lOMoARcPSD|24049219

2025 Angle Construction

Civil engineering (The Sigalagala National Polytechnic)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

61ST KENYA SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FAIR

CATEGORY : MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE

TITTLE : WADE ANGLE CONSTRUCTION

PRESENTERS 1. DENNIS OSHARIA

2. BEN WANJALA

SCHOOL : CHAMASIRI SECONDARY SCHOOL

SUBCOUNTY : TESO NORTH

COUNTY : BUSIA

LEVEL : COUNTY

VENUE : NAMBALE URBAN SECONDARY

DATE : 11TH -14TH MARCH, 2025

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

DECLARATION
STUDENT DECLARATION

This write up is our original work and has never been presented by any student in any
science and engineering fair.

NAME: DENNIS OSHARIA ADM NO: 4207 CLASS: 3Y

DATE: ……………… SIGN…………………….

NAME: BEN WANJALA ADM NO: 4090 CLASS: 3Y

DATE:………… SIGN……………………

SCIENCE PATRON’S DECLARATION

I have supervised the work done and checked this document and confirmed that is
good for presentation. The work was done under supervision of:

SUPERVISOR: MILKA NASIMIYU SIGN………………. …

DATE: 11/03/2025

PRINCIPAL: OPUWA B MAURICE: SIGN……………………

DATE: 11/03/2025

ii

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

ABSTRACT
This project aims at constructing any angle using a ruler and a pair of compass only
provided that you are given the baseline and the angle to be constructed. This project is
given the title “WADE’S angle construction” and it’s stated by the formula L = ɵ X x/60 where
ɵ is the angle to be constructed, x is the base line, 60 is the constant value and L is the slope
where the angle to be constructed passes. This method is very accurate and saves time since it is
very easy to apply. In our current curriculum, the angles which can only be constructed using a
ruler and a pair of compasses only have been 150 , 300 , 450,600 ,750, 900,1050 ,1200, 1500 and
some few ones not mentioned. For instance, one cannot construct an angle like 430
without using a protractor. The main idea was borrowed from the construction of angle 60
degrees that we learnt at form one level. That is the reason why 60 is constant in WADE’S
formula. This project is aimed at making mathematics more fun, easy and time saving
since the method used in the construction is not complicated but very easy and accurate.

The project is so relevant in our daily life since construction is an area in

mathematics which is required in courses such as engineering , survey and architecture ;
hence if well manipulated , the work of constructions like bridges and housing
constructions will be so effective. This project if well applied will provide a lasting solution
to the current problem facing the housing industry in our major cities like Nairobi. For example,
a number of houses have collapsed in Nairobi, kiambu and other major towns in recent past,
leading to destruction of property and loss of life.

iv

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our appreciations go to the following people for the support they gave towards the success of
this project.

1. Our principal, Mr. OPUWA B MAURICE, for buying us the required materials towards
our project.
2. Our patron, MADAM MILKA NASIMIYU, for providing valuable skills and
knowledge towards this project.
3. Our mathematics teacher Mr. simiyu David for equipping us with mathematical concept,
advice and providing us with construction equipment required

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

Contents
DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................................ii
KSEF PLAGIARISM FORM…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………iii

ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii
TABLE OF DIAGRAMS..............................................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Apparatus...........................................................................................................................................4
3.2 Procedure...........................................................................................................................................4
3.3 OBSERVATION...........................................................................................................................4
TABLE 1.............................................................................................................................................5
TABLE 2.................................................................................................................................................5
3.5 CONCLUSION FROM THE DATA.................................................................................................5
3.6 VARIABLES.........................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................................................8
4. O DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION..............................................................................8
4. 1 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION...............................................................................8
CHAPTER FIVE..............................................................................................................................................9
5.0 CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................................9
5.1 RECOMMENDATION........................................................................................................................9
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................................10

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

TABLE OF DIAGRAMS

Figure 1.01………………………………………………………………………………….pg 7
Figure
1.02………………………………………………………………………………………….pg 7

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background information

In KCSE 2023, maths paper 1 question 24 and KCSE 2024 maths paper 1 question 8, it was
recorded that most students were not able to score the question due to poor construction of angles
using a ruler and a pair of compasses only. Our project will help solve such cases because it is
the easiest way.

In most of our syllabus curriculum, they have only dealt with construction of all angles but only
a few special angles like 90, 60, 45, [Link] project will aim at constructing any angle using a
ruler and a pair of compass only.

1.2 Statement of the problem / Research questions / Originality

Statement of the problem

Most students have the problem of constructing angles when given only a compass and
a ruler, as it was identified during the marking of KCSE PAPER 1 2023 question 24. and kcse
pp12024 question 8.

Research question

How to construct any angle given with a base line using only a compass and a ruler?

Originality

It was in January 2024 during our math club meeting with our math teacher madam MILKA, she
was highlighting key areas where students performed poorly in KCSE MATHS 2024, one of
them being constructing angle using a ruler and a pair of compass only. Therefore we decided
to come up with WADE’S formula in order to solve this problem related to
construction.

1.3 Relevance

Our project is relevant in such a way that it tries to solve the time wasted by
students in answering questions as far as construction is concern.

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

1.4 Objectives

 To find out ways of constructing any angle when given base line, an
angle itself, a compass and a ruler only.

1.5 MERITS AND DEMERITS

Merits

(i) It is the easiest and quickest method in construction.

(ii) Saves time in construction.
(iii) It improves the performance of mathematics in schools.
(iv) It improves the learning skills of students hence promoting positive attitude
towards mathematics.

Demerits/Limitations

Sometimes base lines and where a slope of an angle passes, vary depending on the angle
to be constructed.

1.6 PRECAUTIONS

1. Lengths should be measured accurate to get accurate angle at the end.

2. 60 should not be changed in formula since it will lead to inaccurate angle.

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

In the book Morgan, M. (1972). Mathematics Patel book 2: New York Houghton Miffin 3rd
Edition, Page 123, question on angle requires more time to construct because it needs
many steps like bisecting. Al this come about If you want to construct 30 0 you need to
construct 600 and then bisect to get 300. And also if you want 150 you need to bisect
300 to get it. But according to our formula it does not need knowledge of bisecting
because it needs only two steps to consider thus it facilitates time management because if
you compare the time of using WADE’S formula you take few minutes to construct
required angle. Therefore this method enhances neatness and presentable work. And also,
under the previous experiment on the same project , it was not satisfactory because
independent variables were not used. However, we can conclude that our formula is the
easiest to use when constructing. So we wish that our formula to be put into consideration.

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Apparatus
 A compass
 30cm ruler
 A pencil
 Drawing book
 protractor
 calculator

3.2 Procedure
Draw line AB of any distance e.g. 6cm
Take a compass place it exactly at A and make an arc at B either upwards or
downwards.
Using WADE’S formula L=Ɵ X x/60 and then calculate L

Where;

 L- is where a slope of an angle passes

 X- is a baseline
 Ɵ- angle to be constructed
 600-is constant.
e.g. L=25X6/60
=2.5cm
 After getting L, use your compass to measure the length L and Place your
compass point at B then cut the arc at the side you would like to construct the
required angle
 Join a slope line from point A to where two arcs intersect at each other.
 Measure the angle for approval

3.3 OBSERVATION
The value of X (baseline) and L vary in the formula according to the angle to be
constructed. The following table shows the various angles obtained when different lengths
are used.
4

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

3.4 DATA FROM OBSERVATION

TABLE 1

Angle to be constructed X L
15 6CM 1.5CM
20 6CM 2.0CM
25 6CM 2.5CM
30 6CM 3.0CM
35 6CM 3.5CM
40 6CM 4.0CM
45 6C M 4.5CM

TABLE 2
Angle to be constructed X L
15 4CM 1.33CM
20 4CM 1.67CM
25 4CM 2.00CM
30 4CM 2.33CM
35 4CM 2.67CM
40 4CM 3.00CM
45 4C M 3.33CM

3.5 CONCLUSION FROM THE DATA

Our data has been depicted from varying the values of a baseline of the angles to be
constructed the same time noting what happens with the angle assuming baseline is X
cm then we calculate the value of L as shown above in the WADE’S formula.

3.6 VARIABLES
Dependent variables

1. The baseline, any line of any length can be used

2. Angle to be constructed, any angle can be constructed

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

Independent variables

1. The length, L, as the angle to be constructed increase the length, L also increases.

Figure 1.01

Figure 1.02

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

CHAPTER FOUR
4. O DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Angle to be constructed X L
15 6CM 1.5CM
20 6CM 2.0CM
25 6CM 2.5CM
30 6CM 3.0CM
35 6CM 3.5CM
40 6CM 4.0CM
45 6C M 4.5CM

A graph of angle to be constructed against length

As the angle to be constructed increases, the length, (L) increases

4. 1 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Angle to be constructed X L
15 4CM 1.33CM
20 4CM 1.67CM
25 4CM 2.00CM
30 4CM 2.33CM
35 4CM 2.67CM
40 4CM 3.00CM
45 4C M 3.33CM

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
In our project, we entailed the construction of angles by use of WADE’S formula which
provide the required angle hence saving time and enhances neatness. We therefore
conclude that our formula is the easiest method of constructing angles hence saving on
time and enhances neatness.

5.1 RECOMMENDATION
We therefore call upon academic organizations, individual or institution of higher learning
especially in mathematics department to do some further research on it and come up with a
more enhanced technique of constructing angles using the WADE method

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

10

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

REFERENCE

1. [Link]

2. Morgan, M. (1972). Mathematics Patel book 2: New York Houghton Miffin 3rd
Edition. Page 123.

11

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|24049219

12

Downloaded by Dennis Kereu (denniskereu@[Link])