Human Rights

Concepts and Principles

PMAJ ARISTEO T TAJON

Chief, Non-Academic Section
NHQ-NSUs Police Training Center
In your own words, how would
you define Human Rights?
Human Rights:
◼ “Basic rights and freedoms that all
human beings have”.
 QUESTION:

◼ What happened from1939

to 1945?
SOURCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAWS
(History)

◼ Extermination of 6 Million Jews

horrified the world
➢After WW2:
◼Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials
➢Officials were punished for:
[Link] Crimes
[Link] against peace
[Link] against Humanity
The Birth of UNITED NATIONS
-Bolster International Peace

SOURCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAWS

[Link] Bill of Human Rights
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR)
◼ Adopted
by the United Nations GA through the UN
Commission on Human Rights (Eleanor Roosevelt)
◼ Customary International Law
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

QUESTION:
If UDHR is well developed, why are HUMAN
RIGHTS abused and ignored, time and time
again, ALL OVER THE WORLD?
A. International Bill of Human Rights
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR)
◼Not a “Hard Law”
◼No Binding Force- on its own

2. International Covenant on Civil

and Political Rights (ICCPR)
◼Right to life, freedom of speech, religion, voting
3. International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights (ICESCR)
◼Right to education, Right to work, right to food
B. Subsequent International Human Rights
Documents
1. International Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination (ICERD)
2. Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination Against
Women (CEDAW)
3. Convention on the Rights of the
Child (CRC)(1989)

4. Convention Against Torture and

Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (CAT)(1984)
5. Convention on the Protection of
Migrant Workers and their
Families
➢ Convention on the Protection of Migrant Workers and their Families

6. Convention on the Rights of

Persons with Disabilities (2009)
➢ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

7. International Convention For The

Protection Of All Persons From Enforced
Disappearance
C. Relevant Human Rights Provision of
1987 Philippine Constitution
1. Bill of Rights
➢ Article III
2. Declaration of Principles and State
Policies
➢ Article II
3. Social Justice and Human Rights
➢ Article XIII
D. Domestic Laws & Issuances
1. RA 8731 - Indigenous Peoples Rights Act
(IPRA)
2. RA 7279 - Urban Dev’t Housing Act (UDHA)
3. RA 7277 - Magna Carta for Disabled
Persons
➢ RA 7277

4. RA 9262 - Anti-Violence Against Women &

Their Children
➢ RA 9262
5. RA 9208 - Anti-Trafficking Against Persons
Act
➢ RA 9208

6. RA 7610 - Child Abuse Law

➢ RA 7610

7. RA 9344 - Juvenile Justice Welfare Act

➢ RA 9344

8. RA 7438 - Rights of Persons Arrested,

Detained or Under Custodial
Investigation
➢ RA 7438
9. RA 9745 - Anti-Torture Act
➢ RA 9745
10. Specific provisions under Revised Penal Code
relative to human rights
Basic Principles of
Human Rights
Principles and characteristics of Human
rights : inherent, fundamental,
inalienable, imprescriptible, indivisible,
universal and interdependent.
 Human rights are INHERENT
because they are not granted by
any person or authority. They do
not need any event for their
existence. Some examples of
these rights are the right to life
and the right to dignity as human
being.
 Human rights are
FUNDAMENTAL because
without them the life and dignity
of man will be meaningless.
Some examples of human rights
as fundamental are the right to
individual liberty and security of
a person or freedom of thought
or religion.
 Human rights are UNIVERSAL to all
human beings irrespective of their
origin, status or condition or place
where they live. Human rights are
universal because said rights can be
enforced without national border.
 Human rights are INDIVISIBLE
because they are not capable of
being divided. They cannot be
denied even when other rights
have already been enjoyed.
Examples of these are the
freedom of expression of belief or
opinion. They include the right to
freedom of religion and worship.
 Human rights are
INTERDEPENDENT because the
fulfillment or exercise of one right
cannot be attained without the
realization of the other. The respect
of human rights necessarily includes
the realization of man’s dignity. An
example is the right to life and
existence as a person. These cannot
be realized without the right to work
in order to maintain a good standard
of living.
 Human rights are
IMPRESCRIPTIBLE because
they cannot be lost even by a
long passage of time. Man does
not lose his rights even if he fails
to use or assert them. Some
examples are freedom of
thought, conscience and religion.
 Human rights are
INALIENABLE because they
cannot be rightfully taken away
from a free individual. An
example is the freedom from
TORTURE. No authority can
validly and legally torture an
individual. They cannot be given
away or be forfeited.
Laws on HR Violations:
◼ RA 9745 (Anti-torture law)
◼ RA 10353 (Anti-Enforced or Involuntary
disappearance)
◼ RA 9851 (Act defining and penalizing
crimes vs IHL, genocide and other
crimes vs humanity)
◼ RA 7438 (Rights of persons arrested,
detained, under custodial investigation)
Salient points of RA 9745 (Anti-
torture law)
➢ punishment inflicted by a person in
authority or agent of a person in
authority upon another in his/her
custody.
➢ Separate & independent criminal act.
➢ Penalty: from prision correccional (6
months & 1 day - 6 yrs) to reclusion
perpetua (20 yrs & 1 day – 40 yrs)
Salient points of RA 10353 (Anti-
Enforced or Involuntary disappearance)
➢ Arrest, detention, abduction or any other
form of deprivation of liberty by agents of
the State.
➢ Superior officers who order are implicated
in a disappearance face the same penalty as
those who directly carried out the crime.
➢ Penalty: reclusion perpetua (20 yrs & 1 day
– 40 yrs) or life imprisonment
Salient points of RA 9851 (Act
defining and penalizing crimes vs IHL,
genocide and other crimes vs
humanity)
➢ War crimes (killing, torture, depriving a
prisoner of war of the rights of fair and
regular trial, taking of hostages, use of
children as combatants, etc.)
➢ Imprescriptible
➢ Penalty: from reclusion temporal (12 yrs,
1 day – 20 yrs) to reclusion perpetua (20
yrs & 1 day – 40 yrs)
Salient points of RA 7438 (Rights of
persons arrested, detained, under
custodial investigation)
➢ Inform them of their rights
➢ Extra-judicial confession & waiver shall be
in writing & signed in the presence of a
counsel
➢ Penalty:
Obstruction from visiting - NLT 4 yrs but
NMT 6 yrs & P4,000 fine.
Failure to inform of his rights - NLT 8 yrs
but NMT 10 yrs or a fine of P6,000 or both.
Policy Prescribing the Presentation or Non-
Presentation of Suspect/s to the Media dated
October 7, 2008 signed by PDG JESUS A
VERZOSA, then Chief, PNP
◼ administrative sanction “PNP personnel
found violating this Guideline shall be
administratively charged for Less Grave
Neglect of duty pursuant to Rule 21 of
NAPOLCOM MEMO CIRCULAR 2007-
001”.
◼
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF HR
1. According to Source 4. According to Derogability
a. Natural/Moral Rights a. Derogable
b. Legal Rights b. Non-derogable
2. According to Aspect of Life
a. Civil Rights
b. Political Rights
c. Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights

3. According to Recipient
a. Individual
b. Collective
◼ According to Source Classifications of HR

Natural Rights are GOD given rights, acknowledged

by everybody to be morally good. They are
unwritten but they prevail as norms of society.
Constitutional Rights are those rights which are
conferred and protected by the constitution and
which cannot be modified or taken away by the
law-making body.
Statutory Rights are those rights which are provided
by law, promulgated by the law making body and
consequently, may be abolished by the same
body.
Constitutional Rights and statutory rights are
sometimes referred to as legal rights.
According to Aspect of Life

Civil Rights are those rights which the law will

enforce at the instance of private individual for
the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of
their means of happiness.

■ Right to Life.

■ Right to liberty

■ Right to freedom from torture

 Civil Rights:
◼ Right to freedom from discrimination.

◼ Right to be registered under a name.

◼ Right to due process.

◼ Right to be informed of criminal charges.

◼ Right to be presumed innocent.

◼ Right to freedom from giving self-incriminating

evidence
◼ Right to access to relevant information.

◼ Right to (free) legal assistance.

◼ Right to choose defense (have a legal counsel of one’s

choosing)

◼ Right to have adequate time and facilities to

prepare defense.

◼ Right to defend and be heard in person.

◼ Right to communication with defense counsel.

◼ Right to receive, seek and impart information.

◼ Right to freedom of conscience, opinion and political
belief.

◼ Right to freedom of religion.

◼ Right to humane treatment (freedom from cruel,

degrading, or inhuman treatment or punishment).

◼ Right to freedom from double jeopardy.

◼ Right to protection from abuse of authority.

◼ Right to non-retroactivity of penalty (Ex Post Facto

Law).
◼ Right to appeal.

◼ Right to security in one’s privacy of home.

◼ Right to privacy of communication and

correspondence.

◼ Right to protection of honor and reputation.

◼ Right to liberty of movement (freedom of travel).

◼ Right to freedom of residence.

◼ Right to marry (including right not to enter into

marriage without giving free and full consent).

◼ Right not to be deprived of property arbitrarily.

◼ Right to freedom of imprisonment due to debt.

◼ Right not to be arbitrarily deported.

◼ Right to enter a country and leave the country.

◼ Right to freedom from racial or religious

discrimination.
◼ According to Aspect of Life Classifications of HR

Political Rights are those rights which enable us to

participate in running the affairs of the
government either directly or indirectly.

■ Right to self-determination.

■ Right to freedom of expression (including press

freedom).

■ Right to freedom of assembly.

 Political Rights:
◼ Right to freedom of association.

◼ Right to vote and be voted upon.

◼ Right to political participation (to campaign and/or

participate in party politics, etc.).

◼ Right to free and periodic elections.

◼ Right to equal access to public service (including right

to be elected to office).
According to Aspect of Life

Economic and Social Rights are those

which the law confers upon the people
to enable them to achieve social and
economic development, thereby
ensuring them their well being,
happiness and financial security
■ Right to work.

■ Right to choice of employment.

 Economic and Social Rights:
◼ Right to own property.

◼ Right to adequate standards of living.

◼ Right to access to education.

◼ Right to found a family.

◼ Right to respect and protection of the family as the

fundamental unit of a society.

◼ Right to social security.

◼ Right to insurance.
◼ Right to social and medical assistance.
◼ Right to adequate nutrition.

◼ Right to social welfare benefits and freedom from

indispensable research.

◼ Right to enjoyment of scientific advancements.

Cultural Rights are those that ensure the well-being of the
individual and foster the preservation, enrichment, and
dynamic evolution of national culture based on the
principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic
and intellectual expression.

■ Right to take part in cultural life.

◼ According to Recipient Classifications of HR

Individual Rights are those rights being

accorded to individuals.

Collective Rights (also called “The Peoples

Rights” or Solidarity Rights) are rights of
the society, those that can be enjoyed
only in company with others.
 According to Derogability
◼ Derogable or Relative Rights – may be suspended or
restricted or limited depending on the circumstances which
call for the preservation of social life.
EXAMPLE
- right to freely move maybe limited through the imposition of
curfews
- the right to freedom of expression, freedom of assembly
and freedom of association
In re: COVID-19
Section 6, Art. III, Bill of Rights, Consti
“xxxNeither shall the right to travel be impaired except in
the interest of national security, public safety, or
public health, as may be provided by law
 Classifications of HR

◼ According to Derogability

Non-Derogable or Absolute Rights

are those that cannot be suspended
nor taken away nor restricted/limited
even in extreme emergency and
even if the government invokes
national security.
There are only seven (7) non derogable rights or
ABSOLUTE RIGHTS under the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights:

1. Right to life

2. Freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman

or degrading treatment or punishment

3. Freedom from slavery and slave trade,

servitude or forced or compulsory labor

4. Freedom from imprisonment on the

ground of inability to fulfill a contractual
obligation
Non-Derogable Rights:

5. Right against ex post facto law

6. Right to recognition everywhere as a

person
before the law

7. Freedom of thought, conscience and

religion
 Three Conditions to Justify the
Suspension/Limitation of Human
Rights
1. It is provided for by law which is made
known to every citizen;
2. There is a state of emergency which
necessitates the urgent preservation of
the public good, public safety and
public morals; and
3. It does not exceed what is strictly
necessary to achieve its purpose.
STATE OBLIGATIONS
State Obligation
States have the first and main
responsibility to respect and protect the
rights of people within their territories or
under their effective control

Human Rights Violation- was

reserved to describe abuses committed by
states or state actors/agents – which may
include law enforcement personnel, military,
or civil authorities.
3 Levels of State Obligations
1. To respect human rights – means to refrain from
interfering with the enjoyment of people’s rights.

2. To protect human rights - means to implement laws that

provide equal protection to all persons from human rights
violations by state authorities or by non-state actors.

3. To fulfill human rights – refers to the act of establishing

institutions and implementing systems, mechanisms or
procedures that enable people to claim and enjoy their
rights.
DUTIES OF NON-STATE
ACTORS
DUTIES OF INDIVIDUALS TO EXERCISE
RIGHTS RESPONSIBLY

This pertains to duty of

individuals to act responsibly so
as not to exceed the limits of the
rights.
Universal Declaration on Human Rights
(UDHR) Art. 29.

- In the exercise of his rights and

freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to
such limitations as are determined by law
solely for the purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for the rights and
freedoms of others and of meeting the just
requirements of morality, public order and
the general welfare in a democratic society.
GENERAL DUTIES OF INDIVIDUALS
TOWARDS OTHERS AND COMMUNITY
Civil Code of the Philippines

Art. 19 - Every person must, in

the exercise of his rights and in
the performance of his duties, act
with justice, give everyone his
due, and observe honesty and
good faith.
 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of
1948
◼ 1st global expression of rights to which all human
beings are inherently entitled
◼ adopted unanimously by the General Assembly on
10 December 1948;
◼ common standard of achievement for all peoples
and all nations
◼ Sets out fundamental human rights to be universally
protected

63
◼ Article 1 All human beings are born
free and equal.

◼ Article 2 Everyone is entitled to the

same human rights without
discrimination of any kind.
◼ Article 3 Everyone has the human right to life,
liberty, and security.
◼ Article 4 No one shall be held in slavery or
servitude.
◼ Article 5 No one shall be subjected to torture or
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment.
◼ Article 6 Everyone has the human right to be
recognized everywhere as a person before the law
◼ Article 7 Everyone is equal before the law and has
the human right to equal protection of the law.
◼ Article 8 Everyone has the human right to a
remedy if their human rights are violated.
◼ Article 9 No one shall be arrested, detained,
or exiled arbitrarily.
◼ Article 10 Everyone has the human right to
a fair trial.
◼ Article 11 Everyone has the human right to
be presumed innocent until proven guilty.
◼ Article 12 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary
interference with his privacy, family, home or
correspondence, or to attacks upon one’s honor
and reputation.
◼ Article 13 Everyone has the human right to
freedom of movement and residence within the
state, to
leave any country and to return to one's country.
◼ Article 14 Everyone has the human right to seek
asylum from persecution.
◼ Article 15 Everyone has the human right to
a nationality.
◼ Article 16 All adults have the human right to
marry and found a family. Women and men
have equal
◼ human rights to marry, within marriage, and
at its dissolution.
◼ Article 17 Everyone has the human right to
own property.
◼ Article 18 Everyone has the human right to
freedom of thought, conscience and religion.

◼ Article 19 Everyone has the human right to

freedom of opinion and expression.

◼ Article 20 Everyone has the human right to

peaceful assembly and association.

◼ Article 21 Everyone has the human right to

take part in government of one's country
directly or through free and fair elections and
access to the public service
◼ Article 22 Everyone has the human right to social
security and to the realization of the economic,
social and cultural rights indispensable for dignity.

◼ Article 23 Everyone has the human right to work, to

just conditions of work, to protection against
unemployment, to equal pay for equal work, to
sufficient pay to ensure a dignified existence for
one's self and one's family, and the human right to
join a trade union.
◼

◼ Article 24 Everyone has the human right to rest

and leisure.
◼ Article 25 Everyone has the human right to a
standard of living adequate for health and well-
being, including food, clothing, housing, medical
care and necessary social services.

◼ Article 26 Everyone has the human right to

education including free and compulsory elementary
education and human rights education.
◼ Article 27 Everyone has the human right to
participate freely in the cultural life and to share in
scientific progress, as well as to protection of their
artistic, literary or scientific creations,
◼ Article 28 Everyone is entitled to a social and
international order in which these rights can be
realized fully.

◼ Article 29 Everyone has duties to the

community.

◼ Article 30 None of the human rights in this

Declaration can be used to justify violating
another human right
 HUMAN RIGHTS
IN LAW ENFORCEMENT
Principles of HR in Policing
Participation – involvement of the people
Accountability – PNP accountable to the people
Non-discrimination – serve the people w/o bias
Transparency – access to policies, docs, info
affecting their security/safety
Human dignity – PNP to value the dignity of
everyone at all times
Empowerment – PNP recognizes the people’s
power to explore & maximize
their potential
Rule of Law – PNP to enforce the law
 HUMAN RIGHTS IN LAW
ENFORCEMENT
WE ARE ALL HUMANS. ALL OF US HAVE
HUMAN RIGHTS.

HUMAN RIGHTS
CIVIL
POLITICAL
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
THE PEOPLE CULTURAL THE PNP /
GOVERNMENT
 HUMAN RIGHTS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT
1987 Phil. Constitution, Article II:
Sec 1. “Sovereignty resides in the People…
Section 3. “Civilian authority is, at all
times, supreme…”
PEOPLE GIVES
POWER & AUTHORITY
HUMAN RIGHTS
CIVIL
POLITICAL
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
THE PNP /
THE PEOPLE CULTURAL GOVERNMENT

POWERS OF THE STATE:

1. Power of Eminent Domain
2. Power of Taxation
3. Police Power
 HUMAN RIGHTS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT
Article 2, Sec. 4
1987 Phil. Constitution:
The prime duty of
Government is to Serve
and Protect the People.

PEOPLE GIVES AUTHORITY

HUMAN RIGHTS
CIVIL
POLITICAL
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
THE PEOPLE CULTURAL THE PNP /
GOVERNMENT
PNP MUST USE AUTHORITY
TO SERVE & PROTECT
THE PEOPLE
 LEGAL BASES WHY THE PNP IS A HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTOR

PNP PNP PNP CODE PNP PNP PNP PNP LOI 55/07
ETHICAL MOTTO OF HYMN PLEDGE BADGE CORE “Pamana”
DOCTRINE CONDUCT OF VALUES
HONOR
Chapter I To Serve Chapter 3 Bantay ng I will You have Makadiyos “...all members
Sec. 2: and Para 2: katahimikan. love been Makatao of the PNP
Protect... .. and entrusted Makabayan shall embrace
“… all members “...respect for serve God, with the Maka- the highest
of the human rights PNP Country and Badge as a Kalikasan principles of
Philippine as a high Lingkod ng People... symbol of the universal
National standard must bayan your declaration of
Police… shall be maintained worthiness human rights.”
serve with in the Kriminal as a police
utmost performance aming officer...
responsibility, of police kalaban
integrity, duties.” to serve
morality, Mamamayan and protect
loyalty, and paglilingkur the people
efficiency with an from whom
due respect to you derive
human rights the power
and dignity as and
hallmarks of a authority to
democratic enforce the
society,” laws of the
land
 WE, the POLICE, also have RIGHTS
Some Rights and Privileges We Enjoy:
Right to Work and
Our Salary and Allowances
Just Compensation
Right to Due Performance Evaluation, Summary
Process Hearing and Appeal System
Our Schooling Opportunities and
Right to Education
Scholarships for Deserving Dependents
Right to Rest Our Rest Days, Day-off, Vacations,
and Leisure Leaves, Christmas Parties, outings, etc.
Right to Housing Our Quartering and Housing Programs
Right to Social
Our Pension and Benefits System
Security
Right to Health Care Our Medical / Dental Services
 ROOT CAUSES OF
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
 Mission
Law Enforcement
(PNP)
GAP Accomplishment
 Arrest/Conviction of Criminals.
Crime Solution.
Justice for Victims.
Saving of lives.
Law enforcement.
Peace & Order.

Law Enforcement Mission

(PNP) GAP
 Law
Enforcement
(PNP)
GAP
UNPROFESSIONAL
BEHAVIOR

INCOMPETENCY
x
Mission
Accomplishment
 What happens when we don’t bridge the gap?

x
CRIMES ARE NOT SOLVED.

Law Enforcement Mission

Accomplishment
 What happens when we don’t bridge the gap?

x
JUSTICE DELAYED,
JUSTICE DENIED.

Law Enforcement Mission

Accomplishment
 What happens when we don’t bridge the gap?
THE PNP LOSES

x
TRUST &
CONFIDENCE
OF THE COMMUNITY

Law Enforcement Mission

Accomplishment
 What happens when we don’t bridge the gap?
PNP / GOVERNMENT

x
SUFFERS FROM CRITICISM
FROM MEDIA
& OTHER SECTORS;

OUR RELATIONS WITH

Law Enforcement Mission
THE INTERNATIONAL
(PNP) COMMUNITY IS AFFECTED. Accomplishment
 What happens when we don’t bridge the gap?

x
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
ARE COMMITTED.

Law Enforcement Mission

(PNP) Accomplishment
 What happens when we don’t bridge the gap?

x
WE COULD FACE CRIMINAL
& ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES;
END OF POLICE CAREER.

Law Enforcement Mission

Accomplishment
 HOW DO WE BRIDGE THE GAP?

Law Enforcement Mission

(PNP) Accomplished
 COMPETENCY
(“To Serve and Protect” – Human Rights and
Humanitarian Law for Police and Security Forces,
published by ICRC)
✓ Does not only mean “AUTHORIZED”.

✓ The mental and physical aptitude and attitude of

police officer in reacting to circumstance.

✓ Develop capacity through S – P – E – A – K

✓ (Skill, Perception, Experience, Ability, & Knowledge)

✓ Not affected by pressure, influence and

temptation.
 HOW DO WE BRIDGE THE GAP?

Law Enforcement Mission

(PNP) Accomplished
 PROFESSIONALISM
(By: Candice Solie, VP of Profile Evaluations, Inc, Minnesota, USA)

-A set of internalized
character strengths &
values

- Not just a set of appearance -High quality service to others

Nor just technical skill -Show of self-respect

-Commitment to excellence,
adherence to high standard of
behavior

-See work as service to others

-High level of responsibility

& respect to other’s rights
 HOW DO WE BRIDGE THE GAP?

Law Enforcement Mission

(PNP) Accomplished
 “All police personnel shall first
and foremost be mindful and
considerate of the protection of
every citizen’s honor, human
rights, and safety in the pursuit
of their responsibility in law
enforcement.”

95
 HOW DO WE BRIDGE THE GAP?

Law Mission
Enforcement Accomplished
(PNP)

HUMAN
RIGHTS-BASED
POLICING
 EXERCISE NO. 2:
HOW CAN WE ACCOMPLISH OUR
MISSION AND HOW DO WE AVOID
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS?
What is the formula?

ANSWER:

Human Rights-Based Policing=

COMPETENCY + PROFESSIONALISM + STRICT ADHERENCE TO

POLICE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES and RULE OF LAW
 What is Human Rights-Based
Policing?
• Human Rights Based Policing (HRBP) is the
comprehensive, systematic, and institutional adherence
to national or domestic laws on human rights; and
compliance with international human rights principles,
standards, and practices as well treaties, conventions,
and protocols related to law enforcement or police
functions.

98
HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED POLICING
▪ treating citizens and other stakeholders as Claim
Holders
with rights that must be respected and protected
by the police

▪ police personnel are Duty Holders with obligation

to respect, protect, and fulfill the rights of people
10 Basic International Human Rights
Standards for Law Enforcement

100
Standard 1: EQUAL PROTECTION

Everyone is entitled to equal protection of

the law, without discrimination on any
grounds, and especially vigilant to protect
potentially vulnerable groups such as
children, the elderly, women, refugees,
displaced persons, and members of
minority groups.

101
Standard 2: RESPECTFUL TREATMENT
Treat all citizens and victims of crime with
compassion and respect, with utmost
consideration for their need for safety and
privacy.

Standard 3: USE OF FORCE

Do not use force except when strictly
necessary and to the minimum extent required
under the circumstances.

102
Standard 4: POLICING NON-VIOLENT
ASSEMBLIES
Avoid using force when policing unlawful but non-violent
assemblies. When dispersing violent assemblies, use force
only to the minimum extent necessary.

Standard 5: USE OF LETHAL FORCE

Lethal force should not be used except when strictly
unavoidable in order to protect your life or the lives of
others.

103
Standard 6: ARRESTING PERSONS
ON LEGAL GROUNDS
Only arrest persons if there are legal grounds to do so, and
the arrest is carried out in accordance with lawful arrest
procedures.

Standard 7: DETAINEES’ RIGHTS

Ensure that all detainees, immediately after their arrest,
have access to their family and lawyer. They must also
be given immediate medical assistance whenever
necessary.

104
Standard 8: HUMANE TREATMENT
OF DETAINEES
All detainees must be treated humanely. Under any
circumstances, do not inflict, instigate, nor tolerate
any act of torture or ill-treatment, and refuse to obey
any order to do so.

Standard 9: REFUSAL TO OBEY

UNJUST ORDERS
Do not obey, order, or cover-up extra-legal killings
or enforced disappearance, and refuse to obey any
order to do so.

105
Standard 10: REPORTING VIOLATIONS

Report all violations of these standards to your

senior officer and to the nearest Prosecutor’s Office.
Do everything within your ability and authority to
ensure steps are taken to investigate violations of
these standards.

106
HUMAN RIGHTS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
During POLICE INTERVENTION
Key Points of Human Rights Principles and Practices for
Law Enforcement
(UN Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials)
✓ Perform duty under the law
✓ Respect and safeguard human rights
✓ Use force only when strictly necessary
✓ Respect confidentiality
✓ Never inflict any act of torture & other cruel treatment
✓ Safeguard the health of those in custody
✓ Do not commit any act of corruption
✓ Respect the rule of law
 SUMMARY
1. ALL OF US HAVE HUMAN RIGHTS .

2. OUR POWER & AUTHORITY IS FROM THE PEOPLE.

3. WE MUST USE POWER & AUTHORITY TO SERVE &

PROTECT PEOPLE.
4. TO SERVE AND PROTECT IS TO
RESPECT, PROTECT, & FULFILL HUMAN RIGHTS.

5. TO ACCOMPLISH OUR MISSION,

WE MUST PRACTICE RIGHTS-BASED POLICING:
- PROFESSIONALISM,
- COMPETENCY
- Strict adherence to Police Operational Procedures/Rule of Law.
PNP shall stay steadfast in the commitment to serve
and protect the Filipino people by institutionalizing
“RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AS A WAY OF LIFE”
THANK YOU
AND
GOOD DAY