PROGRAM ASSESSMENT

BEED 4E

MATHEMATICS 1:
FUNDAMENTALS OF
MATH

Members:
Siochi, Yujie
Solano, Jonalisa C.
Sotomayor, Andrea Nicole B.
(Siochi)
SHORT RECAP
What is the acronym of P-E-M-D-A-S?
Numbers may be classified as prime, composite, natural or denominate:
A. A prime number is a positive number which may only be divided by 1 or itself. prime numbers
2,3,5,7,11,13,15,17,19
B. A composite number is a positive number which has a positive divisor other one or itself. all even
numbers are composite except the number 2. COMPOSITE numbers 4,6,8,9,10,12
C. A natural number like 0 or 1 is neither prime nor composite.
D. A denominate number is a number with an attached unit of measurement.

PRIME FACTORIZATION -is the process of findings which prime numbers you need to multiply together
to get the original number. There are 2 methods of prime factorization:
• FACTOR TREE METHOD • CONTINUOUS DIVISION METHOD
- we perform repeated division using
prime factors as divisors until the last
divided becomes 1.

LEAST COMMON FACTOR (LCM) - For GREATEST COMMON FACTOR (GCF) -

LCM, after you list down the prime For GCF, after you list down the prime
factors, mark similar prime factors as factors, mark similar prime factors as
one pair. After you have done so, multiply one pair. After you have done so, multiply
together the paired and unpaired prime together the paired prime factors only.
factors.

DIVISIBILITY RULES - are shortcuts to determine if a number is evenly divisible by another number,
without actually performing the division.
• DIVISIBILITY BY 2 - A number is divisible by 2 if its last digit is even (0, 2, 4, 6, or 8) Example: 124
is divisible by 2 because the last digit is 4.
 • DIVISIBILITY BY 3 - A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. Example:
456 is divisible by 3 because 4 + 5 + 6 = 15, and 15 is divisible by 3
• DIVISIBILITY BY 4 - A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by its last two digits is
divisible by 4. Example: 1236 is divisible by 4 because 36 is divisible by 4.
• DIVISIBILITY BY 5 - A number is divisible by 5 if its last digit is 0 or 5. Example: 785 is divisible by
5 because the last digit is 5.
• DIVISIBILITY BY 6 - A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by both 2 and 3. Example: 234 is
divisible by 6 because it's even (divisible by 2) and 2 + 3 + 4 = 9, which is divisible by 3.
• DIVISIBILITY BY 7 - One method is to double the last digit and subtract it from the rest of the
number. If the result is divisible by 7, then the original number is divisible by 7. You may need to
repeat this process. Example: For 672, double the last digit (2) to get 4. Subtract 4 from the rest
of the number (67): 67 - 4 = 63. Since 63 is divisible by 7, then 672 is divisible by 7.
• DIVISIBILITY BY 8 - A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by its last three digits is
divisible by 8. Example: 9112 is divisible by 8 because 112 is divisible by 8.
• DIVISIBILITY BY 9 - A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. Example:
531 is divisible by 9 because 5 + 3 + 1 = 9, which is divisible by 9.
• DIVISIBILITY BY 10 - A number is divisible by 10 if its last digit is 0. Example: 1,450 is divisible by
10 because it ends in 0.

(Solano)
RATIO AND PROPORTION ex:
RATIO - is an expression of the relative size of 1. There are 3 boys and 4 girls in section Rizal.
two quantities. • What is the ratio of boys to girls?
Three ways in writing ratio: • What is the ratio of girls to boys?
• colon (a:b) 2. If a picture frame is 27 cm long and 18 cm
• fractional form (a/b) wide, what is the ratio of its length to width?
• using word ‘to’ (a to b)
a. 3:2 c. 3:5
b. 2:3 d. 5:3

TWO TYPES OF RATIO

1. Part-to-part ratio - represent the relationship of two separate groups.
ex: There are 7 roses and 8 sunflowers in the garden. What is the ratio of roses to sunflower?

2. Part-to-whole ratio - represent the relationship of one specific group to the entire group (whole)
ex: What is the ratio of sunflowers to the total flower in the garden?

PROPORTION - is a statement of equality between two ratios.

ex:
1. There are 3 boys and 4 girls in section Rizal, while there are 6 boys and 8 girls in section
Bonifacio.
 2. In the university, the ratio of female professors to the male professor is 8:5. If there are 75 male
professors, how many are female professors?
a. 120 c. 225
b. 180 d. 375/8
PERCENTAGE, RATE AND BASE FORMULA:
1. PERCENTAGE - is the portion of the • Percentage (P= Bxr)
original number. (is) • BASE (B= P/R)
2. RATE - is the number that represents the
• RATE (R= P/B)
percent. (%)
3. BASE - is the number which represents
the original number. (of)
ex:
1. What is 30% of 250? 4. At 25% discount, Ms. Barat paid P150.75 for a
a. 85 c. 55 bag. What was the original price of the bag?

b. 75 d. 65 a. P37.69 c. P201.00

2. 20 is what percent of 80? b. P150.75 d. P603.00

a. 20% c. 25% 5. Lulu spends 15% of her monthly income for

house rental, 10% for electric bill and 25% for
b. 30% d. 15%
food and other miscellaneous expenses. After
3. If 500 or 25% of a graduating class are girls, paying all these expenses, she still has P6,000
how many are graduating? left. How much does she earn every month?
a. 2,000 c. 10,000 a. P15,000.00 c. P9,000.00
b. 5,000 d. 20,000 b. P12,000.00 d. P8,000.00

MEASUREMENTS AND UNITS OF MEASURE

1. PERIMETER
• TRIANGLE = a + b + c
- where a, b and c represent the 3 lengths of the triangle

• RECTANGLE = 2l + 2w
- where l and w represent the length and the width respectively.

• SQUARE = 4s
- where s represents the length of one side of the square.

• CIRCLE = 2πr
- where represents the constant equal to 3.1416 and r represents the radius
of the circle.
2. AREA -is the total amount of space that a 2-dimensional object occupies.

• TRIANGLE = ½ x b x h
- where b represents the base and h represents the perpendicular height.
• RECTANGLE = l x w
- where l and w represent the length and the width respectively.
• SQUARE = s²
- where s represents the length of one side of the square

• CIRCLE = 𝜋𝑟²
- represents the constant equal to 3.1416 and r represents the radius of the
circle.

• TRAPEZOID = ½ x (𝒃𝟏 + 𝒃𝟐 )
- Where 𝑏1 and 𝑏2 represent the length of 2 parallel bases and h is the
perpendicular height.
(Sotomayor)
3. VOLUME - Volume is the total amount of space occupied by a 3-dimensional object.

• CUBE = (s³)
- where s is length of 1 side of the cube.
• RECTANGULAR PRISM = 1 x w x h
- where I is the length, wis the width and h is the height.
• CYLINDER = r²h (3.1416)
- where represents the constant equal to 3.1416, r represents the radius of
the circular base and h represents the height of the cylinder.
• CONE = (1/3) x πr²h,
- π where represents the constant equal to 3.1416, r represents the radius of
the circular base and h represents the height of the cone.
• PYRAMID = (1/3) × B × H
- Where b is the area of the base and h is the height.
• SPHERE = (4/3) × πr³
- where π to represents the constant equal to 3.1416 and represents the
radius.
4. CAPACITY - total amount of fluid that a 3-dimensional container can hold. It is used hand
in hand with volume and is calculated using the same formulae.
5. WEIGHT - is a measure of the amount of gravitational pull exerted on a mass. Beyond the
realm of physics, weight and mass are used interchangeably. Conventional units include
kilograms and pounds.