PROBABILITY
(After the list of questions, the solution will Start.)
OBJECTIVE TYPE
Question No: 1
If and are two events such that and , then
equals to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 2
It is given that the crents and arc such that and .
Then is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 3
Let and , then :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these
Question No: 4
Two events and are said to be independent, if
(a) and are mutually exclusive
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 5
If and are two events and , then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 6
A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are drawn at random without replacement, then the
probability of getting exactly one red ball is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 7
A bag contains 5 white, 7 red and 8 black balls. If four balls are drawn one by one without
replacement, what is the probability that all are white
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these
Question No: 8
In a college, students fail in physics, fail in Mathematics and fail in both. One student
is chosen at random. The probability that she fails in Physics, if she has failed in mathematics, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 9
Seven chits are numbered to 1 to 7 . Three are drawn one by one with replacement. The probability
that the least number on any selected chit is 5 , is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these
Question No: 10
Which one is not a requirement of a binomial distribution?
(a) There are 2 outcomes for each trial
(b) There is a fixed number of trials
(c) The outcomes must be dependent on each other
(d) The probability of success must be the same for all the trial
Question No: 11
Urn contains 6 red and 4 black balls and urn contains 4 red and 6 black balls. One ball is drawn
at random from urn and placed in urn . Then one ball is drawn at random from urn and
placed in urn . If one ball is now drawn at random from , the probability that it is found to be
red, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these
Question No: 12
An unbiased die is tossed until a number greater than 4 appears. The probability that an even
number of tosses is needed is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 13
If and are two events such that and , then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 14
Two events and are independent. If , , then
equals
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 15
If two events are independent, then
(a) they must be mutually exclusive
(b) the sum of their probabilities must be equal to 1
(c) Both (a) and (b) are correct
(d) None of the above is correct
Question No: 16
Let three fair coins be tossed. Let all heads or all tails atleast two heads , and
atmost two tails . Which of the following events are independent?
(a) and
(b) and
(c) and
(d) None of these
Question No: 17
Each of and can take values 1 or 2 with equal probability. The probability that the equation
has real roots, is equal to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 18
Probability that A speaks truth is A coin is tossed. A reports that a head appears. The
probability that actually there was head is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 19
and are two independent witnesses (i.e. there is no collision between them) in a case. The
probability that will speak the truth is and the probability that will speak the truth is y. A and
B agree in a certain statement. The probability that the statement is true is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 20
Let be three mutually independent events. Consider the two statements and
and are independent and are independent Then
(a) Both and are true
(b) Only is true
(c) Only is true
(d) Neither nor is true
Question No: 21
If and , then is equal to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 22
From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn one by one without replacement. The probability that
first drawn card is a king and second is a queen, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 23
A student appears for tests I, II and III. The student is successful if he passes either in tests I and II
or tests I and IV. The probabilities of the student passing in tests I, II, III are and respectively.
The probability that the student is successful is then the relation between and is given by
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) none of these.
Question No: 24
A flashlight has 8 batteries out of which 3 are dead. If two batteries are selected without
replacement and tested, then probability that both are dead is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 25
For any two independent events and is equal to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these
Question No: 26
Three persons, and , fire at a target in turn, starting with A. Their probability of hitting the
target are and respectively. The probability of two hits is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 27
A box contains 3 orange balls, 3 green balls and 2 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from
the box without replacement. The probability of drawing 2 green balls and one blue ball is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 28
If and are two independent events with and , then equals to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 29
If and are independent events, then which of the following is not true?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these
Question No: 30
and are two students. Their chances of sloving a problem correctly are and , respectively. If
the probability of their making a common error is, and they obtain the same answer, then the
probability of their answer to be correct is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 31
If eight coins are tossed together, then the probability of getting exactly 3 heads is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 32
If and are two events such that and , then
equals to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 33
If and , then equals to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 34
If , then is equal to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 35
If two cards are drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards with replacement, then the
probability that both cards are queens, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 36
The reliability of a COVID PCR test is specified as follows: Of people having COVID, of the test
detects the disease but goes undetected. Of people free of COVID, of the test is judged
COVID negative but are diagnosed as showing COVID positive. From a large population of which
only have COVID, one person is selected at random, given the COVID PCR test, and the
pathologist reports him/her as COVID positive.
Based on the above information, answer the following
What is the probability of the 'person to be tested as COVID positive' given that 'he is actually having
COVID?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
What is the probability of the 'person to be tested as COVID positive' given that 'he is actually not
having
COVID'?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
What is the probability that the person is actually not having COVID?
(a)
(b)
(c) (d)
What is the probability that the 'person is actually having COVID given that 'he is tested as COVID
positive'?
(a)
What is the probability that the 'person selected will be diagnosed as COVID positive"?
(a)
(b)
(c) 0.0189
(d)
a)a,a,b,c,b b)d,a,b,c,b c)d,a,a,c,b d)d,a,b,c,a
Question No: 37
The chances to fail in Physics are and the chances to fail in Mathematics are . What are
the chances to fail in at least one subject?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 38
Two dice are thrown. If it is known that the sum of the numbers on the dice is less than 6, the
probability of getting a sum 3 is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 39
If two events and are such that and , then
is equal to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these
Question No: 40
If and , then equals to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 41
There are letters and addressed envelopes, the probability that all the letters are not kept in the
right envelope, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these
Question No: 42
If two events and are such that and then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 43
The event is independent of itself if and only if
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 0,1
(d) None of these
Question No: 44
The mean of the numbers obtained on throwing a die having written 1 on three faces, 2 on two faces
and 5 on one face is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 5
(d)
Question No: 45
and are events such that then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 46
Assume that in a family, each child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. A family with three children
is chosen at random. The probability that the eldest child is a girl given that the family has atleast
one girl is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 47
The probability of happening an event A in one trial is . The probability that the event A happens
at least once in three independent trials is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 48
If from each of the three boxes contanining 3 white and 1 black, 2 white and 2 black, 1 white and 3
balck balls, one ball is drawn at random, then the probability that 2 white and 1 black balls will be
drawn is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 49
It is given that the events and are such that and .
Then is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 50
If and be two events such that and , then
is equal to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 51
If two events and are such that and , then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 52
A coin is tossed and a die is rolled. The probability that the coin shows the head and the die shows 6
is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) 1
Question No: 53
Two coins are available, one fair and the other two headed. Choose a coin and toss if once assume
that the unbiased coin is chosen with probability . Given that the outcome is head, the probability
that the two-headed coin was chosen is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 54
A bag contains 3 black and 4 white balls. Two balls are drawn one by one at random without
replacement. The probability that the second drawn ball is white, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 55
Bag A contains 4 green and 3 red balls and Bag B contains 4 red and 3 green balls. One bag is taken
at random and a ball is noted it is green. The probability that it comes from Bag B is -
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 56
A bag contains 19 tickets numbered from 1 to 19. A ticket is drawn and then another ticket is drawn
without replacement. The probability that both the tickets will show even number, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 57
A bag contains 3 white, 3 black and 2 red balls. One by one three balls are drawn without replacing
them. The probability that the third ball is red, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 58
If a dice is thrown twice, then the probability of getting 1 in the first throw only is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 59
If the probability that a person is not a swimmer is , then the probability that out of 5 persons 4
are swimmers is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 60
Refer to question 19 above. If the probability that exactly two of the three balls were red, then the
first ball being red, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 61
If and are events such that and , then
equals to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 62
If and , then is equal to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 63
If and are two events such that and , then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 64
An unbiased die with faces marked and 6 is rolled four times. Out of four face values
obtained, the porbability that the minimum face value is not less than 2 and not greater than 5 , is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 65
If and are two events such that and , then which of the following is correct:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these
Question No: 66
If and are events such that then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 67
Girl students constitute of I year and of II year at Roorkee Iniversity. During summer
holidays of the I year and of II year students are given a project. The girls take turns on
duty in canteen. The chance that I year girl student is on duty in a randomly selected day is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Question No: 68
If and , then is equal to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) 1
Question No: 69
A letter is known to have come either from LONDON or CLIFTON; on the postmark only the two
consecutive letters ON are legible. The probability that it came from LONDON is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Assertion-Reason Question
Question No: 70
Let and be two independent events and denote the event that exactly one of takes
place.
Assertion:
Reason:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If the Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.
Question No: 71
Let for two events and and
Assertion : The probability that exactly one of the events and occurs is .
Reason :
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If the Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.
Question No: 72
Assertion : For a binomial distribution ,
Mean Variance
Reason: Probability is less than or equal to 1
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If the Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.
Question No: 73
Let and be two events associated with an experiment such that
Assertion : and
Reason :
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If the Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
Question No: 74
A coach is training 3 players. Ile observes that the player A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots, player
B can hit 3 times in 4 shots and the player can hit 2 times in 3 shots
From this situation answer the following:
Let the target is hit by A, B: the target is hit by B and, C: the target is hit by and . Then, the
probability that and, C all will hit, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Referring to (i), what is the probability that B, C will hit and will lose?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
With reference to the events mentioned in (i), what is the probability that 'any two of and
will hit?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
What is the probability that 'none of them will hit the target'?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
What is the probability that at least one of or will hit the target?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
a)c,a,d,b,a b)c,a,d,c,a c)c,a,c,b,a d)c,a,d,b,b
Question No: 75
In answering a question on a multiple choice test for class XII, a student either knows the answer or
guesses. Let be the probability that he knows the answer and be the probability that he
guesses. Assume that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability . Let
be the events that the student knows the answer, guesses the answer and answers
correctly respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the following
What is the value of ?
(a)
(b)
(c) 1
(d)
Value of is
(a)
(b) 1
(c)
(d) 415
Equals
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) 1
Value of
(a)
(b)
(c) 1
(d)
What is the probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
a)a,b,a,c,c b)d,a,a,c,c c)d,b,a,a,c d)d,b,a,c,c
PROBABILITY
Answer Key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
c b d b b c a b
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
c c a b c c d c
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
b a d a d c a d
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
a b a d c d b c
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
d d a b a c c a
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
b d c b d d b a
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
b d a b b c c d
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
d c a b d d c a
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
c d b d b b d a
73 74 75
c a d
SOLUTIONS
Question No: 1
(c)
Question No: 2
(b) By conditional probability,
Question No: 3
(d) None of these
Question No: 4
(b) and
Question No: 5
(b)
Question No: 6
(c) Since, probability of getting exactly one red ball
Question No: 7
(a)
Question No: 8
(b) Let A: the student fails in Physics and : The student fails in Mathematics.
and
Now,
Question No: 9
(c) or 6 or 7 in one draw
probability that in each of 3 draws, the chits bear
5 or 6 or
Question No: 10
(c) For a Binomial distribution, outcomes at different trials must be independent.
Question No: 11
(a) The requied probability
Question No: 12
(b)
Question No: 13
(c)
Question No: 14
(c)
Question No: 15
(d) If two events and are independent, then where
So, . Therefore, and cannot be mutually exclusive.
Also, .
Question No: 16
(c)
and are dependent.
Question No: 17
(b) has real roots for So a has to be 1 and has to be 2
So probability
Question No: 18
(a) By Bayes' theorem
Probability that the report of that head occurs, is actually a head
Question No: 19
(d) A and B will agree in a certain statement if both speak truth or both tell a lie. We define following
events
and both speak truth
and both tell a lie
and agree in a certain statement
Clearly, and
The required probability is . Using Baye's theorem
Question No: 20
(a) Both and are true
Question No: 21
(d) and
As,
Hence,
Question No: 22
(c) Required probability
Question No: 23
(a)
Question No: 24
(d) Since, required probability
Question No: 25
(a) Let and be two independent events.
Now, and
Therefore,
Question No: 26
(b) Required probahility
Question No: 27
(a) Since, probability of drawing two green balls and one blue ball
Question No: 28
(d)
Question No: 29
(c) When and are independent events then
and
But, in general i.e., .
Question No: 30
(d)
Question No: 31
(b) Since, required probability
Question No: 32
(c)
Question No: 33
(d) Since,
Hence,
Question No: 34
(d) Since,
Question No: 35
(a) Since required probability
Question No: 36
(d) Probability that the person tested as COVID +ive given that he/she is actually
having COVID
(a) Probability that the person tested as COVID +ive given that he/she is actually
having COVID
(b) Person is actually not having COVID,
(c)
(b) Person selected will be diagnosed as COVID positive
Question No: 37
(a) Let
Since, event are independent
.
Question No: 38
(c) Required probability
Question No: 39
(c)
Question No: 40
(a) Since, and
Hence,
Question No: 41
(b) Probability of all the letters kept in the right envelope is Total letters i.e.,
We know, if is the term used for the probability of the letters which are not kept in the right
envelope.
Then .
Question No: 42
(d)
Question No: 43
(c) 0,1
Question No: 44
(b) Mean .
Question No: 45
(d)
Question No: 46
(d)
Question No: 47
(b)
Question No: 48
(a)
Question No: 49
(b)
Question No: 50
(d)
Hence,
Question No: 51
(a)
Question No: 52
(b) Required probability
Question No: 53
(b)
Fair coin, Two headed, Head occurs
Using Baye's theorem
Question No: 54
(c)
Question No: 55
(c)
Question No: 56
(d)
Question No: 57
(d)
Question No: 58
(c)
Question No: 59
(a) (person is swimmer)
So, required probability
Question No: 60
(b)
Question No: 61
(d)
Question No: 62
(d)
Question No: 63
(c)
Question No: 64
(a) Let getting not less than 2 and not greater than 5
but die is rolled four times, therefore the probability in getting
four throws
Question No: 65
(c) and
Question No: 66
(d)
Question No: 67
(b) The desired probability
Question No: 68
(d)
Question No: 69
(b) We define the following events:
: Selecting a pair of consecutive letter from the word LONDON.
: Selecting a pair of consecutive letters from the word CLIFTON
: Selecting a pair of letters ' '.
Then as there are 5 pairs of consecutive letters out of which 2 are .
as there are 6 pairs of consecutive letters of which one is .
the required probability is
Question No: 70
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
Question No: 71
(d) If the Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.
Question No: 72
(a) Mean and Variance
Question No: 73
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Question No: 74
(c)
(a) Let
(d) Any two of and
(b) None of them hit the target
(a) Atleast any one of
Question No: 75
(d) is an event that the student knows the answer
(b) (Answer will be correct when student knows the answer
(a)
(c)
(c)