ALDERSGATE COLLEGE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING INFORMATICS AND TECHNOLOGY

STRUCTURAL DESIGN 1 (REINFORCED CONCRETE)

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF T-BEAMS
Introduction
T-BEAMS
Reinforced concrete floors usually consist of slabs and beams, which are placed or poured monolithically. in
this effect, the beam will have extra width on top (which is usually under compression) called flanges, and the resulting
section is called a T-Beam. The may also be L-shaped if it is located at the end of slab. The part of a T beam below
the slab is referred to as the web or stem.

Because of the huge amount of compression concrete when the flange of a T-beam is in compression, the section is
usually tension-controlled (extreme tension yields). The analysis of T beams is quite similar to the analysis of
rectangular beams in that the specifications relating to the strains in the reinforcing are identical. To repeat briefly, it is
desirable to have 𝜀𝑡 values ≥ 0.005, and they may not be less than 0.004 unless the member is subjected to an axial
load ≥ 0.10𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑔 . You will learn that 𝜀𝑡 values are almost always much larger than 0.005 in T beams because of their
very large compression flanges. For such members, the values of c are normally very small, and calculated 𝜀𝑡 values
very large.

The compression block of a T-beam may fall within the flange only or partly in the web. If it falls within the flange as
shown in Figure 3.1 (a), the rectangular beam formulas in recent topic applies since the concrete below neutral axis is
assumed to be cracked and its shape has no effect on the flexure calculations. If, however it covers part of the web as
shown in Figure 3.1 (b), the compression concrete no longer consist of a single rectangle and thus the rectangular
beam formulas do not apply.

Figure 3.1 Neutral axis locations

If the neutral axis is assumed to fall within the flange, the value of a can be computed as it was for rectangular beams:
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝑑 𝑎
𝑎= ′ = ′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 =
0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑏 0.85𝑓𝑐 𝛽1
If the computed value of a is equal to or less than the flange thickness, the section for all practical purposes can be
assumed to be rectangular, even though the computed value of c is actually greater than the flange thickness.

1 | CE 422
NSCP 2015 CODE REQUIREMENTS ON T-BEAMS

1. In T-beam construction, the flange and web shall be placed monolithically or otherwise effectively bonded
together(composite).

2. For non-prestressed T-beams supporting monolithic or composite slabs, the effective flange width 𝑏𝑓 shall
include the beam web width 𝑏𝑤 plus an effective overhanging flange width in accordance with Table
[Link], where ℎ is the slab thickness and 𝑠𝑤 is the clear distance to the adjacent web.

3. The effective overhanging flange width on each side of the web (T Beams) shall be taken as the least of:

(a.) 8ℎ𝑓 8 times the slab thickness

(b.) 𝑠𝑤 /2 ½ the clear distance to the adjacent web.

(c.) 𝑙𝑛 /8 1/8 of the clear span of the beam.

4. For beams with slab on one side only (L beams), the effective overhanging flange shall be least of:

(a) 𝑙𝑛 /12 1/12 the clear span length of the beam,

(b) 6ℎ𝑓 6 times the slab thickness, and
(c) 𝑠𝑤 /2 ½ the clear distance to the adjacent web.

5. Isolated beams in which T-shape are used to provide a flange for additional compression area shall have a
flange thickness greater than or equal to 0.5𝑏𝑤 and an effective flange width less than or equal to 4𝑏𝑤 .

FORMULA FOR EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH FOR T-BEAMS

𝑏𝑤 + 16ℎ𝑓
T-BEAMS 𝑠1 𝑠2
Least of 𝑏𝑤 + +
𝑏𝑓 2 2
𝑙𝑛 /4
𝑏𝑤 + 6ℎ𝑓
L-BEAMS 𝑠
Least of 𝑏𝑤 +
𝑏𝑓 2
𝑏𝑤 + 𝑙𝑛 /12

ANALYSIS OF T BEAMS
The calculation of the design strengths of T beams is illustrated in examples. In the first of these problems, the neutral
axis falls in the flange, while for the second, it is in the web. The procedure used for both examples involves the
following steps:
1. Check 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 using 𝑏𝑤 as the web width. (Alternatively you can also use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 )
2. Compute 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 .
3. Determine the area of the concrete in compression (𝐴𝑐 ) stressed to 0.85𝑓𝑐′
𝐶 = 𝑇 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐
𝑇
𝐴𝑐 =
0.85𝑓𝑐′
4. Calculate a, c, and 𝜀𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑠 .
5. Calculate ∅𝑀𝑛

Example 5.1

2 | CE 422 Prepared by: Randolf T. Bagyan RCE

EXAMPLE 1
Determine the design strength of the T beam shown, with 𝑓′𝑐 = 27.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎. The beam has a
9-meter span and is cast integrally with a floor slab that is 100 mm thick. The clear distance between webs is 1.25 m.

Given:
𝑓′𝑐 = 27.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑦 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑙𝑛 = 9 𝑚 = 9000 𝑚𝑚
ℎ𝑓 = 100 𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑤 = 1250 𝑚𝑚

Required: Design strength ∅𝑀𝑛

SOLUTION:
Check Effective Flange Width 𝒃𝒇
least of
𝑏𝑓 = 𝑏𝑤 + 16ℎ𝑓 = 250 + 16(100) = 1850 𝑚𝑚
𝑠 𝑠 1250 1250
𝑏𝑓 = 𝑏𝑤 + 21 + 22 = 250 + 2 + 2 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑙𝑛 9000
𝑏𝑓 = = = 2250 𝑚𝑚 USE: 𝑏𝑓 = 1500 𝑚𝑚
4 4

Check minimum steel ratio:

𝜋
𝐴𝑠 = 6 ( ∙ 282 ) = 3695 𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴𝑠 3695
𝜌= = = 0.02463
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (250)(600)
√f′c
1.4
ρmin = but not less than
4fy fy
1.4 1.4
Since 𝑓𝑐′ = 27.6 < 31.36 𝑀𝑃𝑎; ρmin = = = 0.00338 SINCE 𝜌 > ρmin : 𝑂𝐾
𝑓𝑦 414
Computing T
𝑁
𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 3695𝑚𝑚2 (414 ) = 1529730 𝑁 = 1529.73 𝑘𝑁
𝑚𝑚2

Determining 𝑨𝒄
𝑇 1529730 𝑁
𝐴𝑐 = ′ = = 65,206 𝑚𝑚2
0.85𝑓𝑐 0.85 (27.6 𝑁 )
𝑚𝑚2
Flange area = 1500(100) = 150,000 𝑚𝑚2 greater than 𝐴𝑐 , compression block is within the flange, analyze like
a rectangular beam.

Calculating a, c, and 𝜺𝒕
65206
𝐴𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏𝑓 ; 𝑎 = = 43.47 𝑚𝑚
1500
𝑎 43.47
𝑐= = = 51.14 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.85
(𝑑−𝑐) 600−51.14
𝜀𝑡 = 0.003 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.0322 > 0.005 ∅ = 0.90 section is ductile.
𝑐 51.14

Calculating ∅𝑴𝒏
Obviously, the stress block is entirely within the flange, and the rectangular formulas apply.
𝑎
∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝑇 (𝑑 − ) Note that 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 1529.73 kN
2
43.47
∅𝑴𝒏 = 0.90(1529.73𝑘𝑁) (600 − 𝑚𝑚) /1000 = 𝟕𝟗𝟔. 𝟏𝟑 kN-m
2

3 | CE 422 Prepared by: Randolf T. Bagyan RCE

EXAMPLE 2
Compute the design strength for the T beam shown, in which 𝑓′𝑐 = 27.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
Given:
𝑓′𝑐 = 27.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Required: Design strength ∅𝑀𝑛

SOLUTION:

Check 𝑨𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒏
√fc′ bw d 1.4bw d
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = but not less than
4fy fy

√27.6 (350)(750) 1.4(350)(750)

𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 833 mm2 but not less than = 888 𝑚𝑚2
4(414) 414
𝐴𝑠 = 8(804 𝑚𝑚2 ) = 6432 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 : 𝑂𝐾

Computing T
𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 6432(414) = 2662848 𝑁 = 2662.85 𝑘𝑁

Determining 𝑨𝒄
𝑇 2662848 𝑁
𝐴𝑐 = ′ = = 113,506 𝑚𝑚2
0.85𝑓𝑐 0.85 (27.6 𝑁 )
𝑚𝑚2
Flange area = 750(100) = 75,000 𝑚𝑚2 way less than 𝐴𝑐 , Obviously, the stress block must extend below the
flange to provide the necessary compression area, 113506 − 75000 = 38,506 𝑚𝑚2 .

Computing the Distance 𝒚 ̅ from the Top of the Flange to

the Center of Gravity of 𝑨𝒄 .
∑ 𝐴𝑦 75000(50) + 38506(100 + 55)
𝑦̅ = =
∑𝐴 75000 + 38506
= 85.62 𝑚𝑚
The Lever Arm Distance from T to C
𝑧 = 𝑑 − 𝑦̅ = 750 − 85.62 = 664.38 𝑚𝑚

Calculating a, c, and 𝜺𝒕
𝑎 = 100 + 110 = 210 𝑚𝑚
𝑎 210
𝑐= = = 247.06 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.85
(𝑑−𝑐) 750−247.06
𝜀𝑡 = 0.003 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.0061 > 0.005 ∅ = 0.90 section is ductile.
𝑐 247.06

Calculating ∅𝑴𝒏
∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝑇(𝑧) Note that 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 2662.85 kN
0.90(2662.85𝑘𝑁)(664.38 𝑚𝑚)
∅𝑴𝒏 = = 𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟐. 𝟐𝟑 kN-m
1000

4 | CE 422 Prepared by: Randolf T. Bagyan RCE

ANOTHER METHOD FOR ANALYZING T BEAMS
Should 𝑎 be greater than the flange thickness, ℎ𝑓 (as was the case for Example 2), the special method to be described
here will be very useful. The beam is divided into a set of rectangular parts consisting of the overhanging parts of the
flange and the compression part of the web (see figure).

The total compression, 𝐶𝑤 , in the web rectangle, and the total compression in the overhanging flange, 𝐶𝑓 , are
computed:
𝐶𝑤 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤

𝐶𝑓 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ (𝑏𝑓 − 𝑏𝑤 )ℎ𝑓

Then the nominal moment, 𝑀𝑛 , is determined by multiplying 𝐶𝑤 and 𝐶𝑓 by their respective lever arms from their
centroids to the centroid of the steel:
𝑎 ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑤 (𝑑 − ) + 𝐶𝑓 (𝑑 − )
2 2
EXAMPLE 3
Repeat Example 2 using the value of 𝑎 (210 𝑚𝑚) previously obtained and the alternate formulas just developed.
Reference is made below.

SOLUTION:
Computing 𝐶𝑤 and 𝐶𝑓
𝐶𝑤 = 0.85(27.6)(210)(350) = 1724.31 𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑓 = 0.85(27.6)(750 − 350)(100) = 938.4 𝑘𝑁

Calculating c, and 𝜺𝒕
𝑎 210
𝑐= = = 247.06 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.85
(𝑑 − 𝑐) 750 − 247.06
𝜀𝑡 = 0.003 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.0061
𝑐 247.06
𝜀𝑡 > 0.005 ∅ = 0.90 section is ductile.
Calculating ∅𝑴𝒏
𝑎 ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑤 (𝑑 − ) + 𝐶𝑓 (𝑑 − )
2 2
0.21 0.1
𝑴𝒏 = 1724.31 𝑘𝑁 (0.75 − 𝑚) + 938.4 𝑘𝑁 (0.75 − 𝑚) = 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟗. 𝟎𝟔 kN-m
2 2

∅𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎(𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟗. 𝟎𝟔) = 𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟐. 𝟏𝟓 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦

5 | CE 422 Prepared by: Randolf T. Bagyan RCE

 DESIGN OF T BEAMS
For the design of T beams, the flange has normally already been
selected in the slab design, as it is for the slab. The size of the web
is given an area based on shear requirements; that is, a sufficient
area is used so as to provide a certain minimum shear [Link] is
also possible that it may be selected on the basis of the width
estimated to be needed to put in the reinforcing bars. Sizes may also
have been preselected, to simplify formwork for architectural
requirements or for deflection reasons.
- The flanges of most T beams are usually so large that the
neutral axis probably falls within the flange, and thus the
rectangular beam formulas apply.
- Should the neutral axis fall within the web, a trial-and-
error process is often used for the design. In this process,
a lever arm from the center of gravity of the compression
ℎ𝑓
block to the center of gravity of the steel is estimated to equal the larger of 0.9𝑑 or (𝑑 − ) , and from this
2
𝑀𝑛
value, called 𝑧, a trial steel area is calculated (𝐴𝑠 = ). Then by the process used in Example 2, the
𝑓𝑦 𝑧
value of the estimated lever arm is checked.
- If there is much difference, the estimated value of z is revised and a new 𝐴𝑠 determined. This process is
continued until the change in 𝐴𝑠 is quite small.
Often a T beam is part of a continuous beam that spans over interior supports, such as columns. The bending
moment over the support is negative, so the flange is in tension. Also, the magnitude of the negative moment is
usually larger than that of the positive moment near midspan. This situation will control the design of the T beam
because the depth and web width will be determined for this case. Then, when the beam is designed for positive
moment at midspan, the width and depth are already known.
EXAMPLE 4
Design a T beam for the floor system shown, for which 𝑏𝑤 and 𝑑 are given. 𝑀𝐷 = 108.5 kN − m, 𝑀𝐿 =
135.6 kN − m, 𝑓𝑐′ = 27.6 MPa, 𝑓𝑦 = 414 MPa, and simple span= 6 m.
Given:
𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 3000 − 300 = 2700 mm

Required: As
SOLUTION:
Check Effective Flange Width 𝒃𝒇
least of
𝑏𝑓 = 𝑏𝑤 + 16ℎ𝑓 = 300 + 16(100) = 1900 𝑚𝑚
𝑠 𝑠 3000 3000
𝑏𝑓 = 𝑏𝑤 + 21 + 22 = 300 + 2 + 2 = 3300 𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑛 6000
𝑏𝑓 = = = 1500 𝑚𝑚 USE: 𝑏𝑓 = 1500 𝑚𝑚
4 4

Computing Moments Assuming ∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎

𝑀𝑢 = 1.2𝑀𝐷 + 1.6𝑀𝐿 = 1.2(108.5) + 1.6(135.6) = 347.16 kN − m

𝑀𝑢 347.16
𝑀𝑛 = = = 385.73 kN − m
∅ 0.90

6 | CE 422 Prepared by: Randolf T. Bagyan RCE

Assuming a Lever Arm 𝒛 Equal to the Larger of 𝟎. 𝟗𝒅 or 𝒅 − (𝒉𝒇 /𝟐)
100
𝑧 = 0.9(450) = 405 𝑚𝑚 or [450 − ] = 400 𝑚𝑚 USE: 𝑧 = 405 𝑚𝑚
2

Trial Steel Area

𝑀𝑛 385.73 × 106 N − mm
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑧 𝐴𝑠 = = = 2300 mm2
𝑓𝑦 𝑧 N
414 (405 mm)
mm2
Computing Values of a and z
𝑇=𝐶
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐
2300(414) = 0.85(27.6)𝐴𝑐
𝐴𝑐 = 40,588 mm2
Flange area = 1500(100) = 150,000 > 𝐴𝑐 so compression block is within the flange.
𝐴𝑐 40588
𝑎= = = 27.06 mm
𝑏𝑓 1500
𝑎 27.06
𝑧 = 𝑑 − = 450 − = 436.47 mm
2 2
Calculating 𝑨𝒔
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑧
2
𝑀𝑛 385.73×106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 2135 mm2
𝑓𝑦 𝑧 414 (436.47)
Computing Values of a and z
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 2135(414)
𝐴𝑐 = = = 37,676 mm2
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 0.85(27.6)
𝐴𝑐 37676
𝑎= = = 25.12 mm
𝑏𝑓 1500
𝑎 25.12
𝑧 = 𝑑 − = 450 − = 437.44 mm
2 2
Calculating 𝑨𝒔 with the revised 𝒛
𝑀𝑛 385.73×106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 2141 mm2
𝑓𝑦 𝑧 414 (437.44)
Checking Minimum Steel Reinforcements
√f′c bw d
1.4bw d
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = but not less than
4fy fy
√27.6(300)(450) 1.4(300)(450)
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 428 mm2 but not less than = 457 mm2
4(414) 414
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 < 𝑨𝒔 𝐎𝐊
Check if assumption for ∅ is correct:
𝑎 25.12
𝑐= = = 29.55 mm
𝛽1 0.85
𝑑−𝑐 450−29.55
𝜀𝑡 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.003 ( ) = 0.0427 > 0.005 so ∅ = 0.90
𝑐 29.55
ADAPT: Required steel area As = 2141 mm2

EXAMPLE 5
Design a T- beam for the floor system shown for which 𝑏𝑤 and 𝑑 are given. 𝑀𝐷 = 271 kN − m , 𝑀𝐿 =
576 kN − m, 𝑓𝑐′ = 20.7 MPa, 𝑓𝑦 = 414 MPa, and simple span= 5.4 m.

Given:

7 | CE 422 Prepared by: Randolf T. Bagyan RCE

Required: As
SOLUTION:
Check Effective Flange Width 𝒃𝒇
least of
𝑏𝑓 = 𝑏𝑤 + 16ℎ𝑓 = 375 + 16(75) = 1575 𝑚𝑚
𝑠 𝑠 1800−375 1800−375
𝑏𝑓 = 𝑏𝑤 + 21 + 22 = 375 + 2
+
2
= 1800 𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑛 5400
𝑏𝑓 = = = 1350 𝑚𝑚 USE: 𝑏𝑓 = 1350 𝑚𝑚
4 4

Computing Moments Assuming ∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎

𝑀𝑢 = 1.2𝑀𝐷 + 1.6𝑀𝐿 = 1.2(271) + 1.6(576) = 1246.8 kN − m
𝑀𝑢 1246.8
𝑀𝑛 = = = 1385.3 kN − m
∅ 0.90
Assuming a Lever Arm 𝒛 Equal to the Larger of 𝟎. 𝟗𝒅 or 𝒅 − (𝒉𝒇 /𝟐)
75
𝑧 = 0.9(600) = 540 𝑚𝑚 or [600 − ] = 562.5 𝑚𝑚 USE: 𝑧 = 562.5 𝑚𝑚
2

Trial Steel Area

𝑀𝑛 1385.3 × 106 N − mm
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑧 𝐴𝑠 = = = 5949 mm2
𝑓𝑦 𝑧 414 N (562.5 mm)
mm2
Computing Values of a and z
𝑇=𝐶
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐
5949(414) = 0.85(20.7)𝐴𝑐
𝐴𝑐 = 139,976 mm2
Flange area = 1350(75) = 101,250 < 𝐴𝑐 so compression block is within the web.
𝐴𝑤 = 𝐴𝑐 − 𝐴𝑤 = 139976 − 101250 = 38,726 mm2

Computing the Distance 𝒚

̅ from the Top of the Flange to the Center of Gravity of 𝑨𝒄 .
75 103.27
∑ 𝐴𝑦 139976( )+38726(75+ )
2 2
𝑦̅ = ∑𝐴
= = 72.54 mm
139976

The Lever Arm Distance from T to C

𝑧 = 𝑑 − 𝑦̅ = 600 − 72.54 = 527.46 𝑚𝑚
Required Steel Area
𝑀𝑛 1385.3 ×106 N−mm
𝐴𝑠 = = N = 6344 mm2
𝑓𝑦 𝑧 414 (527.46 mm)
mm2

Checking Minimum Reinforcing

√f′c bw d
1.4bw d
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = but not less than
4fy fy

8 | CE 422 Prepared by: Randolf T. Bagyan RCE

 √20.7(375)(600) 1.4(375)(600)
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 618 mm2 but not less than = 761 mm2
4(414) 414
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 < 𝑨𝒔 𝐎𝐊
Check if assumption for ∅ is correct:
𝑎 75+103.27
𝑐= = = 209.73 mm
𝛽1 0.85
𝑑−𝑐 600−209.73
𝜀𝑡 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.003 ( ) = 0.000558 > 0.005 so ∅ = 0.90
𝑐 209.73
2
ADAPT: Required steel area As = 6,344 mm

REFERENCES:
J.C. McCormac, R.H. Brown. Design of Reinforced Concrete. 9th Ed. USA: Wiley & Sons, c2014.

R.C. Design - - Analysis of T - Beams - - TAGALOG

[Link]
T-BEAM DESIGN PROBLEM | BALANCED CONDITION | REINFORCED CONCRETE | NSCP 2015
[Link]

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3
Solve the following problems using NSCP 2015 code provisions.
1. Given the following properties of a T-beam:
Effective flange width, 𝑏𝑓 = 700 mm
Width of web, 𝑏𝑤 = 260 mm
Effective depth, 𝑑 = 450 mm
Flange thickness, 𝑡 = 110 mm
Concrete compressive strength, 𝑓𝑐′ = 24 MPa
Steel yield strength, 𝑓𝑦 = 345 MPa
Determine the required steel area for the following load combinations:
a. 𝑀𝐷 = 150 kN − m, ML = 160 kN − m
b. 𝑀𝐷 = 210 kN − m, ML = 170 kN − m

2. Given the following properties of a T-beam:

Effective flange width, 𝑏𝑓 = 1200 mm
Width of web, 𝑏𝑤 = 300 mm
Effective depth, 𝑑 = 550 mm
Flange thickness, 𝑡 = 115 mm
Concrete compressive strength, 𝑓𝑐′ = 24 MPa
Steel yield strength, 𝑓𝑦 = 314 MPa
Determine the required strength if the beam is reinforced with 8-28 mm bars.

3. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the T-beam shown. Use 𝑓𝑦 = 276 MPa and 𝑓𝑐′ = 28 MPa.
𝐴𝑠 = 3,927 mm2 .

9 | CE 422 Prepared by: Randolf T. Bagyan RCE