lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Unit 2 FRQ Practice - Scoring Guide

Managerial Economics (University of Pennsylvania)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

AP PHYSICS 1 Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

1. Show all your work for each part of the question. The parts within the question may not have equal weight.

A sphere of mass is attached to a string of length ⯑ . The sphere swings in a horizontal circle with a constant
speed, as shown in Figure . The string makes an angle with the vertical.

(a)

i. On the following dot, which represents the sphere, draw, and label the forces that act on the sphere when the
sphere is at the position shown in Figure . Each force must be represented by a distinct arrow starting on, and
pointing away from, the dot. Draw the relative lengths of the vectors to reflect the relative magnitudes of the
forces exerted on the sphere for any relative values known.

AP Physics 1 Page 1 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

ii. Starting with Newton’s second law, derive an expression for the speed of the sphere. Express your answer
in terms of , ⯑ , , and physical constants, as appropriate. Begin your derivation by writing a fundamental
physics principle or an equation from the reference booklet.

(b) A student claims that if the sphere is swung ball fast enough, the string will be perfectly horizontal. Indicate
whether this claim is correct or incorrect and justify your answer.

Part A

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

The response accurately includes all the following criteria

1 point is earned for drawing a downward arrow labeled as the gravitational force.
1 point is earned for a drawing an arrow that points along the direction of the string labeled as the tension
force.
Example Response

Page 2 of 19 AP Physics 1
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

Scoring Note: Examples of appropriate labels for the force due to gravity include , , , “grav
force,” “ Earth on sphere,” “ on sphere by Earth,” , , . The
labels or are not appropriate labels for the force due to gravity.
Scoring Note: Examples of appropriate labels for the tension force include , , , Force from string.
1 point is earned for a multi-step derivation starting with Newton’s second law.
1 point is earned for attempting to find the components of the force of tension.
Scoring Note: The trigonometry does not have to be correct to earn this point.
1 point is earned for the substitution of for the acceleration in the horizontal direction.
1 point is earned for ONE of the following:

◦ Solving two Newton’s Laws equations for tension and setting them equal to each other

◦ Solving one Newton’s Law equation for tension and substituting that expression into a second
Newton’s law equation

1 point is earned for a correct expression for the speed of the ball in terms of given variables.
Example Response:

AP Physics 1 Page 3 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

Part B

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2 3

The response accurately includes all the following criteria.

1 point is earned for indicating that this claim is incorrect with an attempt at a relevant justification.
1 point is earned for indicating that this claim is incorrect with an attempt at a relevant justification.
1 point is earned for indicating that there must be a vertical component of the tension to balance out the
gravitational force.

Example Response

The students claim is incorrect. There is always a force of gravity exerted on the board, this means that in order for the
ball to be in equilibrium in the vertical direction there must always be a component of the force of tension balancing the
force of gravity. This means that the string can never be horizontal.

Page 4 of 19 AP Physics 1
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

2. Show all your work for each part of the question. The parts within the question may not have equal weight.

A sled of mass slides down a rough ramp with a constant speed . The angle between the ramp and the
horizontal is , as shown in Figure . The ramp smoothly transitions to a horizontal surface. The coefficients of
static and kinetic friction between the sled and the ramp are and , respectively. The ramp and the horizontal
surface are made of identical materials.

(a) The dot in Figure represents the sled when the sled is sliding down the ramp at a constant speed. Draw and
label arrows that represent the forces (not components) that are exerted on the sled. Each force in your free-body
diagram must be represented by a distinct arrow starting on, and pointing away from the dot.

(b)

i. Starting with Newton’s second law, derive an expression for the force of friction exerted on the sled.
Express your answer in terms of , , , , and physical constants, as appropriate.

ii. Derive an expression for the coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and the ramp. Express your
answer in terms of , , , , and physical constants, as appropriate.

AP Physics 1 Page 5 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

From time to the sled slides down the ramp at a constant speed. At the sled reaches the
bottom of the ramp and from to the sled continues to slide on the horizontal surface, as shown in
Figure . The sled comes to rest sometime after .

(c) On the axes shown in Figure , sketch a graph of the speed of the sled as a function of time from to
.

(d) Indicate how the shape of the graph between and , sketched in part (c) would change, if at all, if
the angle of the ramp were increased. Justify your claim.

Part A

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2 3

The response accurately includes all the following criteria.

Page 6 of 19 AP Physics 1
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

1 point is earned for drawing a downward arrow labeled as the gravitational force.
1 point is earned for drawing an arrow pointing up and to the right labeled as the normal force.
1 point is earned for drawing an arrow pointing up and to the left along the dotted line representing the
surface labeled as the frictional force.

Example Response

Scoring Note: Examples of appropriate labels for the force due to gravity include , , , “grav force,” Earth
on sled,” “ on sled by Earth,” , , . The labels or are not appropriate labels for
the force due to gravity.

Scoring Note: Examples of appropriate labels for the friction force include , , , Force from friction. Examples of
appropriate labels for the normal force include , , , .

Part B

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2 3 4

The response accurately includes all the following criteria.

1 point is earned for a multistep derivation that starts with Newton’s second law

1 point is earned for setting the Normal force equal to a component of the force of gravity
Scoring Note: the trigonometric relation does not have to be correct to earn this point.
Example Response:

1 point is earned for including a component of the force of gravity with the force of friction in a
Newton’s second law equation.

AP Physics 1 Page 7 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

Scoring Note: the trigonometric relation does not have to be correct to earn this point.
Example Response:

1 point is earned for a correct expression for the coefficient of kinetic friction.

Example Response

Part C

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2 3

The response accurately includes all the following criteria.

1 point is earned for a straight, horizontal line, with -intercept of between and .
1 point is earned for a line or curve that shows decreasing speed from between and .
1 point is earned for a line with a negative slope between and .

Example Response

Page 8 of 19 AP Physics 1
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

Part D

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2

The response accurately includes both of the following criteria.

1 point is earned for indicating that the sketch would no longer be horizontal.
1 point is earned for a justification that includes that the object will now be accelerating with ONE of the
following:

◦ That a larger angle means a larger component of the gravitational force

◦ A larger angle means a smaller normal or frictional force

AP Physics 1 Page 9 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

3. Show all your work for each part of the question. The parts within the question may not have equal weight.

A group of students is asked to take measurements to create a graph that can be used to determine the mass of
a block. The students have a set of springs that are attached at one end to the ceiling. Each spring has a different,
known spring constant and a loop to which the block can be attached. The students are also given a meterstick but
do not have a scale or a balance.

(a) Describe a procedure for collecting data that can be graphed to determine . Include steps necessary to
reduce experimental uncertainty.

(b) Describe how the data collected in part (a) could be graphed, and how that graph would be analyzed to
determine .

Page 10 of 19 AP Physics 1
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

Another group of students is given an identical set of springs with known spring constants which can be attached
to a wall. The springs can also be attached at the other end to a block of known mass . The students
attach the block to one of the springs as shown in Figure and pull the block to the right. The students record the
maximum stretch of the spring before the force of friction is no longer able to keep the block at rest when the box
is released. The students replace the spring and repeat the experiment. The following table shows the data
collected by the students.

Spring Constant Max Stretch from Equilibrium

The students correctly determine that the relationship between spring constant of the spring and the maximum
stretch of the spring , is given by , where is the coefficient of static friction between the block
and the surface. The students create a graph with plotted on the vertical axis.

(c)

i. Indicate which measured or calculated quantity could be plotted on the horizontal axis to yield a linear graph
whose slope can be used to calculate an experimental value coefficient of static friction between the block
and the surface. You may use the remaining columns in the table, as needed, to record any quantities
(including units) that are not already in the table.

Vertical:_____ _____ Horizontal:__________

AP Physics 1 Page 11 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

ii. On the grid shown in Figure , plot the data points for the quantities indicated in part (c)(i) that can be used
to determine . Scale the graph as appropriate. Clearly label the horizontal axis, including units.

iii. Draw a best–fit line for the data graphed in part (c)(ii).

(d) Calculate an experimental value for using the best-fit line you drew in Figure in part (c)(iii).

Part A

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2

The response accurately includes both of the following criteria.

1 point is earned for describing a procedure that indicates one of the following as a reasonable method of
reducing experimental uncertainty

Page 12 of 19 AP Physics 1
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

◦ Complete multiple trials using different springs

◦ Repeat measurements for a trial of a single sprin

1 point is earned for describing a procedure that includes measurements that can be used to determine the
mass of the box that can be made with a meterstick and known spring constants (i.e., spring stretch to
equilibrium.)

Example Response

Attach the block of unknown mass to one of the springs – measure the change in the length of the spring from the spring’s
original length to the length when the block-spring system comes to equilibrium. Repeat this measurement. Repeat this for
multiple springs to reduce uncertainty.

Part B

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2

The response accurately includes both of the following criteria.

1 point is earned describing an analysis that involves a graph that could be used to determine the mass of
the block.
1 point is earned for a statement that includes the correct analysis of the graph that would lead to the
mass of the block.

Example Response

Students should graph the stretch of the spring from its relaxed length to max stretch as a function of one over the spring
constant. The slope of the line of best-fit to that data should be equal to the weight of the block.

Part C

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2 3 4

The response accurately includes all of the following criteria.

1 point is earned for listing a quantity that could be plotted on the horizontal axis to produce a linear
graph whose slope can be used to determine coefficient of static friction between the block and the
surface.

AP Physics 1 Page 13 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

Accept ONE of the following:

◦ .

1 point is earned for labeling the horizontal axis correctly (or consistent with quantities indicated in part
(c)(i)) (including units) with a linear scale.
1 point is earned for a correctly plotting data points consistent with quantities indicated in part (c)(i).
1 point is earned for drawing an appropriate straight best–fit line that approximates the trend of the data.

Example Response

Horizontal Axis: Vertical Axis:

Page 14 of 19 AP Physics 1
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

Scoring Note: The circled points are used for the slope calculation in part (d). It is not necessary to indicate them here to
earn credit in part (c).

Part D

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2

The response accurately includes both of the following criteria.

1 point is earned for correctly relating the slope of the best-fit line to the value of .
1 point is earned for a value of within a range of to .

Example Response

The slope of the line of best fit of my graphed data is equal to

AP Physics 1 Page 15 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

So

Page 16 of 19 AP Physics 1
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

4. Show all your work for each part of the question. The parts within the question may not have equal weight.

A ball of mass is attached to a string of length . The ball moves clockwise in a vertical circle at a constant
speed , as shown in Figure . When the ball is at Point , the magnitude of the tension in the string is .

(a) The speed of the ball is then increased to speed such that . The ball is again swung so that it moves
in a vertical circle at constant speed. Now when the ball is at Point , the magnitude of the tension in the string is
. Indicate whether is greater than, less than, or equal to .

__________ __________ __________

Justify your answer using qualitative reasoning beyond referencing equations.

(b) Starting with Newton’s second law, derive an expression for the tension in the string as the ball moves in
a vertical circle at a constant speed . Express your answer in terms of , , , and physical constants, as
appropriate. Begin your derivation by writing a fundamental physics principle or an equation from the reference
booklet.

(c) Justify how the expression to derived for you derived in part (b) is or is not consistent with the claim
made in part (a).

Part A

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

AP Physics 1 Page 17 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

0 1 2 3

The response accurately includes all the following criteria.

1 point is earned for selecting “ ” with an attempt at a relevant justification.

Example Response

When the ball goes faster, the net force to keep the ball in a circle has to increase. Because the weight of the ball doesn’t
change, if the net force increases, it has to come from an increase in the tension.

Part B

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2 3

The response accurately includes all the following criteria.

1 point is earned for a multi-step derivation starting with Newton’s second law
1 point is earned for substitution of one of the following:

◦ Both the force of tension and the weight in Newton’s second law

◦ Substituting for

1 point is earned for a correct expression for the force of tension .

Example Response

Page 18 of 19 AP Physics 1
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|43027684

Scoring Guide

Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ

Part C

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2

The response accurately includes both the following criteria.

1 point is earned for attempting to address the functional dependence between the speed of the ball
and the tension in the string.
Scoring Note: It is not necessary to use the functional dependence correctly to earn the first point.
1 point is earned for correctly using functional dependence to evaluate the relationship between the speed
of the ball and the tension in the string, consistent with the reasoning in part (a) and the derivation in
part (b).

Example Response

My reasoning in part (a) indicated that if the speed of the ball increases, then the tension increases. In the equation I
derived in part (b) the tension in the string is related to the speed of the ball squared, so when the speed of the ball
increases, the tension also increases.

AP Physics 1 Page 19 of 19
Downloaded by Dagmawi Navshe (navsheda@[Link])