In JavaScript, the FileReader API allows web applications to asynchronously read the
contents of File or Blob objects. Since File objects inherit from Blob, FileReader can be
used to read data from both.
Here's how to use FileReader with a Blob (or File): Create a FileReader instance.
JavaScript
let reader = new FileReader();
Attach event handlers: FileReader operates asynchronously and uses events to signal the
progress and completion of the read operation. Key event handlers include:
o onload: Fired when the read operation is successfully completed. The result is available
in [Link].
o onerror: Fired if an error occurs during the read operation.
o onabort: Fired if the read operation is aborted (e.g., by calling [Link]()).
o onloadstart, onprogress, onloadend: Provide more granular control over the reading
process.
JavaScript
[Link] = function(event) {
// The result of the read operation (e.g., text, Data URL,
ArrayBuffer)
[Link]([Link]);
};
[Link] = function(event) {
[Link]("Error reading Blob:", [Link]);
};
Initiate the read operation: FileReader provides several methods to read the Blob's content
in different formats:
o readAsText(blob, [encoding]): Reads the Blob as a text string. You can specify the
encoding (defaults to UTF-8).
o readAsArrayBuffer(blob): Reads the Blob as a raw binary ArrayBuffer.
o readAsDataURL(blob): Reads the Blob and encodes it as a Base64 data URL.
JavaScript
let myBlob = new Blob(["Hello, World!"], { type: "text/plain" });
[Link](myBlob); // Reads the blob as text
Example: Reading a File (which is a Blob) from an <input type="file">:
JavaScript
const fileInput = [Link]("file-input");
[Link]("change", (event) => {
const file = [Link][0]; // Get the selected file
if (file) {
const reader = new FileReader();
[Link] = (e) => {
[Link]("File content:", [Link]);
};
[Link] = (e) => {
[Link]("Error reading file:", [Link]);
};
[Link](file); // Read the file as text
}
});
//////////////////
BLOB:
In JavaScript, a Blob (Binary Large Object) is an object representing immutable, raw data. It
is a file-like object that can contain any type of data, including text, images, or other binary
content. Blobs are a fundamental part of the File API, allowing web applications to handle
and manipulate file data within the browser.
Key characteristics and uses of Blobs:
File-like object:
Blobs have properties like size (in bytes) and type (MIME type), similar to
actual File objects obtained from user input.
Immutability:
Once a Blob is created, its contents cannot be directly modified.
Handling binary data:
Blobs are ideal for working with raw binary data, such as images, audio, or video files,
without needing to convert them to Base64 strings, which can be less efficient.
Creation:
You can create a Blob using the Blob() constructor, passing an array of data parts (strings,
other Blobs, or ArrayBuffer objects) and an optional options object to specify the MIME
type.
JavaScript
const myBlob = new Blob(['Hello, world!'], { type: 'text/plain' });
Reading Blob content: The FileReader API can be used to read the content of a Blob as
text, a data URL (Base64 encoded), or an ArrayBuffer.
JavaScript
const reader = new FileReader();
[Link] = () => {
[Link]([Link]); // Content of the blob
};
[Link](myBlob);
Blob URLs (Object URLs): [Link]() can generate a temporary URL that
represents the Blob data, allowing it to be used in contexts where a URL is expected, such
as <img> or <a> tags.
JavaScript
const imageUrl = [Link](imageBlob);
// Use imageUrl in an <img> tag
Slicing:
The slice() method allows you to create a new Blob containing a portion of the original
Blob's data.
Integration with APIs:
Blobs are commonly used with other web APIs, such as fetch for sending binary data in
HTTP requests, or Canvas for manipulating image data.
/////////////////////////////////////
In JavaScript, working with video as a "file" primarily involves using the browser's File
API, Blob API, and the MediaRecorder API. This allows you to handle video data
for purposes like previewing, uploading to a server, or generating a downloadable
link client-side.
Here are the main ways to handle video as a file in JavaScript:
1. Handling User-Selected Video Files (Input Element)
You can allow a user to select a local video file using an HTML <input
type="file"> element. JavaScript can then access this as a File object.
HTML:
html
<input type="file" accept="video/*" id="videoFileInput">
<video id="videoPlayer" controls></video>
Hãy thận trọng khi sử dụng mã.
JavaScript:
javascript
const videoFileInput = [Link]('videoFileInput');
const videoPlayer = [Link]('videoPlayer');
[Link]('change', (event) => {
const file = [Link][0]; // Get the selected File object
if (file && [Link]('video/')) {
// Create a local URL for the file data
const fileURL = [Link](file);
// Set the video player source to the local URL
[Link] = fileURL;
[Link](); // Load the video
// The 'file' object can now be used for other purposes, e.g.,
uploading to a server
[Link]('File object details:', file);
}
});
Hãy thận trọng khi sử dụng mã.
This uses [Link]() to generate a temporary, local URL that
the <video> element can play.
2. Recording Video from Webcam/Microphone
You can record video directly from the user's camera and save it as a Blob (which is
a file-like object) using the MediaRecorder API.
javascript
let mediaRecorder;
const recordedChunks = [];
// Request access to user's media devices
[Link]({ video: true, audio: true })
.then(stream => {
// Start recording
mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder(stream);
[Link] = (event) => {
if ([Link] > 0) {
[Link]([Link]);
}
};
[Link] = () => {
// Combine recorded chunks into a single Blob
const videoBlob = new Blob(recordedChunks, { type: 'video/webm'
});
// Convert the Blob into a File object (optional, Blobs can
often be used like Files)
const videoFile = new File([videoBlob], "[Link]",
{ type: 'video/webm' });
// Now you have a 'videoFile' that you can upload or download
[Link]('Recorded video file:', videoFile);
};
[Link]();
// ... stop recording after some time ...
});
Hãy thận trọng khi sử dụng mã.
After recording, the videoFile can be uploaded to a server using FormData and an
AJAX/Fetch request, or a download link can be created for it.
3. Creating a Download Link for a Video Blob/File
You can provide a client-side download link for a generated Blob or File object.
javascript
// Assume 'videoFile' is a Blob or File object from one of the methods
above
const downloadUrl = [Link](videoFile);
const downloadLink = [Link]('a');
[Link] = downloadUrl;
[Link] = '[Link]'; // Suggests a filename for the
download
[Link] = 'Download Video';
[Link](downloadLink);
// Remember to revoke the URL to free up memory when it's no longer needed
// [Link](downloadUrl);
Hãy thận trọng khi sử dụng mã.
4. Uploading the Video File to a Server
To permanently store the video, you typically send the File or Blob object to a
server using FormData and fetch or XMLHttpRequest . Client-side JavaScript
cannot directly save a file to the user's local file system or a server's file system
without a server-side script receiving the data.
javascript
async function uploadVideo(file) {
const formData = new FormData();
[Link]('video', file); // 'video' is the field name on the
server
const response = await fetch('/upload-endpoint', {
method: 'POST',
body: formData,
});
// Handle server response...
}
////////////////////////
In JavaScript, the process of handling an "image to a file" involves similar
mechanisms as video: accessing local files, generating image data from the canvas,
or fetching data from a URL.
Here are the primary ways to work with image data as a File or Blob object:
1. Handling User-Selected Image Files (Input Element)
The most common way to get a File object in a web browser is by using an HTML
file input element.
HTML:
html
<input type="file" accept="image/*" id="imageInput">
<img id="imagePreview" src="#" alt="Image Preview" style="max-width:
200px;"/>
Hãy thận trọng khi sử dụng mã.
JavaScript:
javascript
const imageInput = [Link]('imageInput');
const imagePreview = [Link]('imagePreview');
[Link]('change', (event) => {
// Get the first file from the selection
const file = [Link][0];
if (file && [Link]('image/')) {
// Create a temporary URL to display the image immediately
const fileURL = [Link](file);
[Link] = fileURL;
// The 'file' object (a File is a specific kind of Blob)
// can now be used for operations like uploading:
[Link]('Image File Object:', file);
// uploadImageToServer(file);
}
});
Hãy thận trọng khi sử dụng mã.
2. Converting an Image Element (or URL) to a File/Blob
If you have an image already displayed on the page, or if you fetched one from a
URL, you can't directly get the original File object. You typically draw the image
onto an HTML <canvas> element and export the data as a Blob .
HTML:
html
<img id="myImage" src="path/to/[Link]" crossorigin="anonymous">
<canvas id="myCanvas" style="display: none;"></canvas>
Hãy thận trọng khi sử dụng mã.
JavaScript:
javascript
const imgElement = [Link]('myImage');
const canvas = [Link]('myCanvas');
// Ensure the image is loaded before trying to draw it
[Link] = () => {
[Link] = [Link];
[Link] = [Link];
const ctx = [Link]('2d');
[Link](imgElement, 0, 0);
// Export canvas content as a Blob
[Link]((blob) => {
if (blob) {
// Convert the Blob into a File object (optional, they are very
similar)
// We give it a name and a type:
const imageFile = new File([blob], "[Link]", {
type: [Link]
});
[Link]('Converted File Object:', imageFile);
// uploadImageToServer(imageFile);
}
}, 'image/png', 0.9); // Specify desired format and quality
};
Hãy thận trọng khi sử dụng mã.
Note: The crossorigin="anonymous" attribute on the <img> tag is crucial for
security if the image is from a different domain than your website; otherwise, canvas
security restrictions prevent you from exporting the data.
3. Fetching an Image from a URL
If the image data is external, you can fetch it and create a Blob directly.
javascript
async function urlToFile(imageUrl, filename, mimeType) {
// Fetch the raw image data
const response = await fetch(imageUrl);
// Get the data as a Blob
const blob = await [Link]();
// Convert Blob to File object
return new File([blob], filename, { type: mimeType });
}
// Usage example:
urlToFile('[Link] '[Link]',
'image/png')
.then(file => {
[Link]('File object created from URL:', file);
// uploadImageToServer(file);
});
Hãy thận trọng khi sử dụng mã.
Summary of Key Objects
Object Description Use Cases
File An extension of Blob that includes file system metadata Uploading to a
(like name and lastModifiedDate ). server, handling user
input.
Blob Represents raw, immutable binary data. Canvas output,
fetched data, internal
data manipulation.
[Link]() Creates a temporary local URL pointing to
a File or Blob for immediate display
in <img> or <video> tags.
/////////////////////////////
6.2. The FileReader API
[Exposed=(Window,Worker)]
interface FileReader: EventTarget {
constructor();
// async read methods
undefined readAsArrayBuffer(Blob blob);
undefined readAsBinaryString(Blob blob);
undefined readAsText(Blob blob, optional DOMString encoding);
undefined readAsDataURL(Blob blob);
undefined abort();
// states
const unsigned short EMPTY = 0;
const unsigned short LOADING = 1;
const unsigned short DONE = 2;
readonly attribute unsigned short readyState;
// File or Blob data
readonly attribute (DOMString or ArrayBuffer)? result;
readonly attribute DOMException? error;
// event handler content attributes
attribute EventHandler onloadstart;
attribute EventHandler onprogress;
attribute EventHandler onload;
attribute EventHandler onabort;
attribute EventHandler onerror;
attribute EventHandler onloadend;
};
6.2.3. Reading a File or Blob
The FileReader interface makes available several asynchronous read
methods—
readAsArrayBuffer(), readAsBinaryString(), readAsText() and readAsDataURL(), which
read files into memory.
NOTE: If multiple concurrent read methods are called on the
same FileReader object, user agents throw an InvalidStateError on any of the
read methods that occur when readyState = LOADING.
(FileReaderSync makes available several synchronous read methods.
Collectively, the sync and async read methods
of FileReader and FileReaderSync are referred to as just read methods.)
[Link]. The readAsDataURL() method
The readAsDataURL(blob) method, when invoked, must initiate a read
operation for blob with DataURL.
[Link]. The readAsText() method
The readAsText(blob, encoding) method, when invoked, must initiate a read
operation for blob with Text and encoding.
[Link]. The readAsArrayBuffer()
The readAsArrayBuffer(blob) method, when invoked, must initiate a read
operation for blob with ArrayBuffer.
[Link]. The readAsBinaryString() method
The readAsBinaryString(blob) method, when invoked, must initiate a read
operation for blob with BinaryString.
NOTE: The use of readAsArrayBuffer() is preferred over readAsBinaryString(),
which is provided for backwards compatibility.
[Link]. The abort() method
///////////////////////////////////
Extension Kind of document MIME Type
.aac AAC audio audio/aac
.abw AbiWord document application/x-abiword
Animated Portable
.apng Network Graphics image/apng
(APNG) image
Archive document
.arc (multiple files application/x-freearc
embedded)
.avif AVIF image image/avif
.avi
AVI: Audio Video video/x-msvideo
Interleave
.azw
Amazon Kindle application/[Link]
eBook format
.bin
Any kind of binary application/octet-stream
data
.bmp
Windows OS/2 image/bmp
Bitmap Graphics
.bz BZip archive application/x-bzip
.bz2 BZip2 archive application/x-bzip2
Extension Kind of document MIME Type
.cda CD audio application/x-cdf
.csh C-Shell script application/x-csh
.css
Cascading Style text/css
Sheets (CSS)
.csv
Comma-separated text/csv
values (CSV)
.doc Microsoft Word application/msword
.docx
Microsoft Word application/[Link]-
(OpenXML) [Link]
.eot
MS Embedded application/[Link]-fontobject
OpenType fonts
.epub
Electronic publication application/epub+zip
(EPUB)
GZip Compressed application/gzip. Note, Windows and macOS upload .gz files
.gz
Archive with the non-standard MIME type application/x-gzip.
.gif
Graphics Interchange image/gif
Format (GIF)
HyperText Markup
.htm, .html text/html
Language (HTML)
.ico Icon format image/[Link]
.ics iCalendar format text/calendar
.jar Java Archive (JAR) application/java-archive
.jpeg, .jpg JPEG images image/jpeg
.js JavaScript text/javascript (Specifications: HTML and RFC 9239)
.json JSON format application/json
.jsonld JSON-LD format application/ld+json
.md Markdown text/markdown
Musical Instrument
.mid, .midi Digital Interface audio/midi, audio/x-midi
(MIDI)
.mjs JavaScript module text/javascript
.mp3 MP3 audio audio/mpeg
.mp4 MP4 video video/mp4
.mpeg MPEG Video video/mpeg
.mpkg
Apple Installer application/[Link]+xml
Package
OpenDocument
.odp presentation application/[Link]
document
OpenDocument
.ods spreadsheet application/[Link]
document
.odt
OpenDocument text application/[Link]
document
.oga Ogg audio audio/ogg
.ogv Ogg video video/ogg
Extension Kind of document MIME Type
.ogx Ogg application/ogg
.opus
Opus audio in Ogg audio/ogg
container
.otf OpenType font font/otf
.png
Portable Network image/png
Graphics
Adobe Portable
.pdf Document application/pdf
Format (PDF)
Hypertext
.php
Preprocessor application/x-httpd-php
(Personal Home
Page)
.ppt Microsoft PowerPoint application/[Link]-powerpoint
.pptx
Microsoft PowerPoint application/[Link]-
(OpenXML) [Link]
.rar RAR archive application/[Link]
.rtf
Rich Text Format application/rtf
(RTF)
.sh Bourne shell script application/x-sh
.svg
Scalable Vector image/svg+xml
Graphics (SVG)
.tar Tape Archive (TAR) application/x-tar
Tagged Image File
.tif, .tiff image/tiff
Format (TIFF)
.ts
MPEG transport video/mp2t
stream
.ttf TrueType Font font/ttf
Text,
.txt (generally ASCII or text/plain
ISO 8859-n)
.vsd Microsoft Visio application/[Link]
.wav
Waveform Audio audio/wav
Format
.weba WEBM audio audio/webm
.webm WEBM video video/webm
.webmanifest
Web application application/manifest+json
manifest
.webp WEBP image image/webp
.woff
Web Open Font font/woff
Format (WOFF)
.woff2
Web Open Font font/woff2
Format (WOFF)
.xhtml XHTML application/xhtml+xml
.xls Microsoft Excel application/[Link]-excel
.xlsx
Microsoft Excel application/[Link]-
(OpenXML) [Link]
Extension Kind of document MIME Type
application/xml is recommended as of RFC 7303 (section
4.1), but text/xml is still used sometimes. You can assign a
specific MIME type to a file with .xml extension depending on
.xml XML
how its contents are meant to be interpreted. For instance, an
Atom feed is application/atom+xml,
but application/xml serves as a valid default.
.xul XUL application/[Link]+xml
application/zip. Note, Windows uploads .zip files with the
.zip ZIP archive
non-standard MIME type application/x-zip-compressed.
3GPP audio/video
.3gp video/3gpp; audio/3gpp if it doesn't contain video
container
3GPP2 audio/video
.3g2 video/3gpp2; audio/3gpp2 if it doesn't contain video
container
.7z 7-zip archive application/x-7z-compressed