Chapter-1
Union Judiciary
MCQ & 2 Marks Concepts
Question 1: Name the highest judicial tribunal in India.
Answer: The highest judicial tribunal in India is the Supreme Court.
Question 2: Which body has the final authority to interpret the Constitution?
Answer: The Supreme Court has the final authority to interpret the Constitution.
Question 3: How many Judges are there in the Supreme Court?
Answer: The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and not more than 33 other
Judges.
Question 4: Who appoints the Judges of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The President appoints the Judges of the Supreme Court on the advice of the
Chief Justice of Supreme Court.
Question 5: Who determines the strength of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The Parliament determines the strength of the Supreme Court.
Question 6: Who can increase the number of Judges of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The number of Judges of the Supreme Court can be increased by the Parliament
of India.
Question 7: Mention the term of a Judge of the Supreme Court.
Answer: A Judge of Supreme Court continues in office till he attains the age of sixty-five
years.
Question 8: Who appoints the administrative staff of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The President appoints the administrative staff of the Supreme Court on the
advice of other members of judiciary.
Question 9: Under what circumstances can the salaries and allowances of the Judges of
the Supreme Court be reduced?
Answer: The salaries and allowances of the Judges of the Supreme Court can be reduced
during periods of financial emergency.
Question 10: If the President of India considers that a question of law may be referred to
the Supreme Court, under which jurisdiction will the Supreme Court express its opinion in
the matter?
Answer: Advisory Jurisdiction.
Question 11: Of which Constitutional system is the independent Judiciary a characteristic?
Answer: The independent Judiciary is a characteristic of the federal system.
Question 12: Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court can be divided into how many categories?
Name them.
Answer: Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court can be divided into three categories. They are:
(i) Original Jurisdiction, (ii) Appellate Jurisdiction, (iii) Advisory Jurisdiction.
Question 13: Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court can be divided into how many
groups? Name them.
Answer: Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court can be divided into three groups. They
are: (i) Appeal in Constitutional Cases, (ii) Appeal in Civil Matters, (iii) Appeal in Criminal
Cases.
Question 14: What is the advisory role of the Supreme Court of India? Or What is meant by
advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Under advisory role, the President can seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on
any question of law or fact of public importance.
Question 15: Name any two Writ issued by the Courts for the enforcement of
Fundamental Rights.
Answer: Habeas Corpus or Mandamus or Prohibition 0r Certiorari or Quo-Warranto.
Question 16: Why is the Supreme Court said to be the guardian of the Constitution?
Answer: The Supreme Court is known as the guardian of the Constitution as it can issue
writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Question 17: What happens if either the Parliament or a State Legislature passes any law
that is against the Constitution?
Answer: If either the Parliament or a State Legislature passes any law that is against the
Constitution, the Supreme Court can declare that law as unconstitutional.
Question 18: Who appoints the Chief Justice of a High Court?
Answer: The President appoints the Chief Justice of a High Court on the advice of the
Chief Justice of Supreme Court and the Governor of the concerned State.
Question 19: Who determines the strength of the Judges of a High Court?
Answer: The President determines the strength of the Judges of a High Court.
Question 20: How are the other Judges of High Court appointed?
Answer: The other Judges of the High Court are appointed by the President of India after
the consultation with the Chief Justice of High Court and the Governor of the State
concerned. .
Question 21: What is the number of the Judges of a High Court?
Answer: There is no fixed number of Judges for a High Court.
Question 22: What is the age of retirement of a Judge of a High Court?
Answer: ‘The Judge of a High Court retires at the age of 62 years.
Question 23: Where are the salaries of the Judges charged?
Answer: The salaries of the Judges are charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State.
Question 24: Who can transfer the Judges of a High Court?
Answer: The President can transfer the Judges of a High Court to another, with his
consent.
Question 25: What is meant by every High Court is a court of record?
Answer: Because its judgment and orders are preserved as record to be produced in any
court as precedent. The decisions of the Supreme Court are recorded for evidence and
testimony for further cases. This is known as Court of Record.
Question 26: Name the courts that are empowered to issue writs for the enforcement of
Fundamental Rights.
Answer: The Supreme Court and the High Court are empowered to issue writs for the
enforcement of Government Rights.
Question 27: Name the write issued by the High Court, which provides a remedy for a
person who has been unlawfully detained in prison.
Answer: Habeas Corpus.
Question 28: Name the Courts at the District level?
Answer: The Courts at the District level are: (i) Civil Courts (ii) Criminal Courts
Question 29: Who is the highest Judicial Officer in the District?
Answer: The District Judge is the highest Judicial Officer in a District.
Question 30: How are the District Judges in a State appointed?
Answer: The District Judges in a State are appointed by the Governor of the State .
Question 31: Which is the highest Court of Justice for civil cases at the District level?
Answer: Civil Court—Court of District Judge.
Question 32: Name the highest Criminal Court in a District.
Answer: The Sessions Court.
Question 33: What is the designation of a District Judge when he deals with criminal
cases?
Answer: When a District Judge deals with criminal cases he is called a Sessions Judge.
Question 34: Mention two different designations, which the highest Judicial Officer of a
District holds.
Answer: The highest judicial officer in a district is the ‘District Judge’. His other
designation is ‘District and Sessions Judge’.
Question 35: Mention one reason why the system of Lok Adalat has become popular.
Answer: Lok Adalat has become popular because it works in the spirit of compromise
and delivers Speedy and inexpensive justice.