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Injective Functions Quick Notes

An injective function is defined as one where different inputs yield different outputs, meaning f(x1) = f(x2) implies x1 = x2. Common examples include linear functions with nonzero slopes being injective, while quadratic and sine functions are not injective over their entire domains but can be on restricted intervals. Typical exam questions involve proving injectivity for specific functions and determining intervals for injectivity.

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5 views1 page

Injective Functions Quick Notes

An injective function is defined as one where different inputs yield different outputs, meaning f(x1) = f(x2) implies x1 = x2. Common examples include linear functions with nonzero slopes being injective, while quadratic and sine functions are not injective over their entire domains but can be on restricted intervals. Typical exam questions involve proving injectivity for specific functions and determining intervals for injectivity.

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Injective (One-to-One) Functions — Quick Notes

1. Definition:
A function f: A → B is injective (one-to-one) if different inputs give different outputs.
That is, f(x1) = f(x2) ⇒ x1 = x2. If f(x1) = f(x2) but x1 ≠ x2, then it is NOT injective.

2. Quick Test:
• Assume f(x1) = f(x2) and simplify.
• If this leads to x1 = x2, the function is injective.
• If any other relation (like x1 = -x2) appears, it is not injective.

3. Common Examples:
a) f(x) = 2x + 3 → Injective (Linear with nonzero slope).
b) f(x) = x² → Not injective on R (since f(2)=f(-2)), injective for x≥0.
c) f(x) = sin x → Not injective on R; injective on [-π/2, π/2].
d) f(x) = log x → Injective (strictly increasing, domain x>0).
e) f(x) = |x| → Not injective (since f(2)=f(-2)).

4. Typical Exam Questions:


1■■ Prove f(x)=3x−5 is injective.
2■■ Find intervals where f(x)=x² is injective.
3■■ Check if f(x)=log|x| is injective.
4■■ Determine if f(x)=e^x is one-one.
5■■ Is f(x)=sin x injective on [0, 2π]?

5. Summary Table:
Function Type | Injective? | Note
------------------ | --------- | ----------------------
Linear (mx+c, m≠0) | Yes | Always one-to-one
Quadratic (x²) | No | Yes if domain ≥0
Sine / Cosine | No | Yes on restricted interval
Logarithmic | Yes | Strictly increasing
Exponential | Yes | Strictly monotonic

— End of Notes — | Made for CBSE Class 12 Revision

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