Basic Clectyonfcs Elementary Phystes of semiconductor matesfaly Semiconductor: (tf one whose electyfeall fneulecoy and conducttutey ood er Ge, sf A Ife bla condu ctoy ~ conduction band Poxbidden Band Energy Valence band Atom in_a_ soltd Nalince band: Ut the enengy band wshich consists of vallince Clectyong preacnt’ fn outtesmost chef of an thom. The valance © when —proufded with —cutidient ens qe changed fmto dvee and mousy fo conduc¥an hand . Thee two bands ane, Sepanated by certain amount of Seg) mow ak forbidden enexgy “gap - Conduction ai band | fvsei conduction band ze « | be é Valence band velace | | band 5 bij i > (nculactox Semiconductor Conductor ‘ @ scanned with OKEN ScannerIn temes tesme of energy hand , semiconductors aut those, —uthich at -Yoom temp hah poset Filled — yedonce band and a ee dep bl conduction and valance band , Elemental semiconductor : composed of syle petty cf atom tudh ah St, Mae, oe | Te compound —camiconductox compared oF #0 OF Move —adoms af cpediy A adem x: Gallium Arsenic (Gans) Indafinsic Semiconductor + ft % made cf ge matertal fn ‘ts Fmpusei ee 5 1g mrelty ‘s added & Shae. Pett = fon ee, ne 7 be eo sEIRG In the cryttaline crue & — tatiinetc SC, thee ou fou ctomC in the outesmott — exbit & each St bom Ak lewd temp (Ck), oll four valour © on Hf ty held with —pawut aden os well a by ceovateut bend with Cther atoms. Hence, 90 can move fr fe Ceystad and © se behave on fnculafor at fous teup (OK) . (2 nen. & © =o. & holes Ne= Potifavic commen concentradfon _ then , [e=r=n | at ok Electron - bole pay qenveedtion and 3ecembinakion a free E> & at toup above ok . € 4 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerIn fintstngic 6c, conc: of holes = conc. oF em B hepa Mm “he genexation of — free ERP genesation « Reb SF EHP genenatton = Gi e© aud holy fe Known a Free © har come ce pecarte of wshitch they mane in the onduction bang 08 loose some +me and 4 t eneygs and ee dvep fo a byoken hole away " tts Oxtain , this pron fs called EHP yecombinatton + Robt ck EHP vecombinatfon = ¥ i Unde equditoxtum condition In an fntxinsic Sc, the EHP genesis fe oy thermalg Qenesaid = cre bonds by thermad agitation - Vostious, > allo Koowy dug to the brealeeg & qeneatio and __xecombinafon _ puocemen : © Photogenesadion == Radiative Recombinatfon , ® Impact tontsation == Auger Al O©Phenen generation =F Recombinadfon uafrg phenen Conduction fn tkinstc se when temp freseaity | EHP genesattid and see © and hele take past in conductfon . user teup sises , more EHP one atrevated ashfch == meang thew oS(l be move conductfon. AS & yecule, conducdtuity neveaner and rectettutty —gecreanes eet Se chun, $c has negactfoe temp. coettfifens a yerfetamor. 4 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerSi_fs move prefered because : Ost fs tantly available fn natute - @® on Hs suvfau 6 gf eantiy terme protective lager F S10, Towubetor ond Tk eastly proceed. udich fs og qred © Ge valeur & wht uchfdh OU abe leale ™yelee — Cmafh amount = enemy te OY Hence, Huis make tecape Ge unstable at Higher temp. for St, Eg = el2 ev for Gre, 3, = OF | @ scanned with OKEN ScannerBaie Electronics, | Gaistnst Seuicenductoy = ta tndotnd, pst HMA. seritconducfoy 29, 1 Soup suHoble fmm of SOPINY agtut Fs added = fn entyeunrl sae al aweunt Cabout ¢ pavt ta @®) cals ase enti, Ceufcauducsy, the prom & addiu fupurtires fle tet eping iotstnsFe cemmk@uductos 7s eotled le @ tupusitfes teat are added the ern sf to Epes + @® tsivalstt = 6,ALiGa. ® Pentavednet > PAs ob ara called departs . “Tivaleuk atoms ase cailad accep toy tome od accepts Ou Ft pure seratroud . Fertavelout fom, axe codhod douns edeus A dou eter oun to pas se - t De peudiy on the type of dopant co ertyfche $e con be eB clanifeed an P-type aud n-type se Ptype existe sc . ota 4fFuulout fempurity fe added to futyPuse Se, foo p-type extifustc ge. is created - . Mafertty coosfeyy cae des ead wduortty cas sfey.g aHQ gre (esta} Aaa nw. of & tele tlectreus , @ scanned with OKEN Scannern-type Cs se. fo exeobed @& & : (at) ( O4 ti Vota cy “y= acceptor tryed. / . —e & - ((/ Ca Wipe ee eV cack borer akow coutytbytes ouly oe Ce aw 4 ha pul 2 valance o oun tt Fou, % valeroe Joa ott 4 ch touts as vesurt our bole ie oseated edo — acceptos Paapusits To addled = to ntatinsig co, au abRorsorbfe des discgedh eee (evel Ts ge produced wel Ty db at bolle the yodauu — beard vow ay, n-fype iwpurieg «veal covtiers centliusie | ge into pase se. caresTeXe cut onto bolts. mp accep toy (eved , by adllag —peaeaba electrous and ean @ scanned with OKEN ScannerE ym dows (evel. focus covedent boud wt otour b , each! auttuaovy ae oe ae uy sh akon - dae ete put of ¢ volte © ok loos ely bound wot cp oto velottvedy tee to wove in O-tpe se ost e é. a added to & lee , n rere nt tuctsoduced hth (ew s a at dictouce bedow tHe fo vee ck ve cud a rar touductton — betud busy 0 — LOuOr ag 7 dee : ' ton Reto ts n=no & & p> Mo oF Avles ny = frbinste eater coucenttatra CG, ada couctaut |p = af vraey thera eqsilth, Hea product con F pee © gud tele eS totstaut aed FIs indepeudawt — of dope umtourd = sf owe aud ti veletfou te called acceptor Lau posta dept « Mas Action Laud, It Ts qe by | @ scanned with OKEN Scannereset oo. te Ey > (ed - ; / : ve EK plot of é Divect Gaudgap ce. seomicoudiuctox eX GaAs | ek, 1 ' A ve, El ple xt tndigect Bemdgap Seuseouductor xo axe Shy he eunty @ scanned with OKEN Scanners, fret baudaap So 5 a fu addin He max B direct pandgap sc fe a OW one f euegy loved of tla valovier baud alfgns us i level ofa: tl couductioy bud ag minfuawr euery tect Wouter free , tay tiave seu LOM aa can hevefore @ohan © from touductiou baud , divect teeombfue with to rote ba Volleret baud. ‘4 ‘teltoatuy a photou weSbetr bor tte eget eantgy ag he differen MEG (Eq) blo cb and Nb. Lo wete wourudcun & & aww couctant- ; ; pivect baudgap watered, wo ured fox walstg phe Souners (Bee LED ey Ga/'s ludiveck paudgap be ea It & He om fy wtf Hag Max. eHeNY . vols bod a uot abaued «wits tte tn, nth (eed of ch wrt ot | jee, 4 tase diffe week , So He € cannot —reenubtur deeotty with «hole fat by wheatlg a pluotow on women 94 difhout cfs | Hashers an Srtermedfate level Rew jo recomblustfon tentty by veleare of phonon , In thfs semfeuduotos tecoubfusetfon proce vet h release of euetgg a4 hen. ex, S45 Ce S| @ scanned with OKEN Scanner¥ ‘+ ——eeow te aot cued» optt fox salty optfeat . souseed " rt tp caboudety ty cents ou _ ' peoserwset ess sreqprtved cxsee_ (OM a twee eulte Cantey concerts cetton ote: ptettbution function © Fesuai- Ofvore © oewstty statin © terwt=pisac piebtbutiow. fauction sah a foput-divat Soa fews fewtore 4(6 Jow_ Ve aoe aia probablléty ied aM awatlable HYG stall E wit be oecupted b ani & at absoldr temp 7 ; #(€) Les &= poltaua's 6) = a oust a t+ ce) fess (ever potteman'S conta 2 ge2nto™ ells > Bugg to The, vole, Ce lec > absobile cterip fae glee s(O doeaut+ qe pa up © energy tevel but ge te paobabirtey . GSEREGP Fesud (evel. —_—— te <€ Fe GG, (be, oF Aesyd level) 24 2 faa, COE | t(E-)5 tee @ scanned with OKEN Scannereee at Fesuif~leved — os a pehabry, My aw . eHetyy Gate at Fes le _ Prevent ck badf of betuy oceupled bg an € Variation &. fesud-luet__wrtt_teusp Ar T= Ol Cosel ELE, | F(€) -=_41 1-8, I+ eSB = xe CON? E> 65 (6) = 1 =O Ute? Het of {20K , for ECE, 1 F(E)=! Oud for wre, , FCe)>0 sce wens oll entry . chads below Ee ane Tanapletel oecupfed by © aud ald eueryey above Ce ow complesety empty pt T>ok cut! 1 Ex<&p oe 1 #@) = et eH Theme Ca eed @ scanned with OKEN Scanner(6) = xfeT te fe feteownee tach 7 > tw, fle) > eg go, tte FF Heuct | GED a ny & vs oes b ts qt fu tte Cb ts Jfven cbtou —eoucoretvertt ou ce -fotae ell? b; ° ue foe (Ponce & fe) = Sime Otsac probabt el euteflow . a jue ie effective deuctly of — ralin Fn condutefiae Sein ped gee ye g Huth Nee 2 (Bm ir) ye @ scanned with OKEN Scanner