Chapter 15
Prevents Accidents and Emergencies
Short Answer Questions
1. What is a workplace emergency?
A workplace emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs
immediate attention and action, and may cause physical,
environmental, or safety risks to employees.
2. How do you protect yourself, your employees, and your business?
The best way to protect yourself and your organization is to develop a
well-thought-out emergency action plan to guide the employees in the
event of an emergency.
3. What is an Emergency Action Plan?
An Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is a written document that contains
procedures and instructions to help people respond quickly and safely
to emergencies such as fire, earthquake, chemical spills, medical
emergencies, or other dangers.
4. What should your emergency action plan include?
An emergency action plan should include the following:
1. Types of Emergencies: E.g., Fire, earthquake, flood, medical
emergency etc.
2. Emergency procedures: Step-by-step actions to take during each
type of emergency.
3. Evacuation plans: Clearly marked escape routes, exit doors and
assembly points.
4. Roles and responsibilities: Assign duties to key people.
5. Emergency contact information
6. First aid and medical assistance.
7. Training and drills.
8. Alerting staff and visitors about the emergency.
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5. How do you develop an evacuation policy and procedures?
6. How do you establish evacuation routes and exits?
Leave the building immediately using the nearest exit.
Help customers or people with disabilities to move safely.
Carry only small belongings; do not return for items.
Avoid lifts or escalators—use stairs instead.
Go to the emergency assembly area and report any missing persons.
7. What are the various types of fire extinguishers and their extinguishing
materials?
1. Water
2. Foam
3. Dry chemical powder
4. Carbon dioxide
5. ABC dry powder
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8. What are the steps for operating a fire extinguisher in case of fire
emergency?
Steps to Use a Fire Extinguisher (PASS Method)
1. Pull the safety pin and break the seal.
2. Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
3. Squeeze the handle to release the agent.
4. Sweep from side to side.
9. Compare the different types of fire extinguisher.
Water extinguishers are used for Class A fires (paper, wood, cloth) by
cooling the fire.
Mechanical foam extinguishers are used for Class A and B fires by
covering the fire and cutting off oxygen.
Dry chemical powder extinguishers are used for Class B, C, D fire
types by smothering the fire.
Carbon dioxide extinguishers are used for Class B and C fires by
removing oxygen and cooling.
ABC dry powder extinguishers are suitable for all classes (A, B, C,
D) and stop the fire quickly by blocking oxygen.
10. List the different classes of fire.
Class A Material: Materials such as wood, cloth, and paper, which
won’t ignite on their own but will continue to burn once exposed to a
heat source.
Class B Material: All liquid, grease, and gas materials that burn when
exposed to ignition sources.
Class C Material: Electrical materials and equipment. These materials
cause fires very quickly and present a serious risk of arc flash.
Class D Material: Any materials that are volatile and able to quickly
ignite, such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium.
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11. List out electrical rescue techniques.
Approaching the accident
• Never rush into an accident situation.
• Call 108 as soon as possible.
• Approach the accident place cautiously.
Examining the scene
• Visually examine victims if they are in contact with energised
conductors.
• Metal surfaces, objects near the victim itself may be energised.
• Do not touch the victim or conductive surfaces while they are
energised.
• Switch off the electrical circuits if possible.
Hazards and solutions
• Be alert for hazards, such as heated surfaces and fire.
• In case you cannot switch off the power source, take extreme care.
• Ensure that your hands and feet are dry.
• Wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes. Stand on a
clean dry surface.
• Use non-conductive material to remove a victim from the conductor.
High voltage rescue
• Special training is required for rescues if high voltage is present.
• Protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes must be worn.
12. What is the first aid for electrical emergencies?
If someone has been shocked by electricity, you should
1. Unplug the appliance or turn off the power. If you can’t turn off the
power, use a piece of wood to separate the victim from the power
source.
2. Do not touch the victim or any metal objects while they are
energised.
3. Call 108 for emergency services.
4. If the person is not breathing, provide CPR and seek medical
attention.
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