TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur.)
Kadapa Road, Tadipatri (M), Anantapur (Dist) – 515411. ✆ 8886688068.
email id: civilhod@[Link], Website: [Link]
Department Of Civil Engineering
(23A01601) DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES
UNIT – I: STRUCTURAL STEEL & CONNECTIONS

1. Explain the properties of structural steel, I.S. rolled sections, and the concept of Limit State Design as
applied to steel structures.

2. Describe the design procedure for simple and eccentric bolted and welded connections. Explain types
of failures and joint efficiency.

3. What is prying action? Explain its effects on bolted connections. Write a note on HSFG bolts and their
applications.

UNIT – II: TENSION & COMPRESSION MEMBERS

1. Explain the behaviour and design of tension members. Discuss shear lag effect, lug angles, and tension
splicing with examples.

2. Describe Euler’s column theory. Explain the behaviour of short and long compression members and
design of built-up columns with lacing and battens.

3. Discuss the design of column bases. Differentiate between slab base and gusseted base with design
steps.

UNIT – III: DESIGN OF BEAMS

1. Explain the design of laterally supported and laterally unsupported steel beams. Include bending,
shear, deflection, and lateral-torsional buckling.

2. Discuss the design procedure for built-up beams. Explain when built-up sections are used and the role
of cover plates and stiffeners.

3. Describe the design of plate girders—components, design of web, flanges, stiffeners, and shear
buckling considerations.

UNIT – IV: INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES

1. Explain the design of roof trusses. Discuss loads on trusses, load combinations, and the procedure for
designing joints and end bearings.

2. Discuss purlin design using angle and channel sections. Explain how purlins transfer loads to the
trusses.

3. Explain the design of a gantry girder. Discuss loads acting (crane load, impact, wind), components, and
design steps. Write a short note on Pre-Engineered Buildings (PEB).
 TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur.)
Kadapa Road, Tadipatri (M), Anantapur (Dist) – 515411. ✆ 8886688068.
email id: civilhod@[Link], Website: [Link]
Department Of Civil Engineering
UNIT – V: PLASTIC ANALYSIS & DESIGN

1. Explain the concept and theory of plastic analysis. Describe plastic hinge formation and collapse
mechanism.

2. Using the plastic analysis approach, explain the design of continuous beams including determination
of collapse loads.

3. Explain the plastic design of portal frames. Discuss possible collapse mechanisms and evaluation of
ultimate load.
 TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur.)
Kadapa Road, Tadipatri (M), Anantapur (Dist) – 515411. ✆ 8886688068.
email id: civilhod@[Link], Website: [Link]
Department Of Civil Engineering
(23A01602T) HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
UNIT – I: PLANNED HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

1. Explain the necessity of highway planning in India. Discuss important road development plans such as
Nagpur Plan, Bombay Plan, and Lucknow Plan.

2. Describe the classification of roads as per IRC and explain different road network patterns with neat
sketches.

3. Discuss the factors affecting highway alignment. Explain engineering surveys and the types of
drawings and reports required for final alignment.

UNIT – II: GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS

1. Explain the importance of geometric design of highways. Discuss design controls and criteria such as
topography, design speed, vehicle characteristics, and driver factors.

2. Define Stopping Sight Distance, Overtaking Sight Distance, and Intermediate Sight Distance. Derive the
formulas and explain their significance.

3. Explain the design of horizontal alignment with super elevation, extra widening, transition curves, and
design of vertical curves including gradients.

UNIT – III: TRAFFIC ENGINEERING STUDIES

1. Define traffic volume, speed, and density. Explain their interrelationship using the fundamental
diagram of traffic flow.

2. Explain traffic volume and speed studies—methods of data collection, analysis, and presentation with
examples.

3. Discuss road accidents: causes, preventive measures, accident data recording, and preparation of
condition and collision diagrams.

UNIT – IV: INTERSECTION DESIGN

1. Explain conflicts at intersections. Discuss channelization, objectives, design criteria for traffic islands,
and types of at-grade intersections.

2. Describe grade-separated intersections. Compare different types such as overpasses, underpasses,

3. What is a rotary intersection? Explain its concept, design criteria, advantages, and disadvantages.
 TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur.)
Kadapa Road, Tadipatri (M), Anantapur (Dist) – 515411. ✆ 8886688068.
email id: civilhod@[Link], Website: [Link]
Department Of Civil Engineering
UNIT – V: PAVEMENT DESIGN

1. Discuss different types of pavements. Compare flexible and rigid pavements. Explain pavement
components and their functions.

**2. Explain the design of flexible pavements using:

(a) Group Index Method

3. Explain Westergaard’s stress equations for rigid pavement design. Derive expressions for load
stresses, radius of relative stiffness, radius of resisting section, and design of expansion & contraction
joints, dowel bars, and tie bars.
 TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur.)
Kadapa Road, Tadipatri (M), Anantapur (Dist) – 515411. ✆ 8886688068.
email id: civilhod@[Link], Website: [Link]
Department Of Civil Engineering
(23A01603T) ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
UNIT – I: WATER SUPPLY

1. Explain the estimation of surface and subsurface water resources. Discuss various methods of
assessing availability and reliability of water sources for urban water supply schemes.

2. Describe in detail the impurities present in water and their significance. Explain the importance of
physical, chemical, and bacteriological analysis in determining water quality as per BIS drinking water
standards.

3. What are the waterborne diseases? Explain their causes, modes of transmission, and preventive
measures. Also describe the requirements of a good intake structure and compare pumping and gravity
intake schemes.

UNIT – II: WATER TREATMENT

1. Explain the principles, unit operations, and unit processes involved in a conventional water treatment
plant. Give a detailed flow diagram with functions of each unit.

2. Discuss the processes of coagulation and flocculation. Explain the working principles and design
considerations of flash mixers, flocculators, clariflocculators, plate settlers, and pulsator clarifiers.

3. Describe the mechanisms of disinfection, softening, removal of iron and manganese, defluoridation,
desalination, and residue management. Explain the construction, operation, and maintenance aspects of
any two treatment units.

UNIT – III: WATER STORAGE & DISTRIBUTION

1. Explain the types, location, and design considerations of storage and balancing reservoirs. Discuss
how storage requirements are determined in a city water supply system.

2. Describe the different layouts of water distribution systems. Explain the hydraulics of pipelines, types
of pipe fittings, valves (including check valves & PRVs), and meters used in distribution networks.

3. Discuss the analysis of water distribution systems, methods of leak detection, and maintenance of
distribution networks. Explain the operation of pumping stations and house service connections with
neat sketches.

UNIT – IV: PLANNING & DESIGN OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM

1. Explain the characteristics and composition of sewage. Define population equivalent and describe the
methods for sanitary sewage flow estimation.

2. Discuss the hydraulics of flow in sanitary sewers, types of sewer materials, and the principles of sewer
design. Explain the estimation of storm runoff for storm drainage systems.
 TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur.)
Kadapa Road, Tadipatri (M), Anantapur (Dist) – 515411. ✆ 8886688068.
email id: civilhod@[Link], Website: [Link]
Department Of Civil Engineering
3. Write short notes on:

a) Sewer appurtenances
b) Corrosion in sewers – prevention and control
c) Sewage pumping stations
d) Building drainage and plumbing systems

UNIT – V: SEWAGE TREATMENT & DISPOSAL

1. Explain the objectives of sewage treatment and criteria for selection of treatment methods. Describe
the principles and flow diagrams of ASP, extended aeration, SBR, UASB, and trickling filters.

2. Discuss waste stabilization ponds and other modern sewage treatment methods. Explain reclamation
and reuse of treated sewage, and recent advances in sewage treatment technologies.

3. Explain sludge treatment and disposal. Discuss sludge digestion, thickening, dewatering, drying, and
the standards for discharge of treated effluent as per regulatory norms.
 TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur.)
Kadapa Road, Tadipatri (M), Anantapur (Dist) – 515411. ✆ 8886688068.
email id: civilhod@[Link], Website: [Link]
Department Of Civil Engineering
(23A01605a) COST EFFECTIVE HOUSING TECHNIQUES
UNIT – I — HOUSING SCENARIO & PLANNING

1. Discuss the urban and rural housing scenario in India. Explain in detail the major issues, challenges,
and government initiatives to improve housing conditions.

2. Explain the housing finance system in India. Describe the role of government as a facilitator, the status
of rural housing finance, and the major impediments associated with accessing housing loans.

3. Write a detailed note on land use and physical planning for housing. Explain urban land planning, the
Urban Land Ceiling Act, building bye-laws, and the importance of residential densities.

UNIT – II — LOW COST & RESILIENT HOUSING TECHNOLOGY

1. Explain the adoption of innovative and cost-effective construction techniques for low-cost housing.
Discuss the relevance of resilient technologies in Indian conditions.

2. Describe the concept of precast and prefabricated construction in mass housing. Explain partial
prefabrication, total prefabrication, precast roofing/flooring systems, and economical wall systems.

3. Discuss the suitability and applications of various load-bearing wall systems such as

 Single brick thick wall

 19 cm load-bearing masonry wall

 Half-brick wall

 Fly-ash gypsum blocks

 Stone block masonry

UNIT – III — ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS & LOW-COST SERVICES

1. Explain the need for alternative building materials in housing. Discuss materials such as ferro-cement,
gypsum boards, timber substitutes, industrial wastes, and agricultural wastes.

2. Describe the use of industrial and agricultural waste products in low-cost building construction.
Explain their properties, advantages, and limitations.

3. Write notes on low-cost infrastructure services. Discuss technological options for:

a) Low-cost sanitation
b) Domestic water supply systems c) Low-cost energy systems d) Maintenance of low-cost housing
 TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapur.)
Kadapa Road, Tadipatri (M), Anantapur (Dist) – 515411. ✆ 8886688068.
email id: civilhod@[Link], Website: [Link]
Department Of Civil Engineering
UNIT – IV — RURAL HOUSING

1. Discuss the traditional practices in rural housing in India. Explain materials, construction techniques,
and their advantages and limitations.

2. Explain mud housing technology in rural areas. Describe the characteristics of mud, mud roofs, fire
treatment for thatch roofing, and soil stabilization techniques.

3. Describe various rural housing development programmes in India. Explain their objectives,
implementation strategies, and impacts on rural living conditions.

UNIT – V — HOUSING IN DISASTER-PRONE AREAS

1. Explain the types of damages caused by earthquakes to houses, especially non-engineered buildings.
Describe the reasons for their vulnerability.

2. Write a detailed note on repair and restoration of earthquake-damaged buildings. Discuss

3. What are the requirements of structural safety for precast thin roofing units against earthquake
forces? Explain construction recommendations for disaster-resistant housing in earthquake-prone
regions.