Python Keywords and Built-in Functions with

Database Examples

May 18, 2025

Introduction
This document lists all 35 Python keywords and 71 built-in functions (Python 3.11), with
descriptions and examples using SQLite database operations. The examples are based
on an [Link] database with accounts (name, currency) and transactions
(id, account_name, amount, currency, date) tables, relevant to an accounting application
similar to the load_balances function.

Database Setup
Run the following code to create the database:
1 import sqlite3
2 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
3 cursor = [Link]()
4 [Link](”””
5 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS accounts (
6 name TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
7 currency TEXT
8 )
9 ”””)
10 [Link](”””
11 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS transactions (
12 id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
13 account_name TEXT,
14 amount REAL,
15 currency TEXT,
16 date TEXT,
17 FOREIGN KEY (account_name) REFERENCES accounts(name)
18 )
19 ”””)
20 [Link](”INSERT OR IGNORE INTO accounts (name, currency) VALUES
(’Abbas’, ’PKR’), (’Adnan’, ’USD’), (’TMN’, ’TMN’)”)
21 [Link](”INSERT INTO transactions (account_name, amount, currency,
date) VALUES (’Abbas’, 1000.50, ’PKR’, ’2025-05-01’), (’Adnan’,
-200.75, ’USD’, ’2025-05-02’), (’TMN’, 500.25, ’TMN’, ’2025-05-03’)”)
22 [Link]()
23 [Link]()

1
1 Python Keywords
1.1 Control Flow Keywords
if, elif, else Conditional statements for decision-making.
1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE account_name =
’Abbas’”)
4 amount = [Link]()[0]
5 if amount > 0:
6 print(”Positive balance”)
7 elif amount == 0:
8 print(”Zero balance”)
9 else:
10 print(”Negative balance”)
11 [Link]()

for Iterates over a sequence.

1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name, currency FROM accounts”)
4 for name, currency in [Link]():
5 print(f”Account: {name}, Currency: {currency}”)
6 [Link]()

while Loops while a condition is true.

1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT id, amount FROM transactions”)
4 total = 0
5 while True:
6 row = [Link]()
7 if row is None:
8 break
9 total += row[1]
10 print(f”Total transactions: {total}”)
11 [Link]()

break Exits a loop.

1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 for amount in [Link]():
5 if amount[0] < 0:
6 print(”Found negative transaction”)
7 break
8 [Link]()

continue Skips to the next loop iteration.

1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)

2
 4 for amount in [Link]():
5 if amount[0] <= 0:
6 continue
7 print(f”Positive amount: {amount[0]}”)
8 [Link]()

pass No-operation placeholder.

1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT currency FROM accounts”)
4 if [Link]()[0] == ”PKR”:
5 pass
6 else:
7 print(”Non-PKR account”)
8 [Link]()

1.2 Function and Class Definition Keywords

def Defines a function.
1 def get_balance(account_name):
2 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
3 cursor = [Link]()
4 [Link](”SELECT SUM(amount) FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ?”, (account_name,))
5 balance = [Link]()[0] or 0
6 [Link]()
7 return balance
8 print(get_balance(”Abbas”))

flyttreturn] Returns a value from a function.

1 def has_transactions(account_name):
2 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
3 cursor = [Link]()
4 [Link](”SELECT COUNT(*) FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ?”, (account_name,))
5 count = [Link]()[0]
6 [Link]()
7 return count > 0
8 print(has_transactions(”Adnan”))

class Defines a class.

1 class AccountManager:
2 def __init__(self):
3 [Link] = [Link](”[Link]”)
4 def get_currencies(self):
5 cursor = [Link]()
6 [Link](”SELECT DISTINCT currency FROM accounts”)
7 currencies = [row[0] for row in [Link]()]
8 [Link]()
9 return currencies
10 manager = AccountManager()
11 print(manager.get_currencies())

3
lambda Creates an anonymous function.
1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 amounts = sorted([Link](), key=lambda x: x[0])
5 print(amounts)
6 [Link]()

yield Yields values from a generator.

1 def transaction_generator(currency):
2 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
3 cursor = [Link]()
4 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE currency =
?”, (currency,))
5 for row in [Link]():
6 yield row[0]
7 [Link]()
8 for amount in transaction_generator(”PKR”):
9 print(amount)

async, await Defines and awaits asynchronous operations.

1 import aiosqlite
2 async def fetch_accounts():
3 async with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
4 cursor = await [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”)
5 accounts = await [Link]()
6 return [row[0] for row in accounts]
7 import asyncio
8 print([Link](fetch_accounts()))

1.3 Exception Handling Keywords

try, except, finally Handles exceptions.
1 try:
2 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
3 cursor = [Link]()
4 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Unknown’”)
5 print([Link]()[0])
6 except IndexError:
7 print(”No transactions found”)
8 finally:
9 [Link]()

raise Raises an exception.

1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE name = ’Unknown’”)
4 if not [Link]():
5 raise ValueError(”Account not found”)
6 [Link]()

4
1.4 Variable and Scope Keywords
global Declares a global variable.
1 total_balance = 0
2 def update_total():
3 global total_balance
4 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
5 cursor = [Link]()
6 [Link](”SELECT SUM(amount) FROM transactions”)
7 total_balance = [Link]()[0] or 0
8 [Link]()
9 update_total()
10 print(total_balance)

nonlocal Declares a nonlocal variable.

1 def process_transactions():
2 count = 0
3 def update_count():
4 nonlocal count
5 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
6 cursor = [Link]()
7 [Link](”SELECT COUNT(*) FROM transactions”)
8 count = [Link]()[0]
9 [Link]()
10 update_count()
11 return count
12 print(process_transactions())

del Deletes an object.

1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”DELETE FROM transactions WHERE amount = 0”)
4 [Link]()
5 [Link]()

1.5 Logical and Membership Keywords

and Logical AND.
1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount testers\lstinline|and|] Logical AND.
4 \begin{lstlisting}
5 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
6 cursor = [Link]()
7 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE account_name =
’Abbas’ AND currency = ’PKR’”)
8 print([Link]()[0])
9 [Link]()

or Logical OR.
1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE currency = ’PKR’ OR
currency = ’USD’”)

5
 4 print([row[0] for row in [Link]()])
5 [Link]()

not Logical NOT.

1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE NOT currency = ’TMN’”)
4 print([row[0] for row in [Link]()])
5 [Link]()

in Membership test.
1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE currency IN (’PKR’,
’USD’)”)
4 print([row[0] for row in [Link]()])
5 [Link]()

is Identity test.
1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE account_name =
’Abbas’”)
4 result = [Link]()
5 if result is None:
6 print(”No transactions”)
7 [Link]()

1.6 Import and Module Keywords

import, from, as Imports modules.
1 from sqlite3 import connect as db_connect
2 conn = db_connect(”[Link]”)
3 cursor = [Link]()
4 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”)
5 print([row[0] for row in [Link]()])
6 [Link]()

1.7 Miscellaneous Keywords

assert Debugging assertion.
1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT COUNT(*) FROM accounts”)
4 count = [Link]()[0]
5 assert count > 0, ”No accounts found”
6 [Link]()

with Context manager.

6
 1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT SUM(amount) FROM transactions”)
4 print([Link]()[0] or 0)

True, False, None Boolean and null values.

1 def is_active(account_name):
2 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
3 cursor = [Link]()
4 [Link](”SELECT COUNT(*) FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ?”, (account_name,))
5 return [Link]()[0] > 0 is True
6 print(is_active(”Abbas”))
7 print(is_active(”Unknown”))
8 print(None if is_active(”Unknown”) else ”Inactive”)

2 Python Built-in Functions

2.1 Type Conversion and Creation
bool() Converts to boolean.
1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(bool([Link]()[0]))

int() Converts to integer.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(int([Link]()[0]))

float() Converts to float.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(float([Link]()[0]))

complex() Creates a complex number.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE WATCH
account_name = ’Abbas’”)
4 amount = [Link]()[0]
5 print(complex(amount, 0))

str() Converts to string.

7
 1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(str([Link]()[0]))

bytes() Converts to bytes.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(bytes([Link]()[0], ’utf-8’))

bytearray() Creates mutable bytearray.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(bytearray([Link]()[0], ’utf-8’))

list() Converts to list.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”)
4 print(list([Link]()))

tuple() Converts to tuple.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”)
4 print(tuple([Link]()))

set() Converts to set.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT currency FROM accounts”)
4 print(set(row[0] for row in [Link]()))

frozenset() Creates immutable set.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT currency FROM accounts”)
4 print(frozenset(row[0] for row in [Link]()))

dict() Creates dictionary.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name, currency FROM accounts”)
4 print(dict([Link]()))

object() Creates base object.

8
 1 class DBObject(object):
2 def __init__(self):
3 [Link] = [Link](”[Link]”)
4 db = DBObject()
5 print([Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”).fetchall())
6 [Link]()

slice() Creates slice object.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 amounts = [row[0] for row in [Link]()]
5 print(amounts[slice(0, 2)])

range() Creates range object.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT id FROM transactions”)
4 for i in range(len([Link]())):
5 print(f”Transaction {i+1}”)

2.2 Numeric and Mathematical Operations

abs() Returns absolute value.
1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Adnan’”)
4 print(abs([Link]()[0]))

divmod() Returns quotient and remainder.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Abbas’”)
4 amount = [Link]()[0]
5 print(divmod(int(amount), 100))

pow() Raises to power.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Abbas’”)
4 amount = [Link]()[0]
5 print(pow(amount, 2))

round() Rounds a number.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(round([Link]()[0], 1))

9
sum() Sums an iterable.
1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 print(sum(row[0] for row in [Link]()))

max() Returns maximum value.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 print(max(row[0] for row in [Link]()))

min() Returns minimum value.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 print(min(row[0] for row in [Link]()))

2.3 String and Character Operations

chr() Returns character from Unicode.
1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT ascii(name) FROM accounts WHERE name =
’Abbas’”)
4 print(chr([Link]()[0]))

ord() Returns Unicode of character.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(ord([Link]()[0][0]))

format() Formats a value.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(format([Link]()[0], ”.2f”))

hex() Converts to hexadecimal.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT id FROM transactions WHERE account_name =
’Abbas’”)
4 print(hex([Link]()[0]))

oct() Converts to octal.

10
 1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT id FROM transactions WHERE account_name =
’Abbas’”)
4 print(oct([Link]()[0]))

bin() Converts to binary.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT id FROM transactions WHERE account_name =
’Abbas’”)
4 print(bin([Link]()[0]))

2.4 Iteration and Functional Programming

iter() Creates an iterator.
1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 iterator = iter([Link]())
5 print(next(iterator))

next() Gets next iterator item.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 iterator = iter([Link]())
5 print(next(iterator, (0,)))

map() Applies function to iterable.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 amounts = list(map(lambda x: x[0] * 2, [Link]()))
5 print(amounts)

filter() Filters iterable.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 positive = list(filter(lambda x: x[0] > 0, [Link]()))
5 print(positive)

zip() Combines iterables.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name, currency FROM accounts”)
4 names, currencies = zip(*[Link]())
5 print(names, currencies)

11
reversed() Reverses an iterable.
1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 amounts = [row[0] for row in [Link]()]
5 print(list(reversed(amounts)))

sorted() Sorts an iterable.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 amounts = sorted(row[0] for row in [Link]())
5 print(amounts)

all() Checks if all items are true.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 print(all(row[0] > 0 for row in [Link]()))

any() Checks if any item is true.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 print(any(row[0] < 0 for row in [Link]()))

enumerate() Iterates with indices.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”)
4 for i, row in enumerate([Link]()):
5 print(f”Account {i+1}: {row[0]}”)

2.5 Object Introspection and Manipulation

hasattr() Checks for attribute.
1 class DB:
2 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
3 db = DB()
4 if hasattr(db, ’conn’):
5 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”).fetchall()
6 [Link]()

getattr() Gets attribute value.

1 class DB:
2 currency = ”PKR”
3 db = DB()
4 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
5 cursor = [Link]()
6 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE currency = ?”,
(getattr(db, ’currency’),))
7 print([Link]())

12
setattr() Sets attribute value.
1 class DB:
2 pass
3 db = DB()
4 setattr(db, ’conn’, [Link](”[Link]”))
5 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”).fetchall()
6 [Link]()

delattr() Deletes attribute.

1 class DB:
2 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
3 db = DB()
4 delattr(db, ’conn’)
5 print(hasattr(db, ’conn’))

dir() Lists attributes.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 print(dir(conn))

vars() Returns object dictionary.

1 class DB:
2 currency = ”PKR”
3 db = DB()
4 print(vars(db))

id() Returns object ID.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn1:
2 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn2:
3 print(id(conn1), id(conn2))

type() Returns object type.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 print(type([Link]()))

isinstance() Checks instance type.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 print(isinstance([Link](), list))

issubclass() Checks subclass relationship.

1 class DBConnection([Link]):
2 pass
3 print(issubclass(DBConnection, [Link]))

callable() Checks if callable.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 print(callable([Link]))

13
hash() Returns hash value.
1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(hash([Link]()[0]))

len() Returns length.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”)
4 print(len([Link]()))

repr() Returns string representation.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
4 print(repr([Link]()))

ascii() Returns ASCII-escaped string.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE name = ’Abbas’”)
4 print(ascii([Link]()[0]))

locals() Returns local variables.

1 def query():
2 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
3 print(locals())
4 [Link]()
5 query()

globals() Returns global variables.

1 conn = [Link](”[Link]”)
2 print(globals())
3 [Link]()

2.6 Input/Output and File Handling

input() Reads user input.
1 account = input(”Enter account name: ”)
2 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
3 cursor = [Link]()
4 [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions WHERE
account_name = ?”, (account,))
5 print([Link]())

print() Prints output.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name, currency FROM accounts”)
4 print(*[Link](), sep=”\n”)

14
open() Opens a file.
1 with open(”[Link]”, ”w”) as f, [Link](”[Link]”)
as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”)
4 [Link](”\n”.join(row[0] for row in [Link]()))

2.7 Code Execution and Compilation

compile() Compiles code.
1 code = compile(”with [Link](’[Link]’) as conn:
print([Link](’SELECT name FROM accounts’).fetchall())”, ””,
”exec”)
2 exec(code)

exec() Executes code.

1 code = ”with [Link](’[Link]’) as conn:
print([Link](’SELECT name FROM accounts’).fetchall())”
2 exec(code)

eval() Evaluates expression.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT COUNT(*) FROM transactions”)
4 expr = ”x * 2”
5 x = [Link]()[0]
6 print(eval(expr))

2.8 Memory and Resource Management

memoryview() Creates memory view.
1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts WHERE name = ’Abbas’”)
4 data = bytes([Link]()[0], ’utf-8’)
5 print(memoryview(data))

super() Accesses parent class.

1 class DBConnection([Link]):
2 def execute(self, *args):
3 print(”Custom execute”)
4 return super().execute(*args)
5 conn = DBConnection(”[Link]”)
6 print([Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”).fetchall())
7 [Link]()

2.9 Debugging and Help

help() Displays help.
1 help([Link])

15
i mport( ) Imports module.
1 sqlite3 = __import__(”sqlite3”)
2 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
3 print([Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”).fetchall())

2.10 Miscellaneous
aiter(), anext() Asynchronous iteration.
1 import aiosqlite
2 async def async_fetch():
3 async with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
4 cursor = await [Link](”SELECT amount FROM transactions”)
5 async_iter = aiter(cursor)
6 print(await anext(async_iter))
7 import asyncio
8 [Link](async_fetch())

breakpoint() Enters debugger.

1 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
2 cursor = [Link]()
3 breakpoint()
4 [Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”)

classmethod() Defines class method.

1 class DB:
2 @classmethod
3 def connect(cls):
4 return [Link](”[Link]”)
5 conn = [Link]()
6 print([Link](”SELECT name FROM accounts”).fetchall())
7 [Link]()

staticmethod() Defines static method.

1 class DB:
2 @staticmethod
3 def get_version():
4 with [Link](”[Link]”) as conn:
5 return [Link](”SELECT
sqlite_version()”).fetchone()[0]
6 print(DB.get_version())

16