CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTEPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets the data collected to determine the

relationship between training duration and blood collection skill proficiency among third-year

Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology (BSMT) students of DMC College Foundation, Inc.

The data are presented according to the indicators outlined in the Statement of the Problem.

The rating scale used in evaluating the respondents’ performance was as follows:

Patient Identification and Preparation

Table. 1 Performance of Respondents in Patient Identification and Preparation

and preparation during blood collection procedures. The overall mean score of 1.88 indicates

that the respondents satisfactorily performed the required procedures.

The findings suggest that most of the respondents consistently followed the correct

procedures for verifying patient identity, preparing materials, and observing safety measures

before performing venipuncture. These practices are essential components of proper

phlebotomy as they ensure patient safety and minimize the risk of medical errors.

Proper patient identification is considered one of the most critical steps in laboratory

procedures because it prevents specimen misidentification and diagnostic errors. According to

the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, correct patient identification must always be

performed prior to specimen collection to ensure accurate laboratory results and patient safety

(CLSI, 2017).

The high performance in this category indicates that the respondents demonstrated

competence in preparing patients and maintaining proper procedural standards. This result

implies that the respondents were adequately trained in the preliminary steps of phlebotomy

procedures, which aligns with established laboratory practice guidelines.

Proper Application of Tourniquet and Vein Selection

Table 2 Performance of Respondents in Tourniquet Application and Vein Selection

tourniquet and vein selection. The overall mean score of 1.80 indicates that the respondents

satisfactorily performed this aspect of the blood collection procedure.

The results show that the respondents were generally able to apply the tourniquet

properly and identify appropriate veins for venipuncture. Proper vein selection is crucial because

it ensures successful blood collection while minimizing patient discomfort and complications.

According to phlebotomy guidelines, the median cubital vein is usually the preferred site

for venipuncture because it is stable and less likely to move during the procedure (McCall &

Tankersley, 2020). Proper tourniquet application also plays a significant role in enhancing vein

visibility and accessibility, but it must not exceed one minute to avoid hemoconcentration and

inaccurate laboratory results.

The satisfactory performance of the respondents suggests that they were able to apply

the principles of proper vein selection and tourniquet application learned during their clinical

training.

Collection Technique and Equipment Handling

Table 3. Performance of Respondents in Collection Technique and Equipment Handling

and equipment handling. The overall mean score of 1.74 indicates that the respondents

satisfactorily performed the required procedures, although this category shows slightly lower

scores compared to the previous areas.

The results suggest that while the respondents were able to carry out the technical

aspects of blood collection, some procedures still require improvement, particularly in

maintaining consistent technique and handling equipment efficiently.

Proper collection technique is essential in preventing specimen contamination,

hemolysis, and inaccurate laboratory results. According to World Health Organization

guidelines, correct venipuncture technique and proper equipment handling are critical factors in

ensuring the reliability of laboratory test results (WHO, 2010).

The slightly lower mean score in this category may indicate that technical skills in

venipuncture require continued practice and supervision to achieve higher proficiency.

Sample Labeling and Post-Collection Procedures

Table 4. Performance of Respondents in Sample Labeling and Post-Collection

Procedures
 Table 4 presents the respondents’ performance in terms of sample labeling and post-

collection procedures. The overall mean score of 1.85 indicates that the respondents

satisfactorily performed this aspect of the blood collection process.

Proper specimen labeling is essential in laboratory practice because mislabeled

specimens may lead to incorrect diagnosis and treatment. According to laboratory standards,

specimen labeling must be done immediately after collection in the presence of the patient to

ensure accuracy (CLSI, 2017).

The satisfactory performance of the respondents in this category indicates that they

demonstrated awareness of the importance of accurate specimen identification and safe post-

collection practices.

Overall Performance of Respondents

Table 5. Overall Performance of Respondents in Blood Collection Procedures

Table 5 presents the overall performance of the respondents in blood collection

procedures. The overall mean score of 1.82 indicates that the respondents satisfactorily

performed the required phlebotomy procedures.

Among the four areas evaluated, patient identification and preparation obtained the

highest mean score, indicating strong compliance with patient safety protocols. Meanwhile,
collection technique and equipment handling obtained the lowest mean score, suggesting that

this area may require additional training and practice.

These findings imply that while the respondents generally demonstrate competence in

performing blood collection procedures, continuous training and clinical exposure are still

necessary to further improve their technical skills. As emphasized in phlebotomy standards,

consistent practice and adherence to established procedures are essential in ensuring accurate

laboratory results and maintaining patient safety (McCall & Tankersley, 2020).