Topic 1

Some people believe teenagers should focus on all subjects equally, whereas other people think that
they should concentrate on only those subjects that they find interesting and they are best at.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
The debate over whether teenagers ought to allocate equal attention to all academic subjects or solely
focus on those they find intriguing and excel in is a contentious one. This essay will explore both
perspectives, ultimately endorsing the latter viewpoint, which emphasizes specialized focus based on
individual interests and strengths.
Advocates of a balanced educational approach argue that an equal focus on all subjects is essential for
the comprehensive development of young minds. This perspective emphasizes that a broad
curriculum exposes students to a diverse array of knowledge, fostering well-rounded individuals. It
cultivates a versatile skill set, enabling students to tackle various challenges and adapt to changing
circumstances in the future. For instance, excelling in both humanities and sciences ensures that a
student develops both analytical and creative thinking abilities. This approach also prevents premature
specialization, allowing teenagers to discover and explore their interests thoroughly before making
pivotal career decisions.
Conversely, many, including myself, believe that teenagers should prioritize subjects that captivate
their interest and align with their innate abilities. Focusing on areas of strength and passion not only
boosts academic performance due to heightened engagement and motivation but also fosters deeper
learning and expertise. Specialization can lead to early professional development, providing students
with a head start in their future careers. A student passionate about mathematics, for instance, would
benefit more from intensifying their focus in this area, potentially leading to innovations or advanced
studies in mathematical fields. This tailored approach respects individual differences in interests and
aptitudes, promoting personal and academic fulfillment.
In conclusion, while evenly distributing academic efforts across all disciplines can create well-rounded
individuals, concentrating on subjects that align with one's interests and strengths offers profound
benefits in deep learning and personal satisfaction. The latter approach, which I advocate, respects
individual uniqueness and can lead to significant achievements and fulfillment in students' chosen
areas.
TOPIC 2
Many employees can now do their work from home using modern technology. However, this change
may only benefit workers, not the employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Give reasons
for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
The advent of modern technology has facilitated a shift in work dynamics, allowing many employees
to perform their duties from the comfort of their homes. I firmly believe that this change is mutually
beneficial for both employees and employers.
For employees, the primary benefit is the flexibility and work-life balance that remote work offers.
The elimination of daily commutes not only saves time but also reduces stress, allowing employees to
start their workday in a more relaxed state. This flexibility often results in higher productivity and job
satisfaction. For instance, a study by Stanford University found that remote workers were 13% more
efficient than their in-office counterparts. Furthermore, working from home can lead to a healthier
lifestyle, as individuals have more time to prepare nutritious meals and engage in physical activities.
Employers, on the other hand, also reap substantial benefits from this arrangement. One significant
advantage is the reduction in overhead costs. With fewer employees in the office, there is a decreased
need for large office spaces, which translates to lower rent and utility expenses. Moreover, by
embracing remote work, companies can access a wider talent pool, no longer limited by geographical
constraints. This can lead to the recruitment of more skilled and diverse employees, enhancing the
overall quality of the workforce. Additionally, employers often notice an uptick in employee retention,
as the flexibility of remote work is a highly valued perk that encourages staff to stay with the
company.
In conclusion, the shift towards remote working facilitated by modern technology is a win-win
situation, benefitting both employees and employers. Employees enjoy greater flexibility and a better
work-life balance, leading to enhanced productivity and well-being, while employers benefit from
reduced costs, access to a broader talent pool, and improved employee retention.
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TOPIC 3
Fewer and fewer people today write by hand using a pen, pencil or brush .What are the reasons for
this?Is the decline in writing by hand a positive or negative development? Give reasons for your
answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
In today's rapidly evolving digital age, the practice of handwriting with traditional tools like pens and
pencils is becoming increasingly rare. This essay will explore the reasons behind this decline and argue
that, although there are some benefits, the negative consequences of this shift are more significant.
The primary reason for the decrease in handwriting is the widespread adoption of digital technology.
Devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones offer a more convenient and efficient means of
writing and communication. The ease of typing, coupled with features like spell check and the ability
to easily edit and share documents, has made digital writing more appealing. For instance,
in educational and professional settings, typing is often preferred for its legibility and ease of
distribution, leading to a gradual erosion of handwriting skills.
There are some positive aspects to the decline in handwriting. The digitization of writing has led
to increased productivity and efficiency in both academic and professional contexts. Digital texts are
easier to store, search, and access, making the management and dissemination of information more
streamlined. Additionally, typing is more inclusive for individuals with disabilities that affect their
ability to write by hand, such as dysgraphia.
However, the negatives of this trend outweigh its positives. Handwriting is crucial for cognitive
development, particularly in young children, as it enhances fine motor skills and memory retention.
The personal touch and uniqueness of handwritten text also hold sentimental value, which digital
writing cannot replicate. Additionally, over-reliance on technology can lead to challenges in situations
where digital devices are not accessible, leaving individuals ill-equipped to write manually.
In conclusion, whilst the move away from handwriting, largely due to the convenience of digital tools,
has practical benefits, I feel that its drawbacks are more significant since it leads to a loss in cognitive
benefits and personal expression
TOPIC 4
Today, people are surrounded by advertising. This affects what people think is important and has a
negative impact on people's lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your
answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
In an era where advertising permeates every aspect of our lives, our perception of what is deemed
essential can be significantly altered. I firmly believe that this constant barrage of marketing not only
influences our priorities but also adversely affects our quality of life.
The first reason behind this stance is that relentless advertising skews our understanding of
importance. Advertisements, often portraying a life of luxury and ease, create a compelling illusion
that material possessions are the key to happiness. This leads to an increased emphasis on acquiring
goods, often at the expense of more meaningful pursuits such as personal development, relationships,
and community involvement. Furthermore, the ubiquitous nature of advertising, especially through
digital channels, ensures that these messages reach us incessantly, reinforcing materialistic values and
overshadowing other aspects of life that traditionally held significance, such as simplicity,
contentment, and the joy of experiences over possessions.
Furthermore, the ever-present nature of advertising affects our lives negatively in various ways. It
fuels a cycle of consumerism, pushing people to endlessly buy the newest items, which can lead
to financial difficulties and a perpetual chase of recent trends. This consumer culture also contributes
to environmental harm due to the overproduction and wastage of goods. Additionally, advertising sets
unattainable standards of beauty, success, and happiness, causing low self-esteem and
discontent among people who measure their lives against these unrealistic ideals. Finally, the invasive
quality of digital advertising interferes with our daily routine, infringing upon our privacy and
lessening our online experience quality.
In conclusion, I believe that the pervasive influence of advertising undeniably distorts our perception
of what is important and has a detrimental impact on the quality of our lives. It not only shifts our
focus towards materialism but also brings about negative consequences, ranging from financial
pressures to environmental issues and personal dissatisfaction
TOPIC 5

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Space travel has been possible for some time and some people claim that space tourism could be
developed in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?Give reasons for your
answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
For some time now, space exploration has been a reality, with discussions arising about the potential
emergence of space tourism in the coming years. I firmly believe that this is a welcome development,
and there are compelling reasons to support this view.
Firstly, space tourism has the potential to drive scientific and technological advancements. This is
because every space journey involves overcoming significant challenges, which in turn leads to
innovations that can benefit humanity. Take, for instance, the development of lightweight and heat-
resistant materials for spacecraft. These materials have found applications in various industries, from
manufacturing to construction, making products more durable and efficient. Additionally,
advancements in life support systems, initially designed for space travelers, have been adapted
for medical devices, improving the quality of life for patients with chronic illnesses.
Secondly, space tourism can inspire future generations and promote global unity. When ordinary
people have the opportunity to experience space, it fosters a sense of wonder and curiosity about the
cosmos. For instance, when the late Stephen Hawking took a zero-gravity flight, it captured the
imagination of countless individuals, showcasing that space is not limited to a select few. This
inspiration can encourage more individuals to pursue careers in STEM fields, addressing the shortage
of scientists and engineers in many countries. Additionally, the international nature of space
exploration often leads to collaboration between nations. The International Space Station, for instance,
is a symbol of cooperation between the United States, Russia, and many other countries, promoting
peaceful coexistence and a shared vision for the future.
In conclusion, I am convinced that space tourism represents a positive development with the potential
to yield scientific and technological advancements, while inspiring future generations and promoting
global unity. As we venture beyond our planet, the benefits can extend far beyond the cosmos, offering
practical solutions to challenges we face on Earth
TOPIC 6
Many students find it harder to study when they are at university or college than when they were at
school. Why is this? What can be done to solve the problem? Give reasons for your answer and
include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
It is true that numerous students face greater challenges in their academic pursuits when transitioning
from school to university or college. This essay explores the reasons behind this phenomenon and
suggests potential solutions to address this issue.
There are several factors contributing to the increased difficulty students experience when studying at
the tertiary level compared to their time in school. One of these is that the transition to higher
education brings a significant increase in academic rigor. University and college curricula are more
demanding, requiring a deeper level of understanding and self-directed learning. This can be
exemplified by the shift from high school, where students often have more structured assignments and
regular assessments, to college, where they may be expected to delve into complex research
projects and assignments with minimal guidance. Moreover, students are often confronted with larger
class sizes, making it harder to establish personal connections with professors, resulting in reduced
individualized support.
To address these challenges, universities and colleges should implement a range of proactive solutions.
One crucial step is to offer comprehensive orientation programs that prepare students for the academic
and social aspects of higher education. These programs can include study skills workshops, time
management seminars, and guidance on setting realistic academic goals. Furthermore, universities can
invest in smaller class sizes or facilitate opportunities for students to engage in smaller group
discussions or seminars alongside larger lectures. This can foster a sense of community and provide
students with more personalized interactions with professors and peers. Encouraging professors to hold
regular office hours and create an open-door policy can also enhance the accessibility of individualized
support.
In conclusion, the transition from school to university or college poses substantial challenges for many
students due to increased academic rigor and larger class sizes. However, by implementing orientation
programs, fostering smaller learning communities, and promoting active student engagement, both

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institutions and learners can collaborate to ease this transition and enhance the overall educational
experience.
TOPIC 7
It costs a lot of money for a country to host an international sports event, such as the Olympic Games
or football World Cup. Some people think that this is a waste of money, while others believe the
opposite. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and
include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Organizing international sporting extravaganzas like the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup
undoubtedly demands substantial financial investments. While some argue that such expenditures are
wasteful, others contend that they bring considerable benefits to the host country. This essay will
thoroughly discuss both viewpoints before concluding that I am in favor of the former.
Admittedly, proponents of hosting international sports events may argue that the benefits outweigh the
costs. The key rationale behind this thinking is that these events can significantly boost a nation's
tourism industry, stimulate local economies, and create numerous job opportunities. For example, the
2016 Rio Olympics drew millions of tourists, injecting billions into the Brazilian economy and
providing thousands of jobs in the process. This underscores the belief that hosting such events can be
a sound economic investment.
However, I side with those who claim that the organization of global sports events is not a prudent
financial investment. This is because the exorbitant costs associated with constructing state-of-the-art
stadiums and upgrading infrastructure can place an immense strain on a nation's budget. For example,
the 2004 Athens Olympics left Greece grappling with significant debt due to overspending on
infrastructure projects, burdening the country's finances for years to come. Additionally, global-scale
sports events often result in underutilized facilities once they conclude, giving rise to maintenance
expenses that further drain public funds. This can be seen in the case of the 2016 Rio Olympics, where
some venues were left unused, necessitating ongoing maintenance funded by taxpayers. The
unfulfilled promise of repurposing these facilities for community use exacerbates the financial
strain on the host city.
In conclusion, I feel that hosting international sports events is often a wasteful financial endeavor.
While there are potential benefits, the enormous costs, long-term financial burdens, and underutilized
amenities typically overshadow these gains.
TOPIC 8
Some people think that newspapers are the best way to learn about the news. However, others believe
that they can learn the news more effectively through other media. Discuss both these views and give
our own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
In the realm of news consumption, diverse perspectives emerge regarding the most effective medium
for staying informed. While some argue that newspapers represent the optimal means of accessing
news, an opposing viewpoint suggests that other forms of media offer more efficient alternatives.
Nevertheless, I am firmly of the opinion that newspapers will continue to be the most superior method
for obtaining news.
Admittedly, proponents of other media sources contend that they provide a more efficient and
immediate way to access news. In the digital era, online news websites and social media platforms
offer real-time updates, ensuring that readers are swiftly informed about unfolding events. The
incorporation of multimedia elements, such as videos and interactive graphics, enhances
comprehension and engagement, making the news more accessible and captivating. Moreover, the
portability of smartphones and the pervasive presence of the internet have made digital news readily
accessible on the go, further promoting the idea that newspapers are no longer the best way to learn
about current events.
However, I firmly believe that newspapers will remain the pinnacle of news dissemination. Firstly,
newspapers are synonymous with reliability and credibility. They are traditionally authored by
seasoned journalists who adhere to stringent editorial standards, ensuring accurate and well-researched
reporting. The physicality of a newspaper also offers a tactile and focused reading experience, devoid
of the digital distractions that can hinder comprehension. Furthermore, newspapers provide in-depth
analysis and a comprehensive overview of important stories, allowing readers to gain a deeper
understanding of complex issues, a facet that other media often lacks.
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In conclusion, although the digital age has ushered in innovative and dynamic methods of news
consumption, I am convinced that newspapers will endure as the quintessential means of accessing
news. Their unwavering commitment to accuracy, comprehensive reporting, and the undistracted
reading experience they afford make them an enduring and invaluable source of information in our
ever-evolving media landscape
TOPIC 9
The best way for a country to prepare for the future is to invest resources in its young people.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant
examples from your own knowledge or experience.
There is an opinion that the most effective method for a nation to ready itself for the future is by
allocating its resources toward the development of its youth. I wholeheartedly agree with this point of
view, and this essay will elaborate on my reasons.
To begin with, it is essential to recognize that young people are the driving force behind a country's
development. When a nation directs its resources towards its youth, it invests in education, healthcare,
and social programs that equip the younger generation with the skills and knowledge required to lead
in an ever-evolving world. This investment ensures that the workforce remains competitive, capable of
contributing to technological advancements and adapting to the changing economic landscape.
Countries like Finland exemplify the success of such an initiative, as it has led to their exceptional
educational outcomes and a competitive edge in the global economy.
Furthermore, investing in young people fosters social cohesion and stability. By providing quality
education and accessible healthcare, a nation ensures that its youth are healthier, more informed, and
less likely to engage in criminal activities or extremist ideologies. This, in turn, contributes to reduced
crime rates, stronger community bonds, and a more harmonious society. It is an investment in the
future not only in economic terms but also in terms of social harmony.
In conclusion, I completely agree that the optimal way for a country to prepare for the future is by
channeling its resources into its young people. This approach guarantees a skilled and adaptable
workforce, propels innovation, and promotes social stability. As such, it is an investment that pays
dividends not only in the present but also in the years to come, ultimately securing a brighter future for
the nation.
TOPIC 10
Schools should focus on academic success and passing examinations. Skills such as cookery,
dressmaking and woodwork should not be taught at school as it is better to learn these from family and
friends. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer
and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
There is an opinion that schools should prioritize academic success and examination performance over
teaching practical skills like cookery, dressmaking, and woodwork, which are better learned from
family and friends. I wholeheartedly support this view, as academic achievements and passing
examinations are fundamental to a student's future prospects.
In the realm of academic and examination success, schools play a pivotal role in imparting essential
knowledge and skills. This is because academic subjects provide students with a broad foundation of
understanding, critical thinking abilities, and analytical skills that are applicable across various career
paths. Doing well in examinations, meanwhile, not only demonstrates a student's competency but also
opens doors to higher education and professional opportunities. For instance, strong performance in
subjects like mathematics and science equips individuals with problem-solving abilities that are
invaluable in fields such as engineering and medicine.
Conversely, when it comes to acquiring practical skills like cooking, sewing, and woodworking,
family and friends frequently prove to be more effective instructors. The major reason for this is that
these skills are deeply rooted in cultural and familial traditions, and they offer valuable bonding
experiences. Learning to cook from a family member, for instance, not only imparts culinary expertise
but also strengthens familial connections. Additionally, these skills can be highly personalized
to individual tastes and preferences when learned within the familial context.
In conclusion, although practical skills have their merits, I am convinced that schools should primarily
focus on academic success and passing examinations. A solid academic foundation equips students
with essential skills for the future, while practical skills can be enriched within familial and social
contexts.
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TOPIC 11
In some countries, many children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some people say it is the
responsibility of governments to solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
statement?
In several nations, a growing number of children are grappling with the issue of obesity and
deteriorating health, with some contending that governments bear the responsibility for addressing this
concern. I totally agree with this viewpoint because governments can effectively combat childhood
obesity through comprehensive policies and initiatives.
Firstly, governments possess the requisite resources to execute large-scale interventions that can
effectively confront this challenge. Through the allocation of funds towards public health campaigns
and educational initiatives, they can heighten awareness about the significance of adopting healthy
lifestyles and disseminating essential knowledge regarding nutrition and physical activity. An
illustration of this can be seen in the case of the "Let's Move" campaign that unfolded in the United
States in 2010, which aimed to combat childhood obesity through a synergy of school-based programs,
community-driven efforts, and alterations in policy frameworks. This governmental
endeavor underscored the constructive influence of strategic interventions on the well-being of
children.
Furthermore, governments wield the power to regulate industries contributing to the proliferation
of unhealthy dietary options. The imposition of taxes on sugary beverages, the introduction of
restrictions on the marketing of junk food to children, and the enforcement of more stringent labeling
mandates exemplify measures that can foster an environment promoting healthier dietary choices.
Evidently, several countries have achieved noteworthy success in reducing the consumption of sugary
drinks by enacting levies on such beverages. These policies have translated into enhancements
in health indicators among children.
In conclusion, I firmly support the view that governments hold a crucial responsibility in addressing
childhood obesity. Their capacity to allocate resources, implement interventions, and regulate
industries can profoundly impact this challenge, ensuring a healthier future for children.

TOPIC 12
The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment.
What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?
In recent times, we have witnessed a significant surge in the production of consumer goods, a trend
that has unfortunately contributed to the degradation of our natural world. This complex issue stems
from a multitude of factors, and finding a solution requires a collective endeavor involving all
stakeholders.
There exist several catalysts behind the expansion of the consumer industry and its subsequent
negative impact on the environment. Chief among these is the rapid proliferation of consumerism. As
the demand for goods escalates, the corresponding need for increased production becomes apparent.
Consequently, industries engaged in manufacturing these goods have intensified their utilization of
water, energy, and raw materials, resulting in the depletion of our precious natural resources. This
challenge is further aggravated by inadequate environmental regulations that often fail to dissuade
factories from releasing hazardous chemicals and toxic emissions into the surroundings.
Addressing these pressing environmental concerns necessitates collaborative actions from individuals,
businesses, and governmental bodies. Firstly, it becomes imperative for governments to launch
campaigns aimed at enhancing public awareness regarding the dire environmental consequences of
rampant consumerism. Armed with a comprehensive understanding of these repercussions, individuals
are more likely to embrace environmentally conscious behaviors, including refraining from excessive
purchasing and transitioning to eco-friendly alternatives. This shift in consumer behavior, in turn,
exerts pressure on companies and manufacturers to adopt more sustainable practices. Simultaneously,
it is essential to bolster punitive measures against factories that disregard proper waste management,
including longer business suspensions and legal repercussions for those responsible for
such environmental transgressions. This two-pronged strategy holds promise for significantly
mitigating the detrimental effects stemming from heightened consumer goods production on the
environment.

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In conclusion, the unchecked growth of consumerism, coupled with lenient environmental regulations,
has paved the way for an expanding consumer industry that significantly impacts our environment.
Nevertheless, this challenge can be effectively addressed through coordinated efforts from
governments, citizens, and corporate entities.
TOPIC 13
The best way to solve traffic and transportation problems is to encourage people to live in
cities rather than suburbs and the countryside. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
There is an opinion that promoting urban residence over suburban and rural living is the most effective
approach to addressing traffic and transportation issues. However, I totally disagree with this point of
view, and this essay will elaborate on my reasons.
Admittedly, proponents of concentrating populations in urban areas might argue that this initiative
could afford residents better accessibility to public transportation, which in turn leads to a reduced
reliance on personal vehicles, one of the major contributors to traffic congestion. Nevertheless, this
perspective seems to overlook the impracticality of such a strategy as the majority of cities around the
world are facing the crisis of overpopulation. An illustration of this can be seen in Beijing, where
overcrowding has been identified as a primary driver of various traffic-related issues, such as traffic
jams and a lack of parking lots. In light of this, the push for greater urban residency could
inadvertently worsen these existing problems within this metropolis.
In my opinion, incentivizing urban inhabitants to migrate to the suburbs or the countryside would be a
superior approach to traffic and transport problems. This is because by doing so, we can
significantly alleviate the burden on urban infrastructure and resources. This would naturally result in
decreased congestion and reduced pressure on transportation networks within city centers. Moreover,
suburban and rural areas often have ample space to accommodate well-planned transportation
networks. For instance, the town of Davis, California, is renowned for its extensive network of bike
lanes and paths that traverse the suburban landscape, encouraging residents to use bicycles as a
primary mode of transportation, thereby mitigating traffic congestion and promoting eco-friendly
mobility.
In conclusion, while promoting urban living as a remedy for transportation woes holds some appeal, it
fails to consider the challenges posed by overpopulation. Therefore, I am convinced that encouraging
migration to suburban and rural areas is a better solution.
TOPIC 14
The use of mobile phones is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in certain places so mobile
phones should be banned like smoking. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The usage of mobile phones has been likened to the antisocial nature of smoking, prompting many to
claim that mobile phones should be prohibited in certain places, similar to smoking. In this essay,
however, I will challenge this thinking.
Although it is true that mobile phones can potentially lead to antisocial behavior, comparing them
directly to smoking may be an overstatement. On the one hand, smoking poses significant health risks,
such as lung cancer, to both smokers and passive inhalers, which is a convincing reason for
its widespread prohibition in public spaces. On the other hand, mobile phone usage, while sometimes
intrusive, does not have the same direct physical impact on others. Instead, it affects social interactions
and interpersonal relationships, making it more of a behavioral issue than a health hazard. This is why
encouraging responsible phone usage and educating individuals about appropriate times and places for
phone use would be a more reasonable approach rather than an outright ban.
Furthermore, mobile phones have become an indispensable tool in modern society, serving various
crucial functions beyond just communication. They are essential for accessing information, staying
connected with family and friends, and even conducting business on the go. A complete ban, therefore,
would not only inconvenience individuals but also hinder productivity and communication. In lieu of a
total ban, efforts should focus on raising awareness of the negative consequences of excessive phone
use and promoting respectful and considerate behavior in public spaces.
In conclusion, I am convinced that advocating for a complete ban on phones like smoking is an
extreme measure that fails to consider the significant differences between the two. Rather than
resorting to prohibition, society should prioritize educating individuals about responsible phone usage
and encouraging better social etiquette in public spaces

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TOPIC 15
In the modern world, schools are no longer necessary because there is so much information available
through the internet that children can study just as well at home. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
In light of the growing popularity of the Internet, it is true that children nowadays have the ability to
study various subjects remotely through online platforms at any given time at home. I totally disagree,
and my view will be explained in this essay.
First, the proliferation of the Internet could give rise to a host of serious consequences. The foremost
problem is that the data volume on the internet is immense, but most are unverified. Having said that,
it is quite hard to determine whether information from
This platform is useful or not. For example, parents just need to type the keyword "How to do when
the child has the flu?" on the most popular search tool today, called Google. Surprisingly, you find
dozens of knowledge, most of which come from word of mouth, sharing, or other traditional methods.
It is confusing to determine which is the right solution, and chaos results from here.
As a result, children can learn knowledge from online applications, but learning what is completely a
different story.
Furthermore, outside of the practical learning aspect, offspring are not experienced enough to learn by
themselves but need mentors, in the case of self-study, they must be their own parents.
However, it is really complicated to prove that their parents have enough educational expertise to
guide them in the right direction.
For example, in the primary school curriculum in Vietnam, students not only learn core subjects such
as Mathematics, Literature, and English but also learn science and social subjects.
This requires a sufficient number of teachers with relevant expertise the child needs to learn and these
teachers need to have pedagogical qualifications as well as many years of teaching experience.
Therefore, let's ask the question, do mentors who are fathers or mothers of children have enough
knowledge to teach them?
In conclusion, although it is irrefutable that the trend in which students use online platforms in modern
education could give rise to a number of adverse implications, I do believe that the downside of this
phenomenon is more noteworthy than its upside.
TOPIC 16
Some believe that robots play a crucial role in shaping humanity’s future, whereas others argue that
they pose risks and could harm society.
Consider both arguments and present your viewpoint. Explain your viewpoint with reasons and
include appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences.
The rapid evolution of robotics has prompted some people to view robots as indispensable for
humanity’s future, whereas others caution against their potential dangers and adverse effects. I firmly
uphold the belief that robots are key to advancing human development, although I recognize the
concerns of their critics.
One prominent reason why robots are considered crucial for the future lies in their ability to boost
efficiency and spark innovation across a range of industries. They streamline repetitive tasks and offer
high precision, thereby enhancing productivity in settings like manufacturing and logistics. For
example, the introduction of automated assembly lines has allowed car companies to manufacture
vehicles more rapidly and with fewer defects, saving both time and resources.
Additionally, breakthroughs in robotic technology have revolutionized fields such as medicine and
space exploration, where surgical robots enable minimally invasive operations and rovers traverse
distant planets to collect valuable data. By consistently delivering reliable performance, robots
undeniably accelerate progress and contribute to overall human advancement.
However, the rise of robots also presents significant challenges, most notably in terms of employment
and ethical implications. Automation often replaces manual labor, rendering entire categories of
jobs obsolete and creating economic uncertainty for displaced workers. A fitting example is the retail
industry’s shift towards self-checkout systems, which reduce the need for human cashiers.
Furthermore, moral quandaries arise when robots are used for surveillance, warfare, or other
potentially harmful applications, threatening personal privacy and global security. These issues
underscore how robotics could undermine societal well-being.

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In conclusion, while robots can undeniably displace jobs and pose ethical dilemmas, I remain
convinced that their capacity to elevate efficiency and foster groundbreaking developments is
indispensable.
TOPIC 17
There is a belief that young individuals must attend school full-time until they are at least 18 years old.
To what degree do you support or oppose this idea? Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include
appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences.
Some argue that young individuals should be required to stay in full-time education until they reach 18
years old. While I agree that education is crucial for their development, I believe this policy may not
be suitable for everyone, particularly those with different career aspirations or financial constraints.
On the one hand, full-time education until the age of 18 can provide young people with
the foundational knowledge and skills necessary for future success. Education equips students
with essential academic and practical skills, enabling them to pursue higher education or enter
competitive job markets. For example, many industries require candidates to possess at least a high
school diploma, and completing full-time education ensures this basic qualification. Moreover, schools
offer structured environments where students can develop critical thinking, teamwork, and
communication skills. Thus, mandating education until the age of 18 helps prepare young individuals
for both professional and personal success.
On the other hand, this requirement may not be feasible or beneficial for everyone. Some young people
may prefer alternative paths, such as vocational training or apprenticeships, which allow them to gain
hands-on experience and start earning earlier. For instance, in countries like Germany, vocational
training programs enable teenagers to learn trades like carpentry or plumbing while contributing to the
workforce. Additionally, financial hardships may force some families to prioritize immediate
income over prolonged education. In such cases, mandating full-time education could place
unnecessary stress on both the students and their families. Therefore, flexibility in educational policies
is essential to accommodate diverse needs and aspirations.
In conclusion, while full-time education until the age of 18 provides valuable skills and
opportunities for many young people, it may not be the best approach for everyone. Striking a balance
between academic education and alternative pathways ensures that all individuals can achieve their
goals and contribute effectively to society.
TOPIC 18
Organizing tours to remote regions and rural communities is becoming increasingly popular. Is this
trend beneficial or harmful to local residents and their surroundings? Explain your viewpoint with
reasons and include appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences
In recent years, there has been a growing tendency for tourists to travel to remote locations and
communities on organised tours. This has some positive impacts on the local people, but I think the
detrimental effects on the environment are more significant and that the issue is more of a negative
development.
The financial and socio-cultural benefits for the locals in remote areas are evident. Tourists visiting
these regions have a high demand for goods and services, and are mostly willing to pay higher than
average prices. This helps to boost local economies in remote areas and eventually enhance living
standards of the local people. Regarding the socio-cultural aspects, Travelers from different cultures
can provide ethnic people in remote areas, who are almost completely isolated from the outside world,
with a lot of experiences through their interactions with one another, which can help these local
residents to broaden knowledge about a more civilized society.
However, the hordes of tourists to remote regions still leave severe impacts on the environment in
these areas. In fact, tourists often litter where ever they go and do not bother to clean after themselves
in areas they have visited. This may lead to such conditions as dirty roads or clogged sewage systems
in these places, which negatively and directly affects local people’s living conditions. In terms of
indirect effects, I believe that the indigenous people have to sacrifice their natural resources to
accommodate tourists’ insatiable demands. In several mountainous areas of Vietnam, local people cut
down vast areas of forest to make handicrafts or furniture for tourists. These acts can contribute to the
environmental deterioration in remote areas.

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In conclusion, though the economy and societies in remote areas can benefit tremendously from
organised tourism, I think that the negative environmental consequences that this situation brings are
far more significant.

TOPIC 19
Some parents in certain countries are increasingly opting to homeschool their children rather than
enrolling them in traditional schools. Are the benefits of this change greater than the drawbacks?
Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include appropriate examples based on your knowledge or
experiences.
In some nations, the number of parents opting to homeschool their children rather than send them to
traditional schools has grown significantly. While this trend presents certain drawbacks, I believe the
advantages it offers are more significant.
One major drawback of homeschooling is the potential lack of social interaction for children. Without
attending school, children miss out on the opportunity to interact with peers regularly, which
can hinder their social skills development. For instance, homeschooled children may struggle with
teamwork or forming friendships in group settings. Another disadvantage is the limited access to
resources and specialized teaching. Schools provide professional educators, extracurricular activities,
and facilities like laboratories, which are often unavailable in a home setting. For example, parents
may struggle to teach advanced subjects like physics or chemistry without proper equipment or
expertise.
However, I am convinced that homeschooling offers significant benefits that surpass these challenges.
The primary advantage is the ability to provide personalized education. Parents can adapt the
curriculum to suit their child's unique learning style, ensuring they grasp concepts thoroughly before
moving on. For example, a child who excels in mathematics can be encouraged to explore advanced
topics, while those struggling with reading can receive additional support. Another key advantage is
the flexibility homeschooling provides. Families can create their own schedules, allowing children
to pursue extracurricular interests or travel while learning. For instance, parents can incorporate visits
to museums or cultural sites into lessons, enriching the educational experience.
In conclusion, although homeschooling has certain disadvantages, such as reduced social interaction
and limited resources, I strongly feel that the advantages, including tailored education and schedule
flexibility, are more compelling.
TOPIC 20
While some people claim that advertising drives economic growth, others suggest it harms society by
making individuals feel unhappy with themselves and their belongings. Consider both arguments and
present your viewpoint. Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include appropriate examples based
on your knowledge or experiences
Advertising is often considered a double-edged sword, with some arguing that it fosters economic
growth while others believe it negatively influences society by creating dissatisfaction in people’s
lives. From my perspective, I strongly agree with the view that advertising has significant positive
economic impacts.
One major benefit of advertising is its contribution to economic development. By promoting products
and services, advertising encourages consumer spending, which is a critical driver of economic
growth. For instance, large-scale campaigns by global brands like Apple or Samsung often generate
substantial revenue by attracting millions of buyers worldwide. This increased demand, in turn,
stimulates production and creates job opportunities across various industries, from manufacturing to
marketing. Therefore, advertising plays a vital role in strengthening economies and supporting
livelihoods.
On the other hand, critics argue that advertising can have detrimental social effects by
promoting unrealistic ideals and materialistic values. Many advertisements portray idealized lifestyles
or unattainable beauty standards, causing individuals to feel dissatisfied with their own lives or
appearances. For example, beauty product advertisements often emphasize flawless skin or perfect
body shapes, leading to lower self-esteem among viewers who cannot achieve these standards.
Moreover, advertising can encourage overconsumption, which places financial pressure on individuals
and leads to environmental problems. These social downsides highlight the potential harm of excessive
or manipulative advertising practices.
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In conclusion, although advertising can negatively affect society by fostering unrealistic expectations
and materialism, its economic benefits, such as driving growth and creating jobs, outweigh these
drawbacks. By regulating advertising content, its advantages can be maximized while minimizing
harm.
TOPIC 21
Experts agree that eating too much junk food negatively impacts health. While some believe education
can address this problem, others doubt its effectiveness. Consider both arguments and present your
viewpoint. Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include appropriate examples based on your
knowledge or experiences.
Many experts concur that excessive consumption of junk food is detrimental to human health,
contributing to issues like obesity and chronic disease. Some argue that educating the public on these
health risks is a solution, whereas I believe education alone is insufficient to address this issue
effectively.
Proponents of education as a solution believe that raising awareness about the dangers of junk food can
encourage people to make healthier dietary choices. By educating individuals about the adverse
effects of unhealthy food, such as heart disease and diabetes, people may be more inclined to change
their eating habits. For instance, school-based nutrition programs have been shown to reduce junk food
intake among students by helping them understand the benefits of a balanced diet. This example
suggests that, in specific settings, education can promote healthier choices and reduce dependence on
junk food.
However, it is unlikely that education alone can overcome the strong appeal of junk food in modern
society. Junk food is often inexpensive, widely available, and heavily advertised, making it a tempting
option for many people regardless of their knowledge of its health risks. Furthermore, individuals
facing financial constraints may still prioritize cheap and convenient junk food over healthier
but costlier alternatives, even if they are aware of the potential health consequences. For example, low-
income families might continue purchasing fast food due to its affordability, underscoring the fact that
education alone cannot address the broader economic factors that drive junk food consumption.
In conclusion, while education is essential, it is not a standalone solution to reducing junk food
consumption. To effectively tackle this issue, a multifaceted approach that includes regulations and
economic measures alongside education is necessary.

TOPIC 22
In numerous countries, the volume of household waste, including food packaging, is on the rise. What
factors contribute to this issue?
What steps can be taken to address it? Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include appropriate
examples based on your knowledge or experiences.
In many countries, household waste such as food packaging has been on the rise, leading to concerns
about its environmental impact. This essay will discuss the causes behind this issue and propose
effective measures to reduce the growing volume of waste.
One of the primary causes of increasing household waste is the widespread use of single-use
packaging. Many products, particularly food items, are packaged in disposable materials like plastic,
which are used once and then discarded. For instance, convenience foods often come in multiple layers
of packaging that quickly accumulate as waste in households. Another contributing factor is the rising
demand for convenience. In today’s fast-paced world, consumers opt for pre-packaged, ready-to-eat
meals to save time, leading to more packaging waste. This trend results in an overload of waste that
adds significant pressure on waste management systems.
To tackle this problem, one solution is to promote the use of eco-friendly packaging alternatives.
Governments and companies should encourage the adoption of biodegradable or reusable packaging
materials, which would significantly reduce the amount of waste generated. For example, promoting
the use of cloth or paper bags instead of plastic ones can reduce household waste. Another effective
solution is to raise public awareness about responsible consumption and recycling. Educational
campaigns that emphasize the importance of reducing waste and proper recycling practices can have a
positive impact. When consumers understand the environmental consequences of packaging waste,
they are more likely to make conscious choices that contribute to waste reduction.

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In conclusion, the growing amount of household waste is mainly caused by single-use packaging
and the demand for convenience. However, by promoting eco-friendly packaging and educating the
public on responsible consumption, this problem can be mitigated effectively.
TOPIC 23
All university students should participate in voluntary activities to support their local communities. To
what degree do you support or oppose this idea? Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include
appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences.
Many argue that university students should be required to participate in voluntary activities to assist
their local communities. However, I completely disagree with this view as such an obligation may
have adverse effects on students' academic performance and financial stability.
Firstly, imposing community service on students may add unnecessary pressure, negatively impacting
their studies. University students already face rigorous academic schedules, and forcing them to
dedicate time to voluntary work could detract from their ability to focus on assignments and exams.
For instance, students studying demanding courses like medicine or engineering often struggle to
manage their time, and adding mandatory volunteer hours would further increase stress. As a result,
the quality of their academic performance may suffer, as they would have less time to dedicate to their
studies.
Secondly, many students work part-time to support themselves financially, making it difficult to
balance additional unpaid work. For some, working during university is a necessity rather than a
choice, and requiring voluntary work would leave them with even less time to earn an income. For
example, a student from a low-income background might rely on part-time work to cover tuition
fees and living expenses. If this student is forced to participate in unpaid community service, it
could exacerbate financial struggles and reduce their ability to succeed both academically and
financially.
In conclusion, I strongly disagree with the idea of making voluntary work a requirement for university
students. Mandatory community service would create additional stress, limit time for studies, and place
financial burdens on students, making it an unreasonable expectation.
TOPIC 24
Cultural differences between nations are becoming less distinct as people worldwide now watch the
same movies, adopt similar fashion styles, and are exposed to the same brands, advertisements, and
TV programs. Are the benefits of this change greater than the drawbacks? Explain your viewpoint with
reasons and include appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences.
The distinctions between nations are becoming increasingly blurred as people around the world engage
with the same films, fashion, brands, advertisements, and television programs. While this trend offers
certain benefits, the drawbacks it presents are more significant.
On one hand, the growing similarity between countries can offer some advantages. A key benefit is the
promotion of global unity. When people from different cultures consume the same media and follow
similar trends, it fosters a sense of shared experience that can bridge cultural divides and enhance
mutual understanding. For example, international events like the World Cup or popular movies like
those in the Marvel series unite audiences from diverse backgrounds, promoting a sense of global
togetherness. Additionally, this trend increases access to high-quality content and products, allowing
people to enjoy a wide variety of entertainment and fashion options that were previously unavailable in
their local markets. Streaming platforms like Netflix, for instance, enable users to explore films and
shows from different cultures, enriching their lives with diverse perspectives.
However, the disadvantages of this global similarity are more pronounced. One major concern is the
potential loss of cultural identity. As global media and brands dominate, local customs, languages, and
traditions may gradually disappear, leading to a homogenized global culture. For example, traditional
clothing styles and local languages are increasingly being replaced by Western fashion and English,
especially among younger generations. Another significant drawback is the negative impact on local
industries. Local filmmakers, fashion designers, and businesses often struggle to compete with the
influx of global products and media, which can stifle local creativity and hinder economic growth. For
instance, a local designer may find it challenging to gain recognition when international fashion trends
overshadow their work.

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In conclusion, although the increasing similarity between countries offers benefits such as global unity
and access to diverse content, I am convinced that the downsides, including the loss of cultural identity
and the decline of local industries, are greater.

TOPIC 25
 Even with improved access to education, a significant number of adults today remain illiterate.
What challenges do adults who cannot read or write face?
What steps can governments take to support illiterate adults? Explain your viewpoint with reasons and
include appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences
In spite of the improvement in access to learning, numerous adults today remain illiterate. This
situation places them at a considerable disadvantage and calls for government intervention to address
the issue.
To begin with, adults who cannot read or write face significant disadvantages in various aspects of
their lives. The most evident challenge is in employment opportunities, as literacy is often a
fundamental requirement for many jobs. Without the ability to read or write, these individuals are
confined to low-paying and unstable jobs, which exacerbates their economic hardships. Furthermore,
illiteracy severely impacts their ability to comprehend essential information, such as medical
instructions or safety guidelines, thereby posing health and safety risks. For instance, an illiterate
person may struggle to understand prescription labels, leading to potential health hazards.
In light of these challenges, governments can implement several measures to assist illiterate adults.
One effective approach is to establish adult education programs that offer free or low-cost literacy
classes. These programs should be flexible to accommodate working adults' schedules, ensuring
higher participation rates. Another crucial strategy involves leveraging technology to promote literacy.
Governments can develop educational apps and online resources tailored to adult learners, making
learning more accessible and engaging. For example, a mobile app that teaches basic literacy skills
through interactive games can be an effective tool for adult education.
In conclusion, despite the availability of education, many adults remain illiterate, which significantly
hampers their employment prospects and daily lives. Governments can play a pivotal role in mitigating
these issues by providing adult education programs and utilizing technology to enhance literacy among
adults.
TOPIC 26
Previously, knowledge was preserved in books, whereas today, it is stored on the internet. Are the
benefits of this change greater than the drawbacks? Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include
appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences.
International cooperation is often perceived as having primary benefits in either environmental
protection or the sphere of business. Personally, I firmly believe that the chief advantage lies in the
safeguarding of our environment.
On the one hand, some argue that the principal advantage of international cooperation is in the
business domain. By establishing trade agreements and economic partnerships, countries can stimulate
economic growth and create new opportunities. For example, the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) has facilitated the flow of goods and services between the US, Canada, and
Mexico, boosting the economies of these countries. Furthermore, international cooperation can
attract foreign direct investment, driving innovation and creating jobs. This demonstrates that
collaboration on a global scale can lead to substantial economic benefits.
However, I side with those who claim that the foremost benefit of international collaboration is the
protection of the environment. Global environmental issues such as climate change, deforestation, and
pollution necessitate concerted efforts from multiple countries. For instance, the Paris Agreement, a
landmark international accord, was established to combat climate change by limiting global warming.
This agreement showcases how countries can unite to address a common environmental threat.
Through such cooperation, nations can share technology, knowledge, and resources, leading to more
effective solutions. Therefore, it is evident that international cooperation significantly contributes to
the preservation of the environment.
In conclusion, while international cooperation undoubtedly fosters economic growth and development,
I believe its most crucial contribution is in the protection of our environment. By addressing global

13
environmental challenges collectively and sharing resources and knowledge, we can ensure a
sustainable future.

TOPIC 27
Technological advancements are expected to provide people in the 21st century with significantly
more free time. How accurate has this prediction been so far? Explain your viewpoint with reasons
and include appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences
With technological advancements, it has been forecasted that individuals in the 21st century will enjoy
significantly more leisure time. However, I believe this prediction has only partly materialized.
One aspect where technology has succeeded in providing more free time is through automation and
smart devices. The proliferation of automated systems in various industries has greatly reduced the
need for human labor in repetitive tasks, allowing people to work fewer hours. For instance, robotic
vacuum cleaners and smart home systems have taken over mundane household chores, freeing up time
that can be spent on leisure activities. This clearly demonstrates how technology has positively
impacted our daily lives by minimizing the time spent on routine tasks.
On the other hand, technology has also blurred the boundaries between work and personal life, leading
to an increase in working hours for many individuals. The ubiquitous presence of smartphones and
laptops means that people are constantly connected to their work, even outside of traditional office
hours. This phenomenon, known as "work-life blurring," has led to a situation where employees feel
compelled to be available for work at all times. For example, many professionals receive work emails
and messages during their off-hours, reducing the actual amount of free time they have. This
undermines the potential benefits that technology could offer in terms of leisure.
In conclusion, while technological advancements have succeeded in some areas by providing more
free time through automation and smart devices, they have also introduced challenges such as work-
life blurring that limit this potential. Therefore, I am convinced that the prediction that people would
have much more free time in the 21st century has only partly come true.
TOPIC 28
It is thought by some that living in major urban areas is harmful to one’s health. To what degree do
you support or oppose this idea? Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include appropriate
examples based on your knowledge or experiences.
There are those who hold the view that living in large urban areas is detrimental to people's health. I
totally agree with this point of view, believing that life in big cities negatively impacts individuals'
health for several reasons.
Firstly, the high levels of pollution in big cities pose significant health risks. Air pollution, primarily
from vehicle emissions and industrial activities, leads to respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases,
and other severe health conditions. For instance, studies have shown that cities like Beijing and Delhi,
which experience high pollution levels, report increased cases of asthma and other respiratory
problems among residents. The correlation between pollution and health issues clearly demonstrates
that living in urban areas can be harmful to people's health.
Secondly, the fast-paced and stressful lifestyle in big cities contributes to mental health problems. The
constant hustle and bustle, combined with high living costs and work pressures, create an environment
where stress and anxiety are prevalent. An example of this is New York City, where the demanding
lifestyle often leads to high stress levels, resulting in increased cases of depression and other mental
health disorders. This stressful urban lifestyle further proves that living in big cities can be detrimental
to mental well-being.
In conclusion, I strongly agree that living in big cities adversely affects people's health. The high
pollution levels and the stressful lifestyle associated with urban living significantly contribute to
various physical and mental health issues. Therefore, it is evident that living in large urban areas can
have severe negative effects on individuals' overall health.
TOPIC 29
Social media is widely used globally for staying connected with others and accessing news updates.
Are the benefits of this change greater than the drawbacks? Explain your viewpoint with reasons and
include appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences.

14
Across the globe, many people use social media to not only stay connected with others but to also stay
abreast of current events. In my opinion, the benefits of this widespread use significantly overshadow
its drawbacks.
Admittedly, there are notable disadvantages when it comes to using social media. Privacy concerns are
a major issue, as users often share sensitive information that can be vulnerable to data breaches. For
instance, several high-profile data leaks have exposed personal details of millions, leading to identity
theft and loss of privacy. Furthermore, the mental health impacts of social media use are another
serious concern. This is because prolonged use of social media has been linked to increased feelings of
anxiety, depression, and loneliness, as users often compare their real lives to the highly curated lives of
others they see online.
Despite the above-mentioned issues, the advantages of social media are more significant and
impactful. To begin with, social media platforms facilitate instant communication, removing physical
barriers. This connectivity was crucial during events like the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling families
and friends separated by lockdowns to stay connected. Another merit worth mentioning is that social
media acts as a vital conduit for disseminating real-time news. During emergencies, platforms like
Twitter have proven essential for spreading information quickly, helping people stay
informed and make timely decisions.
In conclusion, while social media presents risks concerning privacy and mental health, its benefits in
promoting connectivity and information dissemination are profound. The ability to bridge long
distances instantly and the capacity to share urgent news swiftly affirm that the advantages of social
media far outweigh its disadvantages.
TOPIC 30
Some believe that governments should prioritize addressing environmental pollution and housing
issues to prevent illness and disease. To what degree do you support or oppose this idea? Explain your
viewpoint with reasons and include appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences.
It is often suggested that governments can substantially mitigate illness and disease by focusing on
environmental pollution and housing improvements. I fully support this perspective, as addressing
these issues not only promotes health but also reinforces sustainable living conditions.
To begin with, tackling environmental pollution plays a pivotal role in reducing the prevalence of
various chronic and acute health conditions. This is because pollutants like fine particulate matter and
toxic chemicals in the air and water can lead to severe health consequences, including respiratory
problems, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. For example, studies have shown a strong
correlation between reduced pollution levels and lower rates of these diseases in urban areas after the
implementation of stringent environmental regulations. This connection underscores the necessity of
governmental intervention in managing environmental hazards to enhance public health.
Furthermore, the evolving nature of the global job market and individual growth trajectories suggest
that frequent career changes can also lead to, inadequate ventilation, and overcrowding, can
significantly contribute to health issues such as respiratory infections, allergies, and the rapid spread
of communicable diseases. A notable initiative in this area is the Healthy Homes Program, which has
led to a measurable decline in hospital visits for asthma and other respiratory conditions by improving
home environments. Clearly, improving housing conditions is an essential strategy that directly
benefits public health.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that government focus on reducing environmental pollution and
improving housing conditions is crucial for disease prevention. This approach not only
addresses immediate health risks but also contributes to the long-term wellbeing of the population.

TOPIC 31
People who make early career decisions and follow through with them are more likely to find
satisfaction in their work than those who regularly switch jobs. To what degree do you support or
oppose this idea? Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include appropriate examples based on
your knowledge or experiences.
It is believed by some that choosing a career path early and adhering to it throughout life leads to
greater job satisfaction compared to frequently changing careers. Personally, I partly agree with this
statement, recognizing the value in both consistency and flexibility in professional development.

15
Individuals who decide on a career early and commit to it benefit from a deep, nuanced
understanding of their field. This commitment allows for the accumulation of specialized knowledge
and skills, fostering an environment where significant achievements and recognition are more
attainable. For example, a person who has dedicated decades to the field of academic research in
biology might discover groundbreaking information that contributes to their field, achieving a high
level of personal satisfaction and professional acclaim. This example underscores the relationship
between sustained effort in a single direction and the fulfillment derived from mastery and contribution
to one's field.
However, the evolving nature of the global job market and individual growth trajectories suggest that
frequent career changes can also lead to a fulfilling working life. The ability to adapt to new roles and
industries fosters resilience, broadens skill sets, and can lead to unexpected opportunities that align
more closely with an individual's evolving interests and passions. Consider the case of someone who
transitions from a career in finance to pursue a passion in technology and subsequently launches a
successful startup. This transition exemplifies how flexibility and the willingness to embrace
change can also lead to professional satisfaction and success, challenging the notion that a single, early
career choice is always preferable.
In conclusion, while I recognize the benefits of choosing a career path early and dedicating oneself to
it, I also see the merits of adaptability and openness to change. Both steadfast commitment to a chosen
field and the flexibility to navigate through various careers can lead to a satisfying working life,
depending on individual circumstances, market conditions, and personal growth goals.
TOPIC 32
Many people upload personal information, including their contact details, online to register for social
networks or use online banking services. Do you consider this to be a positive or negative change?
Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include appropriate examples based on your knowledge or
experiences.
In today's digital era, an increasing number of people share their private details online, such as home
addresses and contact numbers, for a variety of reasons including registration on social platforms and
internet banking. In my opinion, despite presenting certain drawbacks, this trend is predominantly a
positive evolution in our increasingly digital society.
The primary concern with this trend is the heightened risk of privacy breaches and identity theft. As
personal information becomes increasingly accessible online, it creates opportunities
for cybercriminals to exploit such data. A notable example is the 2016 incident in Vietnam, where the
personal information of 50 million Vietnamese citizens was allegedly leaked online, including
sensitive details like names, addresses, and identity card numbers. This breach not only highlighted the
vulnerabilities associated with online data sharing but also emphasized the urgent need for stronger
cybersecurity measures and more cautious online behavior, linking directly to the critical importance
of protecting personal data in the digital age.
On the flip side, the digitization of personal information offers more considerable benefits. One of
these is the enhanced convenience of everyday transactions and communications. For instance, the rise
of online banking in Vietnam, with platforms such as Vietcombank and Techcombank, has
transformed how Vietnamese individuals manage their finances, enabling instant transfers and bill
payments without visiting a bank branch. Additionally, social networking sites, such as Zalo and
Facebook, have overcome geographical barriers, allowing people to maintain and develop
relationships irrespective of their physical location. These benefits not only simplify logistical aspects
of life but also enrich social interactions, illustrating the positive aspects of sharing personal
information online.
In conclusion, while sharing personal details online carries certain risks, particularly highlighted by the
Vietnamese example of data breaches, I am convinced that the overall impact of this trend is
overwhelmingly positive. It represents a significant leap towards making daily routines more efficient
and enhancing social connections, encapsulating the essence of this digital evolution as a beneficial
step in leveraging technology to improve our lives.
TOPIC 33
It is natural for animal species, including dinosaurs, to go extinct, and people should not attempt to
prevent it. Do you support or oppose this idea? Explain your viewpoint with reasons and include
appropriate examples based on your knowledge or experiences.
16
The extinction of animal species, as seen in prehistoric creatures like dinosaurs, is often perceived as a
natural and inevitable process. However, I firmly disagree with the notion that there is no justification
for human intervention to prevent such occurrences.
The critical role of biodiversity in sustaining ecological health forms the cornerstone of this argument.
Each species is a vital cog in the ecological machine, contributing to essential processes such as
pollination and nutrient cycling. The loss of even one species can trigger a ripple effect, leading to
significant disruptions in the ecosystem. For instance, the decline of a particular bee species can result
in the reduced pollination of certain plants, which can adversely affect the animals that feed on those
plants. This interconnectedness underscores the necessity of preserving each species to
maintain ecological balance and stability.
Moreover, the accelerated rate of species extinction in recent times is largely attributable to human
activities, distinguishing it from natural historical occurrences. Activities such as deforestation,
pollution, and contributing to climate change have precipitated a crisis for various species. A case in
point is the Sumatran elephant, whose dwindling numbers are largely a consequence of habitat loss due
to human encroachment. This scenario exemplifies the urgent need for human responsibility and
intervention to reverse the damage caused by our actions and to safeguard the remaining biodiversity.
In conclusion, my firm disagreement with the viewpoint that animal extinctions should be left
unaddressed stems from the vital importance of biodiversity and the undeniable impact of human
activities on the natural world. It is our responsibility to counteract these effects and actively engage
in conservation efforts.

TOPIC 34
A growing number of young people are changing their jobs and career paths. What are the reasons
behind this phenomenon? Do the benefits of this trend outweigh the drawbacks?
An increasing proportion of young adults are switching jobs and even altering their career
trajectories rather than remaining in a single profession for life. This essay will examine the factors
driving this trend and argue that its advantages generally outweigh its disadvantages when changes are
made strategically.
One key reason behind this phenomenon is the increasing flexibility and competitiveness of the
modern labour market. Many industries now offer project-based roles and frequent recruitment,
making job changes a practical way for young people to improve their income and career prospects. At
the same time, younger generations place greater emphasis on personal fulfilment, work–life balance,
and a supportive working environment rather than long-term stability alone. In addition, rapid
technological development has created new career opportunities, while online courses and professional
training allow individuals to reskill and switch fields more easily than before. For example, a
marketing executive may change companies after a short period to gain better pay or acquire digital
skills in order to move into data-related roles. As a result, changing jobs and career paths has become a
normal response to evolving professional expectations.
Overall, the benefits of this trend tend to outweigh the drawbacks. By moving between roles or even
industries, young people can gain a wider range of skills, build professional networks, and identify
career paths that better suit their strengths and interests. This flexibility is particularly valuable in the
early stages of a career. Admittedly, frequent changes may lead to income instability and make it
harder to develop deep expertise in one area. Some employers may also view job-hopping as a lack
of commitment. However, when each career move is purposeful and contributes to the development of
a core skill set, adaptability becomes a competitive advantage rather than a weakness.
In conclusion, young people are increasingly changing jobs and career paths due to labour market
dynamics, shifting values, and technological change. Although there are certain risks, this trend is
largely beneficial if managed with clear goals and long-term planning.

TOPIC 35
While fossil fuels are still the main source of energy for most countries, others have started to rely on
renewable options such as wind and solar power. Is this an advantageous or disadvantageous trend?
While fossil fuels remain the dominant energy source for most countries, some nations have begun
shifting towards renewable options such as wind and solar power. Overall, this transition can be
regarded as an advantageous trend, despite certain challenges that need to be addressed.
17
One major benefit of relying more on renewable energy is the positive impact on the environment
and national energy security. Unlike fossil fuels, wind and solar power generate electricity without
producing greenhouse gas emissions, which helps reduce air pollution and mitigate climate change.
Moreover, renewable resources are naturally available within national borders, enabling countries to
reduce their dependence on imported oil and gas. For example, Germany’s expansion of wind and
solar energy has helped decrease coal consumption while strengthening energy security by reducing
reliance on imported fossil fuels. As a result, increasing the share of renewable energy supports
both environmental sustainability and long-term energy independence.
Nevertheless, the transition to renewable energy also presents several challenges, particularly in terms
of reliability and cost. Wind and solar power depend heavily on weather conditions, meaning
electricity supply can fluctuate without adequate storage or backup systems. In addition, the initial
investment required for renewable infrastructure, such as power grids and energy storage facilities, can
be substantial. Some critics argue that these high costs make the transition impractical, especially for
developing countries. However, this concern can be addressed through gradual
implementation and technological advancement. For instance, Denmark’s large-scale investment in
wind power, combined with improvements in grid management, has allowed the country to maintain a
stable electricity supply while increasing its share of renewable energy.
In conclusion, although shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy involves financial and technical
difficulties, the overall advantages clearly outweigh the disadvantages. With careful planning and
appropriate investment, this transition represents a positive and necessary step toward a more
sustainable energy future.
TOPIC 36
Mobile phones and the Internet offer many benefits for elderly people, yet they remain the group that
uses these technologies the least. In what ways can these tools be helpful for older adults? What can
be done to encourage them to adopt modern technology?
In the modern world, mobile phones and the Internet provide numerous benefits for people of all ages.
However, older adults remain the group that uses these technologies the least. This essay will discuss
the ways in which technology can support elderly individuals and suggest measures to encourage them
to adopt digital tools.
To begin with, mobile phones and the Internet significantly improve the quality of life for older adults.
These tools help them maintain social connections, which is crucial in reducing loneliness, a common
issue among seniors. Video calls and messaging apps allow them to stay in touch with family
members, especially those who live far away. In addition, digital technology supports healthcare needs
through applications that monitor vital signs, remind users to take medication, or provide access
to online medical consultations. Technology also enhances personal safety, as features such as
emergency call buttons or fall-detection systems can offer timely assistance. These benefits
demonstrate that digital tools play an important role in supporting the physical and emotional well-
being of older adults.
Despite these advantages, many seniors struggle to adopt modern technology. Several measures can
help encourage their participation. First, devices and applications should be designed with simple
interfaces, larger icons, and clear instructions to make them more accessible. Second, community
centres, libraries, and family members can offer training sessions or one-on-one guidance to help
seniors gain confidence. For example, many local organisations now provide free smartphone classes
specifically designed for older learners. Some may argue that older adults are reluctant or impatient
when learning new technologies. However, with patient guidance and practical demonstrations, most
seniors can learn to use essential features comfortably. This combination of thoughtful design
and personalised support can make technology more approachable for them.
In conclusion, mobile phones and the Internet offer valuable benefits to elderly people, and targeted
solutions such as simplified interfaces, hands-on training, and digital safety education can effectively
encourage them to adopt modern technology.
TOPIC 37
Since university education is seen as a basic right, some people believe the government should make it
free for all, regardless of each student's economic status. Do you agree or disagree with this belief?
University education is widely regarded as a fundamental right, and some believe that it should be
completely free for all citizens, regardless of their financial background. While I agree that higher
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education should be made more accessible, I do not think it is practical or fair for governments to
make it entirely free for everyone.
Supporters of free higher education argue that it promotes social equality and opens doors for those
from disadvantaged backgrounds. When tuition fees are eliminated, students from low-income families
can pursue degrees without financial barriers, which helps bridge the gap between the rich and the
poor. For example, countries like Germany and Finland have adopted tuition-free university models,
resulting in a higher proportion of graduates and a more educated workforce. However, making
university education free for all can place a heavy burden on public finances, especially in countries
with large populations. Governments may need to cut spending in other vital areas, such as healthcare
or primary education, to cover these costs. Furthermore, wealthy families would also benefit
unnecessarily from this policy, making it less equitable. Therefore, while accessibility is important, a
universal free model is neither financially sustainable nor socially just.
A more effective approach would be to provide conditional support, offering free or subsidized
education only to those who truly need it. This ensures that financial aid targets students from
disadvantaged backgrounds while maintaining the quality and sustainability of higher education. For
instance, countries like Canada and Australia have implemented income-contingent loan systems,
allowing students to repay tuition fees gradually after finding employment. Similarly, in Vietnam,
teacher-training and medical programs in rural areas receive tuition exemptions to attract and retain
essential professionals. These policies strike a balance between fairness and efficiency, ensuring that
education remains accessible without overburdening public budgets.
In conclusion, while higher education should indeed be affordable and inclusive, making it completely
free for everyone is neither realistic nor equitable. Governments should instead prioritize targeted
support for low-income and high-achieving students, ensuring that education continues to serve as both
a right and a sustainable driver of social progress.
TOPIC 39
Some people believe it is better to plant trees in empty areas of towns and cities instead of using the
land for more houses. Do you agree or disagree with this belief?
Introduction
In recent years, rapid urbanization has raised debates about how to best use vacant land in cities. While
some argue that these areas should be developed for new housing projects, I believe that prioritizing
green spaces would bring more sustainable and long-term benefits for both people and the
environment.
Body Paragraph 1
On one hand, it is understandable why many people emphasize the need for more housing. In major
cities such as Hong Kong and Tokyo, limited land and population growth have led to soaring property
prices and overcrowded living conditions. Expanding residential areas seems like an urgent solution to
meet the increasing housing demand. However, relying solely on construction to address population
pressure can create serious ecological imbalances. The overdevelopment of housing projects often
leads to reduced air quality, higher temperatures, and fewer recreational spaces. In contrast, planting
trees not only improves air circulation but also enhances mental well-being and promotes a
more livable urban environment. Therefore, maintaining green zones is crucial for sustainable city life
rather than focusing exclusively on building homes.
Body Paragraph 2
Moreover, creating green spaces in cities offers multiple long-term advantages. Trees absorb carbon
dioxide, lower urban temperatures, and help reduce flooding during heavy rains. Green areas
also serve as social hubs where residents can exercise, relax, and interact with one another, thereby
improving both physical and mental health. For instance, Singapore’s “City in a Garden” policy has
made it one of the cleanest and healthiest cities in Asia. Similarly, Copenhagen integrates small parks
within residential zones, ensuring that citizens can access nature within walking distance. These
examples prove that urban greenery enhances not only environmental sustainability but also overall
life satisfaction.
Conclusion
In conclusion, although expanding housing can address immediate urban needs, the long-term benefits
of planting trees far outweigh its drawbacks. Governments should focus on urban planning that

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integrates both housing and greenery, creating cities that are modern, resilient, and truly livable for
generations to come.
TOPIC 40
Today, in many countries, people in big cities live either alone or in small family units, rather than
large, extended family groups. Is this an advantageous or disadvantageous trend?
In many modern societies, particularly in large cities, there has been a clear shift from living in
extended family groups to smaller households or even single-person living. While this trend offers
greater independence and flexibility for individuals, it also poses several social challenges that should
not be overlooked.
On the one hand, living alone or in a small family provides people with more personal freedom and
privacy. Young adults in urban areas can make their own decisions about lifestyle, career, and finances
without the pressure or interference that often comes with multigenerational living. For example, in
Singapore and Seoul, a growing number of young professionals choose to live independently so they
can focus on their careers. Similarly, in the UK, research shows that couples who live separately from
their parents tend to report higher relationship satisfaction. Therefore, this lifestyle reflects a
progressive mindset that values individuality and self-reliance.
On the other hand, the rise of small households can weaken traditional family bonds and
increase feelings of isolation. When generations live apart, elderly parents may lack emotional or
physical care, while younger people may experience loneliness and mental stress. Japan’s “lonely
death” phenomenon, where thousands of elderly individuals die unnoticed each year, is a striking
example of the potential downsides of this living pattern. In many urban areas of Vietnam, family
reunions have also become less frequent, leading to a gradual loss of cultural
traditions and intergenerational connection.
In conclusion, living independently or in smaller family units is an inevitable outcome of urbanization
and modern lifestyles. However, it should be balanced with efforts to maintain close family
relationships and community ties. Only by combining personal independence with social cohesion can
societies ensure both individual well-being and long-term harmony.

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