Annexure-1
Sl. Condition Condition Extent & Severity Type of maintenance
No. State of Distress
1 Excellent Sound structural Only constructional No need of repair except
condition; component do deficiencies may be routine maintenance.
not individually or as a present. Extent of
whole impair the strength, deficiencies is nil or
stability, traffic safety, insignificant.
durability and Severity of
serviceability of the deficiencies is very
structure. low.
2 Good More than satisfactory Extent of deficiencies Specialized maintenance
structural condition; is minor; Severity of and repairs may be
component do not deficiencies is low. needed at convenience.
individually or as a whole
impair strength/stability:
traffic safety, durability
and/or serviceability of
the structure might be
impaired slightly in the
long term.
3 Fair Satisfactory structural Extent of deficiencies Specialized maintenance
condition; strength, is major; Severity and repairs needed soon.
stability and traffic safety of deficiencies is
of the components/ medium.
structure is assured
however considerable
reduction is possible in the
long term; serviceability
and durability of the
affected component is
reduced and durability
of the structure might be
impaired considerably in
the long term.
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Sl. Condition Condition Extent & Severity Type of maintenance
No. State of Distress
4 Poor Structurally deficient Extent of deficiencies Rehabilitation/
bridge; strength/stability/ is large; Severity of replacement on
traffic safety no longer deficiencies is high. program basis is
assured; durability may needed; measures for
be affected in short term; reconstruction or warning
monitoring is required; signs for upholding traffic
restriction of use of the safety might be necessary
bridge may be needed. in the short-term; detailed
investigations and
economic analysis is
required for justification
of funds.
5 Critical Weak structural condition; Extent of deficiencies Repair/rehabilitation/
partial failure or risk is very large/ replacement is required
of total failure of the expensive; Severity immediately; design
component or as a whole; of deficiencies is strength, expected
durability of the structure very high. serviceability and desired
is no longer ensured; remaining service life of
immediate propping of a component/bridge can
the structure and closing no more be achieved with
may be required. economic costs.
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Annexure-2
Sl. Name of Type of Distress Remedial measures
No. Component
Foundations
1 Open Foundation (a) Erosion of soil/ exposure (a1) Protection byboulders, crates,
of footing concrete blocks etc.
(a2) Floor protection
(a3) Construction of spur / dykes
(b) Undermining (b1) Filling undermined portion by non-
erodible material and protection
as per (a1) above.
(b2) Grouting
(b3) Apron
(c) Cracking and spalling (c1) Treatment of cracks and spalls
Jacketing
(d) Settlement (d1) Regaining stability by base
treatment, strengthening by
increasing size and modification
of footing by re-building new
footing around it.
2 Pile Foundation (a) Erosion of concrete above (a1) Rectification by high strength
(Concrete piles) scour level and splash concrete
including caps zone (a2) Steel lining
(b) Settlement (b1) Stabilizing of soil
(b2) Review design of foundation &
sub-structure and provide suitable
measures including redesign &
re-construction of necessary
components
(b3) Modification of pile group by
adding new pile/piles
(c) Disintegration/cracking (c1) Removal of damaged concrete
and Re-building of section by
suitable concrete in the damaged
portion
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Sl. Name of Type of Distress Remedial measures
No. Component
3 Well Foundation (a) Tilting & Shifting beyond (a1) Review design of foundation &
the initial levels at the time sub-structure and provide suitable
of commissioning measures including redesign &
re-construction of necessary
components
(b) Cracking (b1) Treatment of cracks and spalls
(b2) Stitching
(b3) Filling the well with concrete to
relieve load on steining
(c) Excessive scour (c1) Garlanding with or without
Peripheral Piling
Sub-Structure
4 Abutment, Pier (a) Crushing, disintegration (a) As per Table 5.1(1)
Abutment caps cracks, spalling, honey
and Pier cap combing etc.
(b) Lateral deflection beyond (b) Improvement/control by stiffening
design limit
Bearings
5 Steel Rocker and • Tilting • Resetting/Re-alignment
Roller Bearings • Flat roller • Cleaning and greasing
• Displacement • Replacement
• Breaking of lugs and keys
• Sliding in transverse
direction
• Corrosion of steel
• Pedestal damage
6 Elastomeric • Damages including Replacement
Bearings embrittlement of
elastomer
• Cracking and tearing
• Displacement
7 Pot Bearings • PTFE/Elastomer and Replacement
fixtures
• Displacement
• Failure of elastomeric
piston/disc
Note : Repairs for bearings can be used in isolation or combination
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Sl. Name of Type of Distress Remedial measures
No. Component
Super-Structure
8 Girders Beams • Deflection Strengthening in shear and flexure by
and Slabs • Cracking (dead / steel plates, FRP or external
dormant), spalling and prestressing
damage to Concrete
Treatment by grouting and/or filler
• Displacement material micro concrete and by FRP
Realignment by lifting and correcting
the position of superstructure
9 Deck system Cracks (dead / dormant), • Overlaying
spalling, peeling and damage • Re-casting
to concrete
10 Expansion Joints Non-functioning of joints due Replacement by new modern joints.
to Clogging or wearing out
and failure of anchoring
system,
11 Appurtenances Damages and non- Repairs & replacement as necessary
functioning
12 Super structure Sagging at the end of Construction of continuity girder
of balanced balanced cantilever
cantilever bridge
13 Approach slab Settlement and damage of Relaying of slab
slab
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Annexure-3
Sl. Nature of Distress Cause of Distress Principal Possible Measures for Remedy
No.
1 • Cracking (A) Mechanical • Crack Filling: By Injection of suitable
• Delamination Impact, Overloading, grouting and/or filler material after
• Spalling Movement, sealing them, Active cracks due to
• Disintegration Settlement, corrosion, ASR or foundation settlement
Explosion, Vibration, etc. should not be injection grouted.
Seismic • Concrete Restoration: By Hand applied
mortar, Spraying of mortar (Guniting),
Spraying of concrete (Shotcreting),
Recasting of concrete, Replacement of
old element by new one.
• Structural Strengthening: By Addition
of new reinforcement externally,
Bonding of steel plates, Wrapping/
Bonding by Fiber Reinforced Plastic
(FRP), Encasing the member partly or
wholly either by concrete or by mortar or
ultra-high performance concrete
reinforced or non-reinforced, Addition of
new reinforcement by drilling holes &
embedding in concrete, Prestressing by
external cables.
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Sl. Nature of Distress Cause of Distress Principal Possible Measures for Remedy
No.
2 (B) Chemical • Protection against Ingress: By Sealing
Alkali Aggregate & Injection of cracks (for dormant / dead
Reaction, cracks only), of cracks, Impregnation of
Aggressive surface, Application of membranes,
Agents(Acids, Salts Surface coating, Providing external
(sulphates, panels.
phosphates, etc.), • Moisture Control: By Coating of the
Biological Activities exposed surface, Cladding over the
surface, Impregnation of hydrophobic
material.
• Increasing Resistance to Chemicals:
By Overlays, Coatings, Impregnation
3 (C) Physical • Protection against ingress
• Shrinkage, • Moisture control
• Erosion,
• Wear and Tear, • Structural strengthening
• Fire • Increasing Physical Resistance: By
Overlays, Coatings, Impregnation
4 Uniform Carbonation of • Preserving or restoring passivity
Corrosion: Concrete • Control of Anodic areas.
Cracking &
Delamination
5 Pitting & Corrosive • Cathodic control
Stress contaminants: • Cathodic protection
corrosion: Sodium chloride,
Spalling Calcium chloride & • Chloride of anodic areas
Others • Restoring passivity
6 Scaling of Severe progress of Local replacement of steel reinforcement
steel: severe corrosion due to or
loss of above effects part or full replacement of the member
surface area
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