5.
Nails Bohr proposed model of atom which successfully explained objections raised against
Rutherford model of atom. Atom consists of discrete orbits which are quantized along which
electrons travel without losing energy. The energy level is proportional to its size and when
electron jumps between orbits its energy level will change to the orbit energy level. Bohr
further suggested a scheme for electron distribution in orbits given by 2n 2 where n denotes
orbit number.
(a) State the objections raised against Rutherford Model of the atom?
(b) The orbits are represented by K L M N. Identify orbit with highest and lowest energy
level?
(c ) How an electron forced to jump from lower to higher energy orbit?
(d) According to Bohr-Bury scheme of electron distribution calculate number of electrons
present in 3rd orbit?
ANSWERS FOR MCQs
1. Neutron
2. N shell can accommodate maximum of 32 electrons
209
3. X84 and 210X84 Are isotopes
4. Chlorine
5. Most part of the atom is empty
6. b.1,2 and 3
7. c.1
8. d.10
9. a. cathode is perforated
10. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
11. (b)
12. (b)
13. (c)
14. (a)
15. (a)
16. 31
X
15
17. (d)
18. a. C, O, Mg
19. (c)
20. (d)
21. c) Electrons and protons have opposite charges of the same magnitude
22. (a) Most of the space in an atom is empty.
23. (d) If electrons revolve continuously, why do they not lose energy and collapse in the nucleus?
24. (b)The maximum number of electrons present in a shell is given by the formula 2n.
25. (a)2, 8, 6
26. 31 – 15 = 16
27. Positive , +1
28. (b) 6
29. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
30. (d) A is false, but R is true.
31. (a) Atomic nucleus
32. (d) 2, 8, 1
33. False
34. Electron
35. Yes, Its duplet is complete. Hence the valency is zero.
36. False
37. No
38. 1
39. (a)
40. As per Rutherford’s model of an atom, the positively charged protons are the ones that are
present in the atom.
41. (b)
42. (c)
43. (d)
44. (d)
45. (b)
46. (a)
47. (a)
48. (d)
49. (b)
50. (c)
ANSWERS FOR VSA ( 2 MARKS)
1. 2,8,7 .there are 8 electrons in the L shell
2. 3
2
4
1
3. JJ Thomson Model Rutherford Model
[Link] charge forms a kernell [Link] is in the centre
[Link] present throughout the atom [Link] revolve in orbit
4. (i) Beryllium (Be) and Oxygen (O)
(ii) a) Element with 2 electrons
5. (i) c) 23
(ii) 11, 11, 12
6. a. EC: fig.(a) = 2,8,8. As its K,L and M shells are completely filled, its valency will be zero. It is
an inert gas, argon(Ar).
b. EC: fig.(b) = 2,7. As it has seven electrons in its valence shell, it can gain one electron to
complete the octet, so its valency is one. This atom belongs to the element fluorine (F).
7. (i) Beryllium (Be) and Oxygen (O)
(ii) a) Element with 2 electrons
8. (i) c) 23
(ii) 11, 11, 12
9. Cations – I, II
Anions – III, IV
10. K shell can hold 2 electrons. L shell can hold 8 electrons. Hence, when both the shells are
full, the total number of electrons present in the atom = 2+8 = 10 electrons.
11. i)The atomic number of an atom is the same as the number of protons in that atom; hence,
its atomic number is 8.
ii) both the charges – positive and negative – neutralise each other. Therefore, the atom
does not possess any charge.
12. 1.(c)
2. No
13. Thomson proposed that (i) An atom consist of positively charged sphere and elect4rons are
embedded in it.
(ii) The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude.
14. Number of electrons present in outermost shell is called valence electrons where as number
of electrons shared or gained or lost to achieve fully-filled outermost shell is called valency.
15. Radio-active elements emits alpha particle.
It is double charged helium atom He++
ANSWERS FOR SA ( 3 MARKS)
1. CuBr2
Al[NO3]3
Ca3[PO4]2
Fe2S3
Hgcl2
Mg[CH3COO]2
2. [Link] atomic number of Rn.=86
[Link] number = 86
[Link] number = 86
[Link]. Of Neutron = Atomic mass-Atomic no.
=222-86
=136
3. The electronic distribution of a,b,c,d and e are given below-
K L M N
a 2 2
b 2 7
c 2 8 3
d 2 8 7
e 2 8 8 2
Valency are the elements are-
a-2
b-1
c-3
d-1
e-2
4. 35.5 u
5.
Element Atomic Number Mass Number Valency
X 5 11 3
Y 8 18 2
Z 15 31 3,5
6. a. 17, 35
b. EC= 2, 8, 7 : 1
c. Chlorine : Cl-37 , 37
Cl
17
7. 35.5 u
8.
Element Atomic Number Mass Number Valency
X 5 11 3
Y 8 18 2
Z 15 31 3,5
9.
A13
26
B
14
26
Electrons 13 14
Protons 13 14
Neutrons 13 12
Both are isobars.
10. Atomic mass = number of protons + number of neutrons
4 = 2 + number of neutrons
Number of neutrons = 4 – 2 = 2
Hence, Helium has 2 neutrons.
11. i)Mass number of X: Protons + neutrons = 6+6 = 12
Mass number of Y: Protons + neutrons = 6+8 = 14
ii) They are isotopes
12. i)B because of one electron in outermost shell, which it lose and have 1 unit positive charge.
ii)F because of six electrons in outermost shell, it will gain 2 electrons and have 2 units of
negative charge.
iii)C, as it has 8 electrons in outermost shell.
13. (a) 2x42 = 2x4x4 = 32
(b) 2, 8, 3
(c)
14. (a) 14-7 = 7, 40-18 = 22
(b) Electron distribution - 2 ,1 Valency – 1
(c) Isobar
15. (a) Isotopes of Oxygen
(b) The subscripts represents atomic number and superscripts represents mass number
(c) Different number of neutrons in the given atoms
16.
17.
18.
ANSWERS FOR CBQ ( 4 MARKS)
1. (i) 32
(ii) Aluminium
(iii) 2,8,2
(iv) True
2. a. (i) (b) (iv) (c) (ii)
a. Element A is a non-metal. OR (d) the compound is MgA
2
3. (i) 32
(ii) Aluminium
(iii) 2,8,2
(iv) True
4. (i) Rutherford wanted a very thin layer. The gold foil used was of 1000 atoms thick.
(ii) An alpha particle is a positively charged helium ion.
(iii) Most of the spaces in an atom is empty.
(iv) The number of proton in the nucleus is equal to the number of electron.
5. [Link] atomic number -18(2,8,8) The complete octet in the outer atomic shell makes argon
stable and resistant to bonding with other elements.
2.(b) 1.0
3. (c) Cl, Mg
[Link] of protons=7, number of neutrons=7, atomic mass= no. of
protons+ no. of neutrons=7+7=14
6. [Link].
2. (a)
[Link] number= number of protons+ number of neutrons in any given atom. Here, mass
number is 27 and there are 14 neutrons hence protons=27-14=13. In a neutral atom,
number of protons=number of electrons. Hence in this case the number of electrons in the
neutral atom will be 13. Now, since the atom carries +3 charge hence it will have 13-3=10
electrons.
7. (a) If atoms of an element occur in two or more isotopic forms than its mass is taken as
average mass of all its isotopes. Hence it is mostly fractional.
If an element has no any isotopic forms then its mass is whole number.
(b) Average mass = 63x75/100+65x25/100 = 63.5
8. (a) Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment.
(b) Observation-
(i) Most of the alpha particle passed the Gold foil un-deviated straight
(ii) Few alpha particles deviated at smaller angle and a few alpha particles deviated at
larger angle.
Conclusion
(i) Most of the space in the atom is empty
(ii) Mass of the atom is concentrated in the centre which is positively charged.
(c) Nucleus
9.
10.
11.
12.
KEY 5 MARKS
1. 1) c
(2) a
(3) d
(4) b
(5) Neil’s Bohr put forward the following postulates about the model of an atom:
• Only certainspecial orbits known as discrete orbits of electrons, are allowed inside the atom.
• While revolving in discrete orbits the electrons do not radiate energy.
2. i) The charge would be positive and its value would be +3.
(ii) -2
(iii) MO
(iv) XCl 2
(v) Al = 13-3 =10
3+
S = 16 + 2 = 18
2-
3. (i) The charge would be positive and its value would be +3.
(ii) -2
(iii) MO
(iv) XCl 2
(v) Al = 13-3 =10
3+
S = 16 + 2 = 18
2-
4. [Link] ion or Na + . As in positive ions number of protons are more than number of
electrons.
2. i) lose 2 electrons as there are 2 electrons in outermost shell
ii) Neon, atomic number of Ne is 10.
3. their nuclei contain different number of protons.
4. (b) 8
5.
(a) Any particle in circular orbit undergoes acceleration. Hence electron also follows the
same.
During acceleration charge particle(electron) radiate energy and finally fall into nucleus.
(b) Highest energy orbit-N, Lowest energy orbit - K
(c) By heating or supplying any other form of energy
(d) Number of electrons present in 3rd orbit = 2x32 = 2x3x3=18