STATICS
Dr. Duong Viet Anh
Department of Energy
5. General theorems of dynamics
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum
+ The principle of impulse and momentum will be useful for solving
problems involving force, velocity, and time.
+ We can obtain the principle of impulse and momentum by integrating
the equation of motion with respect to time.
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum
t2
mv1 + Fdt = mv2
t1
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a System of
Particles
t2
Fi = mi ai mi (vi )1 + Fi dt = mi (vi ) 2
t1
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Example 1: The tanker has a mass of 130 Gg. If it is originally at rest,
determine its speed when t = 10 s. The horizontal thrust provided by its
propeller varies with time as shown in the graph. Neglect the effect of
water resistance.
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Example 2: The 20-lb cabinet is subjected to the force F = (3 + 2t) lb,
where t is in seconds. If the cabinet is initially moving down the plane
with a speed of 6 ft/s, determine how long for the force to bring the
cabinet to rest. F always acts parallel to the plane.
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Example 3: The 12-Mg "jump jet" is capable of taking off vertically
from the deck of a ship. If its jets exert a constant vertical force of 150
kN on the plane, determine its velocity and how high it goes in t = 6 s,
starting from rest. Neglect the loss of fuel during the lift
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Example 4: If cylinder A is given an initial downward speed of 2 m/s,
determine the speed of each cylinder when t = 3 s. Neglect the mass of
the pulleys.
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles
mi (vi )1 = mi (vi ) 2
→ The conservation of linear momentum is often applied when particles
collide or interact.
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles
mi (vi )1 = mi (vi ) 2
→ It states that the total linear momentum for a system of particles
remains constant during the time period t1 to t2.
→ The velocity vG of the mass center for the system of particles does not
change if no external impulses are applied to the system
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles
→ Generally, the principle of linear impulse and momentum or the conservation
of linear momentum is applied to a system of particles in order to determine the
final velocities of the particles just after the time period considered
Example 4: The 15-Mg boxcar A is coasting at 1.5 m/s on the horizontal track
when it encounters a 12-Mg tank car B coasting at 0.75 m/s toward it as shown in
Fig below. If the cars collide and couple together, determine
(a) the speed of both cars just after the coupling, and
(b) the average force between them if the coupling takes place in 0.8 s
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Example 5: The bumper cars A and B in Fig. below each have a mass of
150 kg and are coasting with the velocities shown before they freely
collide head on. If no energy is lost during the collision, determine their
velocities after collision.
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Example 6: A railroad car having a mass of 15 Mg is coasting at 1.5 m/s
on a horizontal track. At the same time another car having a mass of 12 Mg
is coasting at 0.75 m/s in the opposite direction. If the cars meet and couple
together, determine the speed of both cars just after the coupling. Find the
difference between the total kinetic energy before and after coupling has
occurred, and explain qualitatively what happened to this energy.
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Example 7: The car A has a weight of 4500 lb and is traveling to the
right at 3 ft/s. Meanwhile a 3000-lb car B is traveling at 6 ft/s to the left.
If the cars crash head-on and become entangled, determine their common
velocity just after the collision. Assume that the brakes are not applied
during collision
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Angular Momentum
( HO )z = (d )(mv) H O = r mv
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Relation Between Moment of a Force and Angular Momentum
MO = HO
→ the resultant moment about point O of all the
forces acting on the particle is equal to the time rate
of change of the particle’s angular momentum about
point O
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum
2−D
t2 t2
Angular impulse = M O dt = (r F )dt
t1 t1
1. Impulse and Momentum
➢ Conservation of Angular Momentum
( H O )1 = ( H O ) 2
( H O )1 = ( H O ) 2