injuries are injuries resulting
from violence. It can be divided into two:

SELF-INFLICTED - when a person harms

himself/herself on purpose
ASSAULT - when person/persons harm
another on purpose
 SUICIDE

SELF-INFLICTED

PARASUICIDE
 FAMILY DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

BULLYING

PEERS STALKING
ASSAULT
EXTORTION

GANG & YOUTH VIOLENCE

ILLEGAL FRATERNITY
OTHER RELATED VIOLENCE

GROUPS KIDNAPPING AND

ABDUCTION

ACTS OF TERROR
 VERBAL
SEXUAL
ABUSE
VICTIMIZATION
& OTHER FORMS
OF ABUSE & INCEST
HARASSMENT SEXUAL MOLESTATION
ABUSE RAPE
 Health
Education
 BULLYING
is an unwanted, aggressive behavior.
The behavior is repeated, or can be
repeated, over time. Both kids who are
bullied and who bully others may have
serious, lasting problems.
In order to be considered bullying, the
behavior must be aggressive and include:
An imbalance of power: Kids who bully use
their power—such as physical strength, access
to embarrassing information, or popularity—
to control or harm others.
Repetition: Bullying behavior happen more
than once or have the potential to happen
more than once.
Verbal Bullying
saying or writing mean and nasty things
▪ Teasing
▪ Name-calling
▪ Making inappropriate sexual comments
▪ Taunting
▪ Threatening to cause harm
Social Bullying
sometimes referred to as relational bullying –
hurting someone’s reputation or relationships
▪ Telling other children not to be friends
with someone
▪ Spreading rumors about someone
▪ Embarrassing someone in public
Physical Bullying
hurting a person’s body or destroying his/her
possessions
▪ Hitting/kicking/pinching
▪ Spitting
▪ Tripping/pushing
▪ Taking or breaking someone’s things
▪ Making mean or rude hand gestures
Cyberbullying
verbal and social bullying done through the use of
technology and electronic means
▪ Using social media (i.e. Facebook, Twitter, etc.)
▪ Using mobile devices (i.e. cellphone)
▪ Using electronic mails (i.e. e-mails)
 STALKING
is a pattern of behavior that makes you feel afraid,
nervous, harassed, or in danger. It is when
someone repeatedly contacts you, follows you,
sends you things, and talks to you, even when you
don’t want them to.
It is very threatening to the person being stalked,
because the behaviors and actions of the stalker
often invade his/her privacy.
Stalking behaviors involve actions such as:
▪ Knowing your schedule
▪ Showing up at places you go to
▪ Sending mail, e-mail, and pictures
▪ Calling or texting repeatedly
▪ Contacting you or posting about you on
social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter,
etc.)
Stalking behaviors involve actions such as:
▪ Writing letters
▪ Damaging your property
▪ Creating a Web site about you
▪ Sending gifts
▪ Stealing things that belong to you
▪ Any other actions to contact, harass, track,
or frighten you
 EXTORTION
is the act of using force or threats to force
people to hand over their money or
properties, on favors. Extortion can happen
outside or near schools wherein children are
victimized to give up their allowances, in
exchange for the promise that they will not be
beaten up.
 GANG AND YOUTH
VIOLENCE
A gang is defined as a relatively tough, mostly
street-based group of young people who
regard themselves and may be seen by others
as a group that engages in a range of criminal
activity and violence.
Young people join gangs and groups for lots
of reasons:
▪ need to belong, be included or be part of
a group they can identify themselves with
▪ desire for adventure, as they believe that
joining gangs will give them the
excitement and thrill of their lives
▪ they feel protected and looked out for if
they are members of a gang
 ILLEGAL FRATERNITY-
RELATED VIOLENCE
A fraternity is a group of people with similar
backgrounds, occupations, interests, or tastes.
The youth may think of several benefits in joining
a fraternity. They may see it as a gain in power
and protection, as fraternities have a reputation
for being a powerful group.
▪ It requires an applicant to undergo a
series of initiation rites to become part
of the “brotherhood”.
▪ Hazing can be very dangerous to
applicants, as they will be subjected to
physical and psychological suffering like
being beaten with wooden paddles and
may cause them a lot of injuries.
▪ Hazing, or activities that involve
harassment, abuse, or humiliation.
▪ Some even die in the process, which is
why hazing and other forms of initiation
rites in fraternities, sororities, and
organizations are now being regulated
under the Republic Act 8049, known as
the Anti-Hazing Law. Under this law,
physical hazing is prohibited.
 Health
Education
 KIDNAPPING AND
ABDUCTION
Kidnapping is taking away or forcefully moving a
person against his/her will and holding him/her
in unjust captivity. On the other hand, abduction
is the use of deceit or force in order to take a
person or a child away from their home or
relatives.
 Kidnapping is taking away or forcefully moving a person
against his/her will and holding him/her in unjust
captivity. The act is usually done for a motive like getting a
monetary reward/ ransom or getting some sort of benefit
from the person or their family. The kidnapper is usually a
family acquaintance who knows about the family’s wealth
and influence or a stranger who targeted the victim based
on their outward appearance of wealth or information is
given to the kidnapper by someone who knows the victim
intimately, such as a household employee or someone else
who suspects that the victim has a lot of cash.
 On the other hand, abduction is the use of deceit or force in order to
take a person or a child away from their home or relatives. In abduction,
the victim usually knows or has some sort of relation with the abductor.
Most of the time, the abductor is not holding the victim for profit or any
monetary gain.
Abduction usually happens to children with separated parents, wherein
the child will be tricked by one parent to come with him/her and take
the child away from the other parent who has sole custody of the child.
This is usually because of an emotional disorder created when the
abductor feels that the child’s welfare and best interests are at risk or
that the child will be gone completely from his/her life. Sometimes,
abductions occur out of revenge. People take hostages during periods of
anger and deep loss, like abducting the child of an ex-lover for revenge
or blackmailing the ex-lover to think again about resuming their
relationship.
 ACTS OF TERROR
is the use of violence for political goals and
putting the public or a great number of
people in fear. The purpose of these terrorist
groups is to produce terror in their victims
through the use of violence, fear and
pressure.
Acts of terror may be categorized into six.
These are the following:
▪ State Terrorism
▪ Bioterrorism
▪ Cyberterrorism
▪ Ecoterrorism
▪ Nuclear Terrorism
▪ Narcoterrorism
➢ State terrorism – States or governments can use force or the threat of
force, without declaring war, to terrorize their citizens and achieve a
political goal.

➢ Bioterrorism – refers to the intentional release of toxic biological

agents to harm and terrorize civilians, in the name of a political or
other cause. It includes viruses, bacteria and toxins that could be
used in an attack, such as Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), Botulism
(Clostridium botulinum toxin), The Plague (Yersinia pestis), Smallpox
(Variola major), Tularemia (Francisella tula- rensis), and
Hemorrhagic fever, due to Ebola Virus or Marburg Virus.
➢ Cyberterrorism – is the use of information technology to attack
civilians and draw attention to the terrorists’ cause. This may mean
that they use computer systems or telecommunications as a tool to
carry out a traditional attack. More often, cyberterrorism refers to an
attack on information technology itself in a way that would
drastically disturb network services. For example, cyberterrorists
could disable networked emergency systems or hack into networks
housing important financial information.

➢ Ecoterrorism – the use of violence in the interests of

environmentalism. In general, environmental extremist destroy
property to inflict economic damage on industries or actors they see
as harming animals or the natural environment. These have included
fur companies, logging companies and animal research laboratories,
for example.
➢ Nuclear terrorism – refers to a number of different ways nuclear
materials might be used as a terrorist tactic. These include attacking
nuclear facilities, purchasing nuclear weapons, building nuclear
weapons, or otherwise finding ways to diffuse radioactive materials.

➢ Narcoterrorism – the use of violence by drug traffickers to influence

governments or prevent the government’s efforts in stopping the
drug trade. This may involve the assassination of influential persons
who are against drug trafficking or killing a government official who
leads an anti-drug trafficking agency.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
is an act that includes physical assault
(hitting, pushing, shoving, etc.), sexual
abuse (unwanted or forced sexual
activity), and verbal abuse.
Domestic violence includes abuse and actions such as:
▪ name-calling or putdowns
▪ keeping a partner from contacting his/her family or
friends
▪ withholding money/allowance or denying financial
support
▪ stopping a partner from getting or keeping a job
▪ actual or threatened physical harm
▪ sexual assault
▪ stalking
▪ intimidation
Anyone can be a victim, or is at risk of it, especially if
his/her partner:
▪ is very jealous and/or spies on him/her
▪ will not let him/her break off the relationship
▪ hurts him/her in any way, is violent, or brags about hurting
other people
▪ puts him/her down or makes him/her feel bad
▪ forces him/her to have sex or makes him/her afraid to say no
to sex
▪ abuses drugs or alcohol; pressures him/her to use drugs or
alcohol
▪ has a history of bad relationships and blames it on others
There are some children who experience domestic
violence in their homes. Their parents may think
that their children do not know about the violence,
but most of the time, the children are aware of it.
They can feel helpless, scared, and upset. Some of
them blame themselves as they feel like the
violence is their fault. Nevertheless, children in a
violent home experience different problems as they
grow up and these problems do not go away on their
own. They can be there even as the child gets older.
 SUICIDE
is the intentional taking of one’s own life.

PARASUICIDE
a suicide attempt in which a person does
not intend to die .
How will you recognize a person who has
suicidal tendencies? Oftentimes, the person
gives clues through his/her behavior and
speech. Some of these clues may be:
▪ talking about suicide or death
▪ writing farewell letters or giving away
valuable things to their friends and siblings
▪ showing changes in behavior, moods and
feelings
A Philippine study conducted for the development of a
suicide prevention strategy showed that commonly used
methods by those who decided to end their lives include
hanging, strangulation, and suffocation. For those who
tried to kill themselves but ended up with just injuries, the
preferred means ranged from self-poisoning (mainly
ingestion of silver cleaner) to exposure to other chemicals
and poisonous substances. Aside from these methods,
there were also cases of a drug overdose, using firearms to
kill oneself, jumping from heights, and drowning. And
among the youth, self-cutting has been observed in some of
those that suffer from major depression.
 VERBAL ABUSE
is a form of cruelty that involves the use of
words. These words are used to attack,
control, and cause harm on another person.
It includes behaviors such as angry outburst,
screaming rage, and name-calling, which
tends to blame, and brainwashes and
threatens a person.
▪ Verbal abuse is hurtful and usually
attacks the nature and abilities of the
person
▪ Verbal abuse may be abuse
▪ Verbal abuse is controlling
▪ Verbal abuse is dangerous
▪ Verbal abuse is fickle
▪ Verbal abuse usually worsens, increases
of strength, regularity, and assortment
 SEXUAL ABUSE
(Incest, Molestation and Rape)
Incest
is sexual contact between persons who are so
closely related that a marriage between them
is considered illegal (e.g., parents and children,
uncles/aunts and nieces/nephews, etc.).

Usually, incest takes the form of an older

family member having sexual relations or
sexually abusing a child or an adolescent.
Molestation
is the sexual abuse of a person (whether a
child or adult) by an adult for sexual pleasure
or for profit. It occurs when an individual sees
another individual as a sexual object and uses
this idea to satisfy his/her sexual urges and
fantasies, usually by subjecting their victim to
unwanted or improper sexual advances or
activity.
It may include any of the following:
▪ Fondling – to handle, stroke or caress lovingly or
erotically
▪ Mutual masturbation – two people touching each other’s
sexual organs for pleasure
▪ Sodomy – sexual intercourse that involves inserting of
the penis of one person into the anus of another person
▪ Coitus – sexual intercourse between a male and a female
involving the insertion of the penis into the vagina
▪ Child pornography – explicit portrayal of children as
sexual subject matter for purpose of sexual arousal
▪ Child prostitution - refers to children who get paid to
have sex
Rape
is forced sexual intercourse, including vaginal,
anal, or oral penetration. Penetration may be
by a body part or an object.
The sexual act may also be considered rape if it satisfies any
of the following criteria
▪ One or both people are not old enough to consent, which
means one or both are below 18 years old
▪ One of them does not have the capacity to consent,
which means one of them may not be in his/her right
mental and legal capacity to consent (i.e. with mental
disability, people who have been drugged or
unconscious, etc.)
▪ One of them did not agree to take part, which means the
rapist might use physical force or threat to force the
victim to have intercourse with him/her