Part Test - 03 1

HINT & SOLUTION (Part Test - 03)

6. (1)
Physics 𝑔𝑔𝑀𝑀
=
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
�
𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 2
� =
1
�
6400 2
� =
4
𝑔𝑔𝐸𝐸 𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸 𝑅𝑅𝑀𝑀 10 3200 10
1. (3) 4
∴ 𝑔𝑔𝑀𝑀 = 𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑒 ×
Let us use the subscript 𝑃𝑃 and 𝐸𝐸 for planet and 10
4
earth respectively. ∴ Weight on mars = 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔𝑀𝑀 = 𝑚𝑚 �𝑔𝑔𝐸𝐸 × �
10
𝐺𝐺𝑀𝑀𝑃𝑃 𝐺𝐺𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸 4 4
𝑔𝑔𝑝𝑝 = 2 ; 𝑔𝑔𝐸𝐸 = 2 = 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔𝐸𝐸 × = 200 × = 80 N
𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 10 10
𝑔𝑔𝑃𝑃 𝑀𝑀𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅 2 1 2 1 7. (3)
∴ = × � 𝐸𝐸 � = 2 × � � =
𝑔𝑔𝐸𝐸 𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸 𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃 2 2 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑙𝑙 3
𝑔𝑔𝐸𝐸 9.8
∴ 𝑔𝑔𝑃𝑃 = = = 4.9 m/s 2 Δ𝑣𝑣
=
3Δ𝑙𝑙
=
3 Δ𝑙𝑙
� × 100�
2 2 𝑣𝑣 𝑙𝑙 100 𝑙𝑙
2. (4) =
3
× 1 = 0.03
𝐹𝐹/𝐴𝐴 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 100
Y= = .
Δ𝐿𝐿/𝐿𝐿 𝐴𝐴Δ𝐿𝐿 8. (3)
Since 𝐿𝐿, Δ𝐿𝐿 and 𝑌𝑌 are constant, ∴ Radius of drop, 𝑅𝑅 = 1 mm = 1 × 10−3 m;
𝐹𝐹
= constant Surface tension of water, 𝑇𝑇 = 70 × 10−3 N/m
𝐴𝐴
𝐹𝐹2 𝐹𝐹1 𝐹𝐹2 𝐹𝐹1 2𝑇𝑇 2×70×10−3
= or = Difference of pressure = = =
𝐴𝐴2 𝐴𝐴1 𝐷𝐷22 𝐷𝐷12 𝑅𝑅 1×10−3
𝐷𝐷22 140 N/m2
𝐹𝐹2 = 𝐹𝐹1 × = 103 × (4)2 = 16 × 103 N
𝐷𝐷12 9. (1)
3. (3) 𝜋𝜋
At 𝑡𝑡 = 0, 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 makes an angle of 45∘ = rad
2𝑇𝑇cos 𝜃𝜃 4
Capillary rise, ℎ =
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 with the positive direction of 𝑋𝑋-axis. After time
1
Since 𝑇𝑇, 𝜃𝜃, 𝜌𝜌 and 𝑔𝑔 are constant, ℎ ∝ : 𝑡𝑡, it covers an angle
2𝜋𝜋
𝑡𝑡 in the anti-clockwise
𝑟𝑟 𝑇𝑇
ℎ2 𝑟𝑟1 𝑟𝑟1 𝑟𝑟1
∴ = or ℎ2 = ℎ1 × =2× = 6 mm sense, and makes an angle of
2𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝑡𝑡 + with the
ℎ1 𝑟𝑟2 𝑟𝑟2 𝑟𝑟1 /3 𝑇𝑇 4
4. (2) 𝑋𝑋-axis.
This is an example of a periodic motion. It can The projection of 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 on the 𝑋𝑋-axis at time 𝑡𝑡 is
be noted that each term represents a periodic given by
function with different angular frequency. For, 𝑇𝑇 = 4 s
Since period is the least interval of time after 2𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴cos � 𝑡𝑡 + �
which a function repeats its value, sin 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 has 𝑇𝑇 4
2𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
a period 𝑇𝑇0 = , 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴cos � 𝑡𝑡 + �
𝜔𝜔 4 4

cos 2𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 has a period

𝜋𝜋
=
𝑇𝑇0 which is a SHM of amplitude 𝐴𝐴, period 4 s and
𝜔𝜔 2 𝜋𝜋
2𝜋𝜋 𝑇𝑇0 an initial phase = .
and sin 4𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 has a period = 4
4𝜔𝜔 4
10. (2)
The period of the first term is a multiple of the
Given equation can be rewritten as
periods of the last two terms. Therefore, the
9𝑥𝑥
smallest interval of time after which the sum of 𝑦𝑦 = 0.03sin 450 �𝑡𝑡 − � (𝑖𝑖)
450
the three terms repeats is 𝑇𝑇0 and thus, the sum We know that, the general equation of a
2𝜋𝜋
is a periodic function with a period . travelling wave is given as
𝜔𝜔
5. (3) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐴𝐴sin 𝜔𝜔(𝑡𝑡 − 𝑥𝑥/𝑣𝑣) (𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖)
Wave number ( 𝑘𝑘 ): 𝑘𝑘 =
2𝜋𝜋
=
2𝜋𝜋 Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
𝜆𝜆 60
450
Frequency ( 𝑓𝑓 ): 𝑓𝑓 = =
𝑣𝑣 360
= 6 Hz Velocity, 𝑣𝑣 = = 50 m/s
𝜆𝜆 60 9
Angular frequency ( 𝜔𝜔 ): 𝜔𝜔 = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 2𝜋𝜋(6) and angular velocity, 𝜔𝜔 = 450rad/s
Substitute the values into the general form: As, the velocity of wave on stretched string
2𝜋𝜋
𝑦𝑦 = 0.2sin �2𝜋𝜋(6)𝑡𝑡 − 𝑥𝑥� with tension (𝑇𝑇) is given as 𝑣𝑣 = �𝑇𝑇/𝜇𝜇
60
Factoring out 2𝜋𝜋 from both terms in the where, 𝜇𝜇 is linear density.
argument: ∴ 𝑇𝑇 = 𝜇𝜇𝑣𝑣 2
𝑦𝑦 = 0.2sin �2𝜋𝜋 �6𝑡𝑡 −
𝑥𝑥
�� = 5 × 10−3 × 50 × 50
60 = 12.5 N (∵ given, 𝜇𝜇 = 5 g/m = 5 × 10−3 kg/m)
2 Part Test - 03

11. (2) or 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 2 ____ (i)

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Decrease in radius, = −1%. Minus sign is Given 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎sin 2𝜋𝜋(𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
𝑅𝑅
given due to decrease of radius. or 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎sin (2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 − 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋)
Now The general wave equation
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎sin (𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) then 𝑘𝑘 = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
𝑔𝑔 =
𝑅𝑅 2 ∴ 𝑎𝑎2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 2 [From Eq. (i)]
Taking log on both sides, we have, log 𝑒𝑒 𝑔𝑔 = 1
or 𝑐𝑐 =
log 𝑒𝑒 𝐺𝐺 + log 𝑒𝑒 𝑀𝑀 − 2log 𝑒𝑒 𝑅𝑅. 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋

Differentiating both sides, we get, 16. (3)

2ℎ 𝑔𝑔′ 2ℎ
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=0+0−
2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −2(−1%) = 2% 𝑔𝑔′ = 𝑔𝑔 �1 − � or =1−
𝑔𝑔 𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅 𝑔𝑔 𝑅𝑅
99 2ℎ
Therefore, the value of acceleration due to ∴ =1− or ℎ = 32 km
100 6400
gravity will increase by 2%. 17. (2)
12. (1) Work done
𝐹𝐹/𝐴𝐴 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 1
𝑌𝑌 = = = 𝑌𝑌ΔL = × stress × strain × volume
Δ𝐿𝐿/𝐿𝐿 𝐴𝐴 2
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 1
Since 𝑌𝑌 and Δ𝐿𝐿 are constant, = constant. = × 𝑌𝑌 × ( strain )2 × volume
𝐴𝐴 2
𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴 𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴 𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵 𝐿𝐿𝐵𝐵 𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴 𝑙𝑙 2 𝑙𝑙2
∴ = or 1
= 𝑌𝑌 × � � × 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = × 𝑌𝑌 ×
1
× 𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵 2 𝐿𝐿 2 𝐿𝐿
𝐿𝐿𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 1 2
= � � × � � = � � × (2)2 = 1 1 �1×10−3 �
𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 4 = × (2 × 10′′ ) × × 1 × 10−6 = 0.1 J
2 1
∴ 𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴 : 𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵 = 1: 1 18. (4)
13. (2) Surface tension of water decreases with the
4 4
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋𝑅𝑅3 and 2𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋𝑅𝑅′3 increase in temperature.
3 3
𝑅𝑅 ′3 1 19. (4)
∴ = 2 or 𝑅𝑅 = (2) 𝑅𝑅 ′ 3
𝑅𝑅 3 At mean position, velocity is maximum,
Now 𝑣𝑣max 16
∴ 𝑊𝑊 = 𝑇𝑇 × 2(4𝜋𝜋𝑅𝑅2 ) and 𝑊𝑊 ′ = 𝑇𝑇 × 2(4𝜋𝜋𝑅𝑅′2 ) 𝑣𝑣max = 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 ⇒ 𝜔𝜔 = = = 4rad/s
𝐴𝐴 4
2
𝑊𝑊 ′ 𝑅𝑅 ′ 2 ∴𝑣𝑣 = 𝜔𝜔�𝐴𝐴2 − 𝑦𝑦 2 ⇒ 8√3 = 4�42 − 𝑦𝑦 2
∴ = � � = �21/3 � = 41/3 ∴ 𝑊𝑊 ′ = 41/3 𝑊𝑊
𝑊𝑊 𝑅𝑅 ⇒192 = 16(16 − 𝑦𝑦 2 ) ⇒ 12 = 16 − 𝑦𝑦 2 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 2 cm
14. (3)
20. (2)
The displacement-time graph is as shown
21. (4)
below, According to Kepler's third law of planetary
motion, 𝑇𝑇 2 ∝ 𝑅𝑅3
𝑇𝑇 2 𝑅𝑅 3 𝑇𝑇 2 4𝑅𝑅 3
∴ � 2� = � 2� or � 2� = � �
𝑇𝑇1 𝑅𝑅1 𝑇𝑇1 𝑅𝑅
𝑇𝑇2
∴ = √64 = 8 or 𝑇𝑇2 = 8𝑇𝑇1 or 𝑇𝑇2 = 8𝑇𝑇
𝑇𝑇1
22. (4)
𝐹𝐹/𝐴𝐴 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
3𝑇𝑇 𝑌𝑌 = =
At 𝑡𝑡 = , particle is at mean position. At mean Δ𝐿𝐿/𝐿𝐿 𝐴𝐴Δ𝐿𝐿
4
1
position of SHM, acceleration of particle is Since 𝑌𝑌, 𝐹𝐹 and 𝐿𝐿 are constant, = =
𝐴𝐴Δ𝐿𝐿
zero. i.e. force is zero. constant.
Statement (A) is correct. 1 1 Δ𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 𝐷𝐷 2
∴ = or = = � 𝐵𝐵�
At 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇, particle is at extreme position. As 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 Δ𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 Δ𝐿𝐿𝐵𝐵 Δ𝐿𝐿𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐷𝐷𝐴𝐴
Δ𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴 1 2 1
direction is changing, so its acceleration is =� � = ∴ Δ𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴 : Δ𝐿𝐿𝐵𝐵 = 1: 4
Δ𝐿𝐿𝐵𝐵 2 4
maximum. Statement (B) is correct.
𝑇𝑇
23. (2)
At 𝑡𝑡 = , particle is at mean position, so whole Increase in area,
4
of energy is kinetic. i.e. its speed is maximum. Δ𝐴𝐴 = 2(6 × 5 − 5 × 3) = 2 × (30 − 15)cm2
Statement ( C ) is correct. = 30 × 10−4 m2
PE = KE at 𝑡𝑡 = , so statement(D) is incorrect.
𝑇𝑇 As, work done, 𝑊𝑊 = surface tension ×
8
increase in area
Hence, option (c) is correct.
3.0 × 10−4 = 𝑆𝑆 × 2 × 30 × 10−4 or 𝑆𝑆 =
15. (1)
0.1 Nm−1
The maximum particle velocity is twice the
24. (4)
wave velocity
𝜔𝜔 We know that, equation of SHM, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎sin 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 2 � �
𝑘𝑘
Part Test - 03 3

𝑎𝑎
Here in given condition, = 𝑎𝑎sin 𝜔𝜔 × 1 P.E. of the body at height ℎ(= 𝑅𝑅 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛) is
2
1 𝜋𝜋 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑔𝑔𝑅𝑅 2 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= sin 𝜔𝜔 ⇒ 𝜔𝜔 = 𝑈𝑈2 = − =− =−
2 6 𝑅𝑅+𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑅𝑅(𝑛𝑛+1) 𝑛𝑛+1
2𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
⇒ 𝜔𝜔 = = Change in P.E. = 𝑈𝑈2 − 𝑈𝑈1 = − − (−𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)
𝑇𝑇 6 𝑛𝑛+1
Hence, time period of SHM, 𝑇𝑇 = 6 × 2 ⇒ 𝑇𝑇 = = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 �1 −
1
� = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑛𝑛
𝑛𝑛+1 𝑛𝑛+1
12 s
32. (4)
25. (2)
Here, 𝑙𝑙 = 5 cm = 5 × 10−2 m,
After 2 s , the pulses will overlap completely.
Δ𝑙𝑙 = 0.2 cm = 0.2 × 10−2 m, 𝐹𝐹 = 8 N
The string becomes straight and therefore, Shearing stress
does not have any potential energy. Its entire Modulus of rigidity, 𝜂𝜂 =
Shearing strain
𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹 8
energy must be purely kinetic. Hence, shearing stress = = =
𝐴𝐴 𝑙𝑙2 (5×10
26. (2) Δ𝑙𝑙 0.2
Since no external torque is acting, the angular Shearing strain = = = 0.04
𝑙𝑙 5
3200 −2
momentum 𝐿𝐿 will be constant. ∴ 𝜂𝜂 =
0.04
= 80000Nm
2
Now 𝐿𝐿 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅 𝜔𝜔 2
= 8 × 104 Nm−2
5
2 2 𝑅𝑅12 33. (3)
∴ 𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅12 𝜔𝜔1 = 𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅22 𝜔𝜔2 or 𝑅𝑅12 𝜔𝜔1 = 𝜔𝜔2 𝑣𝑣1 𝑟𝑟 2
5 5 4
Terminal velocity, 𝑣𝑣𝑇𝑇 ∝ 𝑟𝑟 2 ∴ = � 1� =
∴ 𝜔𝜔2 = 4𝜔𝜔1 𝑣𝑣2 𝑟𝑟2
𝑇𝑇2 2𝜋𝜋/𝜔𝜔2 𝜔𝜔1 1 1 2 1
Now = = = � � = or 𝑣𝑣1 : 𝑣𝑣2 = 1: 4
𝑇𝑇1 2𝜋𝜋/𝜔𝜔1 𝜔𝜔2 4 2 4
1 1
∴ 𝑇𝑇2 = × 𝑇𝑇1 = × 24 = 6 hours 34. (2)
4 4
27. (1) Angular frequency, 𝜔𝜔 = � = �
𝑘𝑘 800
=
𝑚𝑚 2
Energy stored per unit volume
1 20rads −1
= × stress × strain =
2 35. (3)
1 stress 1 𝑆𝑆 2
× stress × = As fixed end is a node, therefore distance
2 𝑌𝑌 2 𝑌𝑌
𝜆𝜆
28. (1) between two consecutive nodes = = 10 cm
2
4𝑇𝑇 4𝑇𝑇
= 2× or 𝑟𝑟2 = 2𝑟𝑟1 Now,
𝑟𝑟1 𝑟𝑟2
4 4 𝜆𝜆 = 20 cm = 0.2 m
Now 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟13 = 𝑛𝑛 × 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟23 or 𝑟𝑟13 = 𝑛𝑛𝑟𝑟23 = 𝑛𝑛(2𝑟𝑟1 )3
3 3 ∴ 𝑣𝑣 = 100 × 0.2 = 20 ms −1
or 1 = 8𝑛𝑛 ∴ 𝑛𝑛 = 1/8 = 0.125 36. (3)
29. (2) In central force motion, the angular
For SHM 𝑎𝑎 = −𝜔𝜔2 𝑦𝑦, where 𝑎𝑎 is acceleration, momentum of body remains conserved. i.e.
𝜔𝜔 is angular velocity and 𝑦𝑦 is displacement. Angular momentum, 𝐋𝐋 = 𝐫𝐫 × 𝐩𝐩 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (At
Hence, it is clear that acceleration is directly minor and major axis, 𝐯𝐯 and 𝐫𝐫 are
proportional to displacement and is always perpendicular)
opposite to displacement.
While, velocity and displacement act in same
direction.
30. (3)
For an organ pipe open at one end, frequency
3𝑣𝑣
of 1st overtone, 𝑛𝑛1 =
4𝐿𝐿1
For the organ pipe open at both ends,
frequency of 3 rd harmonic, 𝑛𝑛2 =
3𝑣𝑣 So, if 𝑣𝑣1 and 𝑣𝑣2 be the speed of earth at
2𝐿𝐿2
positions 𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵, respectively.
As,
Then,
𝑛𝑛1 = 𝑛𝑛2
3𝑣𝑣 3𝑣𝑣 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣1 𝑟𝑟1 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣2 𝑟𝑟2
∴ = 𝑣𝑣1 𝑟𝑟2 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑣𝑣1
4𝐿𝐿1 2𝐿𝐿2 ⇒ = = ⇒ = 𝑅𝑅
𝑣𝑣2 𝑟𝑟1 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑣𝑣2
or
𝐿𝐿1 2 1 37. (4)
= = Breaking force does not depend upon length.
𝐿𝐿2 4 2
31. (3) Breaking force = Breaking stress × Area of
P.E. of the body at earth's surface is cross-section. For a given material, breaking
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑔𝑔𝑅𝑅 2 𝑚𝑚 stress is constant.
𝑈𝑈1 = − =− = −𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅
4 Part Test - 03

∵ Breaking force ∝ Area of cross-section

𝐹𝐹2 𝐴𝐴2 𝜋𝜋(6𝑟𝑟)2
⇒ = = = 36
𝐹𝐹1 𝐴𝐴1 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2
or 𝐹𝐹2 = 36𝐹𝐹1 = 36𝐹𝐹
38. (4)
Given situation is as shown in the figure below

(force exerted by the spring on the left side,

trying to pull the mass towards the mean
position)
𝐹𝐹𝑙𝑙 = −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
(force exerted by the spring on the right side,
trying to push the mass towards the mean
position)
1 𝐹𝐹2 = −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
From equation of continuity, 𝐴𝐴 ∝ where, 𝐴𝐴 =
𝑣𝑣 The net force, 𝐹𝐹 acting on the mass is then
area of flow 𝐹𝐹 = −2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
and 𝑣𝑣 = velocity of flow. Hence, the force acting on the mass is
∴ Increase in speed of flow causes proportional to the displacement and is
a decrease in area of flow. directed towards the mean position, therefore
Here given that height of fall, ℎ = 0.15 m the motion executed by the mass is simple
Area, 𝐴𝐴 = 10−4 m2 harmonics. The time period of oscillation is
𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�
2𝑘𝑘

40. (2)
Here, 𝑛𝑛 = 200 ± 5 and 2𝑛𝑛 = 420 ± 10. This is
possible only when 𝑛𝑛 = 200 + 5 = 205 Hz or
s −1 .
41. (3)
According to question, diagram will be as
follows

Initial speed, 𝑣𝑣 = 1 ms −1
Velocity of water stream below ℎ height is

𝑣𝑣2 = �𝑣𝑣12 + 2𝑔𝑔ℎ [∵ 𝑣𝑣 2 − 𝑢𝑢2 = 2𝑔𝑔ℎ]

Substituting the given values, we get
= �12 + 2 × 10 × 0.15
= √4 = 2 ms −1 Gravitational field due to solid sphere of radius
Now, from the equation of continuity, we have 𝑎𝑎 at a distance, 𝑟𝑟 = 3𝑎𝑎, i.e. (𝑟𝑟 > 𝑅𝑅) is
𝐴𝐴1 𝑣𝑣1 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝐴𝐴1 𝑣𝑣1 = 𝐴𝐴2 𝑣𝑣2 or 𝐴𝐴2 = 𝐸𝐸1 = 2 = =
𝑣𝑣2 𝑟𝑟 (3𝑎𝑎)2 9𝑎𝑎2
10−4 × 1 Similarly, gravitational field due to spherical
∴ 𝐴𝐴2 = = 0.5 × 10−4
2 shell at a distance, 𝑟𝑟 = 3𝑎𝑎,
= 5 × 10−5 m2 i.e.
39. (4) 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐺𝐺(2𝑀𝑀) 2𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
Let the mass be displaced by a small distance 𝐸𝐸2 = 2 = =
𝑅𝑅 (3𝑎𝑎)2 9𝑎𝑎2
𝑥𝑥 to the right side of the equilibrium position. Both fields are attractive in nature, so direction
Under this situation, the spring on the left side will be same.
elongated by a length equal to 𝑥𝑥 and that on 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 2𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
Net electric field, 𝐸𝐸net = +
9𝑎𝑎2 9𝑎𝑎2
the right side gets compressed by the same
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
length. The forces acting on the mass are then 𝐸𝐸net = 2
3𝑎𝑎
Part Test - 03 5

42. (3) 48. (4)

As, 𝑌𝑌 =
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
⇒ Δ𝑙𝑙 ∝
1 It is stabilised by resonance & Hyper
𝐴𝐴Δ𝑙𝑙 𝐴𝐴
Conjugation of 6 α′H′
Again, 𝑚𝑚 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴, 𝑚𝑚 ∝ 𝐴𝐴
1 49. (4)
∴ Δ𝑙𝑙 ∝
𝑚𝑚 This is an 8-membered ring with 8π electrons.
Δ𝑙𝑙1 𝑚𝑚2 2
∴ = = While it is cyclic and fully conjugated, it does
Δ𝑙𝑙2 𝑚𝑚1 3

43. (4) not follow the (4n + 2) rule (it fits the 4n rule for
Since, pipe is horizontal. Applying Bernoulli's n = 2) More importantly, it is not planar in
equation at two different cross-section, reality; it adopts a non-planar "tub" shape to
1 1 avoid anti-aromatic instability. Because it is
𝑝𝑝1 + 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌ℎ1 + 𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣12 = 𝑝𝑝2 + 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌ℎ2 + 𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣22 non-planar, it is classified as non-aromatic.
2 2
For same level, 𝑝𝑝 + 𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣12 = + 𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣22
1 𝑝𝑝 1 50. (1)
2 2 2
Due to Hyperconjugation of 3 α 'H'
𝑝𝑝 1 𝑝𝑝
∴ = 𝜌𝜌(𝑣𝑣22 − 𝑣𝑣12 ) ⇒ 𝑣𝑣22 − 𝑣𝑣12 = Benzene ring has highest e– density
2 2 𝜌𝜌
51. (3)
𝑝𝑝
⇒ 𝑣𝑣2 = � + 𝑣𝑣12 Decreasing order of –I
𝜌𝜌
–NO₂ > –CN > –SO₃H > –CHO > –COOH > –
44. (2) F > –Cl > –Br > –I > –OH > –NH₂ > –C≡CH >
Let 𝑘𝑘 be the spring constant of each half part –Ph > –CH=CH₂ > (H)
of the spring. For a complete spring, the spring 52. (4)
constant 𝑘𝑘 ′ = 𝑘𝑘/2 (spring in series). When two
splitted parts of a spring are connected to the
body, then spring are in parallel. Their
effective spring constant, 𝑘𝑘 ′ = 𝑘𝑘 + 𝑘𝑘 = 2𝑘𝑘.
𝑚𝑚
As 𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�
𝑘𝑘
1
or 𝑇𝑇 ∝ (for a fixed value of 𝑚𝑚�
√𝑘𝑘
𝑇𝑇 ′ 𝑘𝑘/2 1
∴ =� =
𝑇𝑇 2𝑘𝑘 2
𝑇𝑇
or 𝑇𝑇 = ′
2
45. (1)
As per the problem, 𝑎𝑎1 𝑣𝑣1 = 𝑎𝑎2 𝑣𝑣2
53. (1)
or 𝐿𝐿2 × �2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = 𝜋𝜋𝑅𝑅2 × �2𝑔𝑔 × 4𝑦𝑦 or 𝑅𝑅 = 𝐿𝐿/
√2𝜋𝜋 It is relatively less polar and

Chemistry more stable than others.

54. (3)
46. (2) Imidazole
The –COOH group has highest priority, so the Contains two nitrogens:
parent compound is benzoic acid. One nitrogen’s lone pair is part of aromaticity.
Numbering starts from the carbon attached to The other nitrogen has a lone pair not involved
–COOH (position 1). The –OH group is in aromaticity.
located at the meta position (position 3) That lone pair is available for protonation, and
relative to –COOH. the positive charge formed is stabilized by
47. (3) resonance.
→ Most basic
Order of basicity:
Imidazole > Pyridine > Aniline > Pyrrole
55. (3)
Weakest acid has highest pka value.
2, 3-dimethyl pentanoyl chloride
6 Part Test - 03

56. (3) O OH
(2) CH3 C NH2 CH3 C NH
Amide imidic Acid
O OH
CH3 CH3
(3)

keto enol
61. (1)
+
Ph — C — CH3

OCH3

→ Resonance with phenyl ring

→ Hyperconjugation with Methyl group
57. (2)
→ Back-bonding with Methoxy group
methyl acetate and ethyl formate.
• Both compounds have the molecular formula 62. (2)
𝐂𝐂𝟑𝟑𝐇𝐇𝟔𝟔𝐎𝐎𝟐𝟐
• The functional group is an ester −𝐂𝐂(=𝐎𝐎)−𝐎𝐎−
• The alkyl groups attached to the oxygen atom
1. Planar
are different (methyl in the first compound,
ethyl in the second). 2. Cyclic
• Therefore, they are metamers. 3. Conjugated
58. (1) 4. Huckle Rule → ( 4n + 2 ) π

Where n = 2.
Ring forming atoms are carbon
63. (3)

therefore it is Homo-cyclic compound.

59. (2)
OH OH
NO2 Addition product via markonikov’s Rule
–M –I 64. (2)
(I) (II)

H3O+
Intra-molecular OH
H-Bonding
(A) (B)
OH OH
65. (4)
CH3— CH 2— CH — Cl
(III) (IV)
CH3
NO2
–I –M
NO2 –
I (CH3)3CO –K+
Acidic strength:- IV > II > III > I CH3— CH 2— CH CH 2
(CH3)3COH
60. (4) (A)
OH CH3O–K+
O CH3— CH CH — CH
CH3OH 3
(1) CH3 C CH3 CH3 C CH2 (B)
keto enol 1. A has 2H at C, hence cannot show G.I
2. B has two different groups at both carbons,
hence can show G.I
3. A can B are positional isomers.
 Part Test - 03 7

66. (4) 75. (4)

OH I. Neopentylalcohol
CH3
OH OH CH2— CH 2

< < CH3 C CH2—OH CH3 C CH — CH3

Rearran-
gement
CH3 CH3
OH
II. Ter. Pentyl alcohol
CH — CH3
OH
<
CH3 C CH2— CH3 CH3 C CH — CH3
Dehydration depends upon stability of CH3 CH3
carbocation.
67. (4) III. Iso-pentyl alcohol
Br CH3 CH CH2— CH2— OH CH3 C CH — CH3
Rearran-
gement
CH3 CH3
CH2— CH CH — CH3
3
IV. 3-methylbutan-2-all
NBS CH3 CH CH — CH3 CH3 CH C — CH3
OH CH3 CH3
NBS is N-Bromosuccinamide which favours 76. (2)
free radical substitution reaction. CH3 CH2— CH — Cl alc.
68. (2) KOH
O CH3
O
C — CH 3
Red hot CH 3— C — Cl CH3 —CH == CH — CH3+ CH 3— CH 2— CH
CH CH (major)
Fe Tube AlCl 3
CH2
(minor)
Acetophenone
77. (3)
69. (3)
Free radical mechanism:-
The brown ring test is a qualitative chemical Anode
test for the nitrate ion ( NO3 − ). In the presence 2CH3— CH — COO Na – + elect
CH3— CH — CH — CH 3+ 2CO 2
of Fe2+ (from FeSO4 ), when the solution is 2H2O
CH3 CH3 CH3
acidified with HCl and then added to a solution
containing nitrate ions, a brown ring forms due
Cathode
to the formation of the complex ion
[Fe(H2 O)5 (NO)]2+ . 78. (2)
O O
70. (1) COOH
∆ NH2– NH 2
Cl decarbox- OH–
ylation Glycol
(wolf-kishner hν/Cl2
(A) (B)
reduction)
71. (4)
Cl
CH3 CH 3

O 2N NO 2
CH 3Cl HNO 3
AlCl 3 H 2SO4 (C)
(excess)

NO 2
79. (4)
(TNT)
(i) O3
72. (3) (ii) H2O/Zn CHO + CH3CHO
1 M of 10mLH2 SO4 = 1M of 20mLNH3 1000 mL 80. (2)
of 1 M ammonia contains 14 g nitrogen 20 mL (i) O3 CHO
14×20
of 1 M ammonia contains g nitrogen (ii) [Link]
CHO
1000 (A)
14×20×100
Percentage of nitrogen = = 56.0%
1000×0.5 CHO
73. (2) KMnO4
(B) CH ≡ CH – → 
OH
Rate of decarboxylation ∝ stability of CHO
carbanion
H2 SO4
74. (4) (C) CH ≡ CH 
HgSO4
→ CH3 — CHO
() 3 i O
CH3 – =
CH CH2 →
(ii) Zn H2 O CH3 – CHO + HCHO BH3 THF
(D) CH ≡ CH 
H O OH–
→ CH3 — CHO
2 2
8 Part Test - 03

81. (2) nervous system and are therefore known as

OH involuntary muscles.
Cr2O3/Al 2O3 Zn 92. (4)
CH3(CH2)6CH3
Hint: Ability to respond to a stimulus
(P) (Q) Sol.: Muscles have the special properties like
82. (1) excitability, contractility, extensibility and
Free-radical substitution is favoured in thermal elasticity.
condition. • The property of shortening and then returning
83. (3) to relaxed state of the muscle fibre is called
Al2 C3 + H2 O → CH4 + Al ( OH)3 elasticity. A stimulus such as nerve impulse,
hormones, mechanical, thermal or chemical
84. (4)
stimulus are required for excitation of the
Since o - nitrophenol is steam volatile muscles which then causes muscles to
(intramolecular H - bond) and insoluble in contract.
water, it is separated from p - nitrophenol by 93. (4)
steam distillation. Hint: Lies along the peripheries of the body
85. (3) Sol.: The Central Nervous System (CNS)
Pd/C favours the formation of cis-alkenes from includes the brain and the spinal cord and is
alkynes (partial hydrogenation) the site of information processing and control.
86. (3) • The peripheral Nervous System (PNS) lies
1. CO2 → turns lime water milky along the peripheries of the body. It comprises
2. SO2 → Pungent smell all the nerves of the body associated with the
3. H2 S → Rotten egg smell CNS.
4. NO2 → Brown vapours 94. (2)
87. (3) Hint: Possess centre which controls
Electron donating group increases the respiration
electron density on benzene ring towards Sol.: The medulla oblongata contains centres
electrophilic substitution reaction. which control respiration, cardiovascular
88. (4) reflexes and gastric secretions.
Nitration • The hypothalamus contains a number of
Step1: Generation of electrophile centres which control body temperature, urge
for eating and drinking.
+ • Cerebellum does not initiate the movements of
–H2O
H O the body but modulates or reorganises the
89. (3) motor commands.
[Link] 95. (2)
CH3 CH2 Cl  → CH3 CH2 CH3
[Link]
3.CH3 –Cl
Hint: The nerve fibre which lacks Nissl's
granules.
90. (4)
Sol.: The dendrites branch repeatedly to
B.P ∝ molecular weight
further give rise to smaller fibres. The
dendrites of one neuron receive electrical
impulses from different sources, i.e., other
neurons and then transmit these impulses
Biology towards the cell body of the neuron to which
91. (3) they belong.
Hint: Visceral muscles • Axon lacks Nissl's granules and they carry
Sol.: Visceral muscles are located in the inner impulses away from the cyton to a synapse or
walls of hollow visceral organs of the body like to a neuromuscular junction.
the alimentary canal, reproductive tract, etc. 96. (4)
They do not exhibit any striations and are Hint: Inner parts of cerebral hemisphere
smooth in appearance. Hence, they are called Sol.: The inner parts of cerebral hemispheres
smooth muscles (nonstriated). Their activities and a group of deep structures like amygdala,
are not under the voluntary control of the hippocampus, etc., form a complex structure
called the limbic lobe or limbic system. Along
Part Test - 03 9

with the hypothalamus, it is involved in the surface has negative charge. At rest, sodium-
regulation of sexual behaviour, expression of potassium pump transports 3Na+ outwards for
emotional reactions (e.g., excitement, 2 K + into the cell.
pleasure, rage and fear), and motivation. 101. (1)
97. (1) Hint: Commonly found in autonomous neural
Hint: Movement and locomotion cannot be system
studied separately Sol.: There are two types of axons, namely
myelinated and unmyelinated. In PNS, the
Sol.: Muscle bundles or fascicles are held
myelinated nerve fibres are enveloped with
together by a common collagenous
Schwann cells, which form a myelin sheath
connective tissue layer called fascia.
around the axon. Unmyelinated nerve fibre is
Locomotion requires a perfect coordinated enclosed by a Schwann cell that does not form
activity of muscular, skeletal and neural a myelin sheath around the axon, and is
systems. commonly found in the somatic and
Methods of locomotion performed by animals autonomous neural systems.
vary with their habitats and the demand of the 102. (4)
situation. Hint: Function performed by a part of hindbrain
98. (4) Sol.: Hypothalamus lies at the base of the
Hint: Assist in forming the shoulder joint thalamus. It contains a number of centres
Sol.: Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones. which control body temperature, urge for
Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of eating and drinking. It also contains several
three bones-ilium, ischium and pubis. At the groups of neurosecretory cells, which secrete
point of fusion of the above bones is a cavity hormones called hypothalamic hormones.
The medulla oblongata contains centres
called acetabulum to which the thigh bone
which control respiration, cardiovascular
articulates.
reflexes and gastric secretions.
Below the acromion is a depression called the
103. (2)
glenoid cavity which articulates with the head Hint: It passes through the centre of H-zone
of the humerus to form the shoulder joint. Sol.: The H-zone in the skeletal muscle fibre is
99. (4) due to the central gap between actin filaments
Hint: Skeletal system in an adult man extending through myosin filaments in the A-
comprises 206 bones. band.
Sol.: Mechanism of muscle contraction is best • 'M' line is a thin fibrous membrane.
explained by the sliding filament theory which • Sarcomere is the functional unit of contraction,
states that contraction of a muscle fibre takes that has a central ' 𝐴𝐴 ' band made of thick
place by the sliding of the thin filaments over myosin filaments, and two half ' 𝐼𝐼 ' bands made
the thick filaments. of thin actin filaments on either side of ' 𝑍𝑍 '
• Stimulation of a muscle fibre by a motor lines.
neuron occurs at the neuromuscular junction. 104. (2)
Hint: Rapid spasms is seen in this disorder
• Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder
Sol.:
characterised by decreased bone mass and
• Myasthenia gravis - Auto-immune disorder
increased chances of fractures.
affecting neuromuscular junction leading to
Decreased levels of estrogen is a common
fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal
cause. muscle.
100. (2) • Muscular dystrophy - Progressive
Hint: Helps in restoring the resting potential degeneration of skeletal muscle mostly due to
after hyperpolarisation genetic disorder.
Sol.: When a neuron is not conducting any • Gout - Inflammation of joints due to
impulse, i.e., resting, the axonal membrane is accumulation of uric acid crystals.
comparatively more permeable to potassium 105. (4)
ions and nearly impermeable to sodium ions. Hint: Largest and strongest facial bone
Similarly, the membrane is impermeable to 106. (1)
negatively charged proteins present in the Hint: Vital for the control of rapid muscular
axoplasm. activities
• The outer surface of the axonal membrane Sol.: Three major regions make up the brain
possesses a positive charge while its inner stem; mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata.
10 Part Test - 03

Brain stem forms the connections between the • The contractile protein of skeletal muscle
brain and spinal cord. Cerebrum and involving ATPase activity is myosin.
hypothalamus are parts of the forebrain. • Troponin and tropomyosin are regulatory
107. (3) proteins in the muscle contraction.
Hint: Storehouse of calcium ions 111. (2)
Sol.: Myoglobin content is high in some of the Hint: Present between internodes
muscles which give a reddish appearance. Sol.: In myelinated nerve fibres of PNS
Such muscles are called the red muscle fibres. (cranial nerves and spinal nerves), nodes of
These muscles also contain plenty of Ranvier are present in between internodes.
mitochondria which can utilize the large Nodes of Ranvier have axolemma and
amount of oxygen stored in them for ATP neurilemma but they lack myelin sheath.
production. These muscles, therefore, can 112. (2)
also be called aerobic muscles. Hint: Vertebrochondral ribs are also known as
• On the other hand, some of the muscles false ribs.
possess very less quantity of myoglobin and Sol.: The first cervical vertebrae is Atlas and
therefore, appear pale or whitish. These are the second is called Axis. On the upper
the white fibres. Number of mitochondria are surface of atlas, there is presence of kidney-
also few in them, but the amount of shaped facets for articulation with the
sarcoplasmic reticulum is high. They depend condyles of the occipital bone.
on anaerobic process for energy. • Sternum is a flat bone present on the ventral
108. (4) midline of the thorax. It is present just under
Hint: Function attributed to association area the skin in the middle of the chest.
Sol.: The cerebral cortex contains motor area, 113. (2)
sensory areas and large regions that are Hint: In Hydra, neurons are not organised to
neither clearly sensory nor motor in function. form an organ.
These regions called the association area are Sol.: The neural organisation is very simple in
responsible for complex functions like lower invertebrates. For example, in Hydra, it
intersensory associations, memory and is composed of a network of neurons. The
communication. neurons system is better organised in insects,
• Medulla oblongata contains centres which where a brain is present along with a number
control respiration, gastric secretions and of ganglia and neural tissues. The vertebrates
cardiovascular reflexes. have a more developed neural system.
• Pneumotaxic centre is present in pons, which 114. (3)
can moderate the functions of the respiratory Hint: Sympathetic and parasympathetic neural
rhythm centre located in the medulla systems have antagonistic effects on the
oblongata. organs.
109. (2) Sol.: During fight, fright and flight response,
Hint: Hip joint catecholamines are secreted from adrenal
Sol.: Ball and socket joint is the most free joint medulla.
of all joints. It is present in shoulder joint and • In sympathetic neural system, the
hip joint. neurotransmitter is adrenaline/noradrenaline.
• Hinge joint is present between tibia and femur 115. (2)
(knee joint). Pivot joint is present between Hint: Hormones majorly act on distantly
atlas and axis, radius and ulna. located target cells.
• Saddle joint is present between carpal and Sol.: Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals
metacarpal of human thumb. which act as intercellular messengers and are
110. (3) majorly produced in traces by organised
Hint: Does not allow any movement endocrine glands.
Sol.: Fibrous joint is shown by the flat skull 116. (1)
bones which fuse end-to-end with the help of Hint: Hormone responsible for growth of the
dense fibrous connective tissues in the form of body.
sutures, to form the cranium. Sol.: Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal,
pancreas, parathyroid, thymus and gonads
are considered as the organised endocrine
Part Test - 03 11

glands. GIT, liver, kidneys and heart are from renal tubules but TCT decreases blood
considered as non-organised endocrine calcium by its deposition on bones and
organs because they have only certain cells to preventing reabsorption of calcium from renal
produce hormones. tubules. FSH and LH as well as renin and
117. (3) aldosterone are synergistic pairs of hormones.
Hint: Anterior pituitary is under hormonal 123. (3)
control of hypothalamus. Hint: This disease is also called exophthalmic
Sol.: Hypophysis is divided into two parts- goitre.
adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Sol.: Diabetes insipidus is caused due to
Adenohypophysis is under hormonal control hyposecretion of ADH. Addison's disease is
of hypothalamus whereas neurohypophysis is caused due to hyposecretion of corticoids.
under direct neural control of the Dwarfism is caused due to hyposecretion of
hypothalamus. Releasing hormones increase growth hormone during childhood. Graves'
secretion of adenohypophysis whereas disease is caused due to hypersecretion by
inhibitory hormones inhibit its secretion. thyroid gland.
118. (1) 124. (4)
Hint: Androgens in males regulate libido Hint: Androgens are mainly produced in
Sol.: Androgens (testosterone) in males act on gonads.
the central neural system and influence the Sol.: Androgens are secreted from testes
male sexual behaviour. Libido in females is under the effect of LH from anterior pituitary.
under the control of oestrogen. GnRH acts on Small amount of androgens are also
anterior lobe of pituitary gland. synthesised by zona reticularis layer of
119. (1) adrenal cortex. Adenohypophysis consists of
Hint: Glucagon is antagonistic to insulin. two parts-pars distalis and pars intermedia in
Sol.: Glucagon decreases uptake of glucose which only pars distalis is considered as
by cells, increases glycogenolysis and anterior lobe.
gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes of liver. So, it 125. (2)
increases blood glucose level Hint: Synthesized from a temporary endocrine
(hyperglycemia). structure
120. (3) Sol.: Estrogen and progesterone are
Hint: Intracellular receptors synthesized during menstrual cycle as well as
Sol.: Steroid hormones and iodothyronines during pregnancy from ovary of human
interact with intracellular receptors and mostly female. Relaxin is also synthesized from ovary
regulate gene expression by the interaction of during later stages of pregnancy. Inhibin is
hormone-receptor complex with the genome. synthesized during follicular phase of
TCT and insulin are protein hormones. menstrual cycle. hCG and hPL are
Melatonin is an amino-acid derivative. synthesized from placenta.
121. (3) 126. (3)
Hint: Synthesized by follicular cells Hint: Abnormal growth of certain parts of body
Sol.: Thyroxine is main hormone of thyroid Sol.: Diabetes mellitus is caused due to
gland and regulates development and hyposecretion of insulin. Cretinism is caused
maturation of CNS, metabolism of due to hyposecretion of thyroxine.
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, Acromegaly is caused due to hypersecretion
erythropoiesis, BMR, and menstrual cycle. of growth hormone in adults. Tetany is caused
Thymosins are synthesized from thymus due to hyposecretion of parathormone.
gland. TCT has a role in calcium regulation of 127. (4)
the body. Hint: RBC count is more in males than
122. (4) females.
Hint: TCT is a hypocalcemic hormone. Sol.: Thyroxine from thyroid gland, androgens
Sol.: Both parathormone and thyrocalcitonin from testes, cortisol from adrenal cortex and
are antagonistic hormones with respect to erythropoietin from kidneys promote
blood calcium because parathormone production of RBCs within red bone marrow.
increases blood calcium by dissolution of So, all these hormones are called
bones as well as by reabsorption of calcium
12 Part Test - 03

erythropoietic hormones and process of RBC myoglobin for aerobic respiration, not few
production is called erythropoiesis. mitochondria.
128. (3) Statement B is also incorrect because white
Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other muscle fibres are anaerobic, not aerobic, and
neurons and conduct them towards the cell produce ATP mainly through glycolysis.
body (cyton), so Statement A is correct. Therefore, both statements are wrong.
From the cyton, the axon carries impulses 135. (3)
away from the cell body to the nerve endings, The Na⁺–K⁺ pump maintains the resting
making Statement B correct. membrane potential of a neuron by active
Thus, both statements correctly describe the transport.
direction of nerve impulse conduction. For every one ATP molecule used, it pumps 3
129. (3) Na⁺ ions out of the cell and 2 K⁺ ions into the
Assertion (A) is true because Graves’ disease cell.
causes enlargement of the thyroid gland,
This unequal exchange helps maintain the
increased BMR, weight loss, and protrusion of
polarized state of the neuron.
eyeballs (exophthalmos).
136. (3)
Reason (R) is false because Graves’ disease
Hint: Meristems that occur in the mature
is a form of hyperthyroidism, not
regions of roots and shoots of many plant
hypothyroidism.
produce woody axis and help in secondary
Thus, the assertion is correct but the reason is
growth.
incorrect.
Sol.: Lateral meristems help in lateral growth
130. (3)
that occurs later in the life of the plant i.e.,
Graves’ disease is caused by hypersecretion
secondary growth.
of thyroid hormones (thyroxine) leading to
137. (1)
hyperthyroidism.
Hint: Parenchyma forms the major component
Thyroid hormones mainly regulate the
within organs.
metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and
Sol.: The cells of parenchyma are generally
fats, increasing the basal metabolic rate
(BMR). isodiametric. Their walls are thin and made up
Therefore, the hormone involved affects of cellulose. They may either be closely
overall body metabolism. packed or have small intercellular spaces.
131. (3) They perform functions like photosynthesis,
Assertion (A) is true because adrenal medulla storage, secretion etc.
secretes catecholamines (adrenaline and 138. (2)
noradrenaline), which act as emergency or Hint: Collenchyma is absent in monocots.
“fight and flight” hormones. Sol.: Cells of collenchyma are closely packed
Reason (R) is false because these hormones with no intercellular spaces and they are living
increase heart rate, respiration rate, cardiac cells.
output, and blood glucose level — they do not 139. (3)
decrease them. Hint: Phloem parenchyma is seen in
Thus, the assertion is correct but the reason is dicotyledonous plants.
incorrect. Sol.: Phloem parenchyma is absent in most of
132. (4) the monocotyledons.
Sliding of thin filaments over thick filaments The cell wall of phloem parenchyma is
133. (1) composed of cellulose and has pits through
The hormone that acts on both the pancreas which plasmodesmatal connections exist
and gall bladder is Cholecystokinin (CCK). between the cells.
CCK stimulates the pancreas to release The phloem parenchyma stores food material
pancreatic enzymes and causes contraction and other substances like resins, latex and
of the gall bladder to release bile juice. mucilage.
Thus, it helps in digestion of fats and proteins. 140. (4)
134. (1) Hint: Lateral roots are endogenous in origin.
Statement A is incorrect because red muscle Sol.: In dicots, lateral roots arise from the
fibres contain many mitochondria and high pericycle.
Part Test - 03 13

141. (4) Pericycle gives rise to lateral roots as well as

Hint: Roots have radial vascular bundles. form vascular cambium in dicot roots during
Sol.: Conjoint, collateral, closed vascular secondary growth.
bundles are found in monocot stem where 148. (3)
xylem and phloem are present on same radius Hint: Exarch xylem is a feature of roots.
and cambium is not present. Sol.: Water-containing cavities are present in
142. (3) vascular bundles of monocot stems. Ring-like
Hint: Stems have conjoint, collateral vascular arrangement of vascular bundles is present in
bundles with endarch xylem. dicot stem.
Sol.: Vascular cambium is present in dicot 149. (3)
stems In monocot stems, cambium is absent Hint: Primary meristem appears early in life of
i.e., closed vascular bundles are present. plants and responsible for primary growth of
Hypodermis in dicot stems is collenchymatous plants.
whereas in monocot stems hypodermis is Sol.: • Cork is redifferentiated or secondary
sclerenchymatous. permanent tissue.
143. (3) • Phellogen or cork cambium is de-
Hint: Cuticle is a coating of cutin (waxy differentiated or secondary meristematic
substance) to prevent transpirational loss of tissue.
water. • Vascular cambium is a secondary meristem.
Sol.: Cuticle is required in aerial plant parts 150. (3)
like stem and leaf. Thus, it is absent in Hint: Stomata regulate the process of
underground part i.e., roots. transpiration and gaseous exchange.
144. (3) Sol.: A few epidermal cells, in the vicinity of the
Hint: Scattered vascular bundles are found in guard cells become specialised in their shape
monocot stems. and size and are known as subsidiary cells.
Sol.: Gram, China rose and mustard are dicots Each stoma is composed of two bean-shaped
which have ring-like arrangements of vascular cells known as guard cells which enclose
bundles. stomatal pore.
145. (3) 151. (2)
Hint: Casparian strips are barrier or check Growth is founding simples organisms.
points formed due to deposition of suberin. 152. (3)
Sol.: The tangential as well as radial walls of Taxonomic key is based on couplets and
endodermal cells have a deposition of water leads.
impermeable, waxy material suberin in the 153. (2)
form of casparian strips in roots (both dicots Tigris refers to tiger (Panthera tigris), an
and monocots) acting as barrier or check animal.
points for transport. 154. (2)
146. (2) Petunia is a dicot (family Solanaceae).
Hint: In dicot leaves, mesophyll cells are 155. (4)
differentiated into two layers, palisade ICBN applies to plants → eukaryotic
parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. (membrane-bound organelles) and cellulose
Sol.: Bulliform cells are specialised modified, cell wall.
large, empty, colourless epidermal cells of 156. (3)
isobilateral leaves of monocots which help in Brinjal.
curling of leaves to minimise surface area and 157. (2)
reduce transpirational loss of water. Region of maturation bears root hairs.
147. (2) 158. (2)
Hint: Casparian strips act as barrier or check In Maize, scutellum is the cotyledon.
point and control the quantity of solutes that 159. (3)
reach the xylem. Mustard plant shows parietal placentation.
Sol.: Casparian strips are present in 160. (2)
endodermis. Syncarpous = fused carpels.
161. (4)
Arise from parts other than radicle.
14 Part Test - 03

162. (3) 171. (1)

Members have tepals (e.g., Lilium). In pea, largest posterior petal = standard
163. (3) (vexillum).
Ovules attached to inner wall/periphery. 172. (1)
164. (3) Basal placentation usually has single ovule at
base.
Fruit without fertilisation.
173. (3)
165. (1)
Brinjal is hypogynous; others are perigynous.
Rose is perigynous (gynoecium central; 174. (3)
others at rim). All tissues inside endodermis.
166. (4) 175. (1)
Gulmohar is zygomorphic (A correct). Monocot roots (e.g., Maize) are polyarch (>6
xylem patches).
Mustard plant and Datura are actinomorphic,
176. (3)
not asymmetric. 2-4 xylem phloem patches in dicot root.
167. (1) 177. (3)
Higher taxa share fewer similarities. Stomata equally distributed (common in
168. (2) monocots).
178. (4)
Genus of cat.
Pea (Pea) is diadelphous (9+1).
169. (4)
179. (1)
Basics: identification, nomenclature, Features match Brassicaceae
classification. (tetradynamous stamens, siliqua fruit).
170. (3) 180. (1)
Protects tender root apex.
(Standard diagram sequence)