ETHIO EXCELLENCE ACADEMY

ኢትዮ ኤክሰለንስ አካዳሚ

2024/2025 A.Y GRADE 8 H.P.E HAND OUT

- Long, long time ago, there were people used to play games that looked like football

today in some parts of the world.

- Modern history of football was started in 1863,

- 1863 FA (football association) quickly provided the first laws of football and the

sport of modern football (soccer) began.

- On the first Olympic 1896 in Athens did not include as a medal sport, but

demonstration match was played.

- 1904 Olympic football was included as an official sport and Canada won the first

gold medal.

- May 21, 1904 an international conference was held in Paris and founded FIFA

(federation international de football association)

- 1930 the first world cup competition organized by FIFA was held in Uruguay and

Uruguay won the first world cup.

- World football cup held every 4 years organized FIFA

- 1924 football was introduce in Ethiopia by foreigner who resided in Addis Ababa

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 - The communities were Americans, Indians, Greeks and Italians, they formed

community and held tournaments at ,Jan Hoy Meda.

- 1991 China host the first women world cup and America won the first world football

cup

- 1999 Nigeria and Ghana who participated the first time from Africa

Rules of football game

1 – The Field of Play

- Matches may be played on natural or artificial surfaces, according to the rules of the

competition.

- The color of artificial surfaces must be green.

- The field of play must be rectangular and marked with lines. These lines belong to

the areas of which they are boundaries.

- The two longer boundary lines are called touch lines. The two shorter lines are called

goal lines.

- The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line, which joins the

midpoints of the two touch lines.

- The center mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a

radius of 9.15 m is marked around it.

 Dimensions

 The length of the touch line must be greater than the length of the goal

line.

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  The Length (touch line): minimum 90 m-maximum 120 m

 The Width (goal line): minimum 45 m-maximum 90 m

 All lines must be of the same width, which must be not more than12 cm

(5 ins).

 International matches

 Length: minimum 100 m -maximum 110 m

 Width: minimum 64 m maximum 75 m

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2 – The Ball

The ball is:

• Spherical

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• made of leather or other suitable material

• Of a circumference of not more than 70 cm (28 ins) and not less than 68 cm (27 ins)

• Not more than 450 g and not less than 410 g in weight at the start of the match

3 – The Number of Players

 A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than eleven players, one

of whom is the goalkeeper.

 A match may not start if either team consists of fewer than seven players.

 Up to a maximum of three substitutes may be used in any match played in an official

competition organized under the auspices of FIFA, the confederations or the member

associations.

 The rules of the competition must state how many substitutes may be nominated,

from three up to a maximum of twelve.

 If the referee is not informed, or if no agreement is reached before the match, no

more than seven substitutes are allowed.

4 – The Players’ Equipment

 A player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous to himself or

another player (including any kind of jewelry).

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  Basic equipment

The basic compulsory equipment of a player comprises the following separate items:

 a jersey or shirt

 Shorts

 stockings

 shin guards

 footwear

 Shin guards

• are covered entirely by the stockings

• are made of rubber, plastic or a similar suitable material

• provide a reasonable degree of protection

 Colors

• The two teams must wear colors that distinguish them from each other

and also the referee and the assistant referees

• Each goalkeeper must wear colors that distinguish him from the other players, the

referee and the assistant referees

5 – The Referee

 Each match is controlled by a referee who has full authority to enforce the Laws of

the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed.

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Powers and duties

The Referee:

• enforces the Laws of the Game

• controls the match in cooperation with the assistant referees and, where applicable, with

the fourth official

• ensures that any ball used meets the requirements of Law 2

• ensures that the players’ equipment meets the requirements of Law 4

• acts as timekeeper and keeps a record of the match

• stops, suspends or abandons the match, at his discretion, for any infringements of the

Laws

6 – The Assistant Referees

 Duties

Two assistant referees may be appointed whose duties, subject to the decision of the

referee, are to indicate:

• when the whole of the ball leaves the field of play

• which team is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in

• when a player may be penalized for being in an offside position

• when a substitution is requested

• when misconduct or any other incident occurs out of the view of the referee

• when offences have been committed whenever the assistant referee shave a better

view than the referee (this includes, in certain circumstances, offences committed in

the penalty area)

kicked and if the ball crosses the line

7 – The Duration of the Match

 The match lasts two equal periods of 45 minutes, unless otherwise mutually agreed

between the referee and the two teams. Any agreement to alter the duration of the

periods of play (e.g. to reduce each half to 40 minutes because of insufficient light)

must be made before the start of play and must comply with competition rules.

 Players are entitled to an interval at half-time. The half-time interval must not exceed

15 minutes.

8 – The Start and Restart of Play

 Definition of kick-off

A kick-off is a way of starting or restarting play:

• at the start of the match

• after a goal has been scored

• at the start of the second half of the match

• at the start of each period of extra time, where applicable

 A goal may be scored directly from the kick-off.

Procedure

Before a kick-off at the start of the match or extra time

• a coin is tossed and the team that wins the toss decides which goal it will attack in the
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 first half of the match.

• The other team takes the kick-off to start the match.

• The team that wins the toss takes the kick-off to start the second half of the match.

• In the second half of the match, the teams change ends and attack the opposite goals.

9 – The Ball In and Out of Play

 Ball out of play

The ball is out of play when:

• it has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line whether on the ground or in the air

• play has been stopped by the referee

 Ball in play

The ball is in play at all other times, including when:

• it rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or corner flag post and remains in the field of

play

• it rebounds off either the referee or an assistant referee when they are on the field of

play

10 – The Method of Scoring

 Goal scored

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  A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between

the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no infringement of the

Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the

goal.

11 – Offside

 Offside position

- It is not an offence in itself to be in an offside position.

A player is in an offside position if:

• he is nearer to his opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the

second-last opponent

A player is not in an offside position if:

• he is in his own half of the field of play or

• he is level with the second-last opponent or

• he is level with the last two opponents

- Offence

A player in an offside position is only penalized if, at the moment the ball

touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the opinion of the referee,

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 involved in active play by:

• interfering with play or

• interfering with an opponent or

• gaining an advantage by being in that position

- No offence

There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from:

• a goal kick

• a throw-in

• a corner kick

12 – Fouls and Misconduct

 Direct free kick

- A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of

the following seven offences in a manner considered by the referee to be care

less, reckless or using excessive force:

• kicks or attempts to kick an opponent

• trips or attempts to trip an opponent

• jumps at an opponent

• charges an opponent

• strikes or attempts to strike an opponent

• pushes an opponent

• tackles an opponent

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 - A direct free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any

of the following three offences:

• holds an opponent

• spits at an opponent

• handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within his own

penalty area)

- Penalty kick

A penalty kick is awarded if any of the above ten offences is committed by a

player inside his own penalty area, irrespective of the position of the ball,

provided it is in play.

 Indirect free kick

- An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper, inside

his own penalty area, commits any of the following four offences:

• controls the ball with his hands for more than six seconds before releasing it

from his possession

• touches the ball again with his hands after he has released it from his

possession and before it has touched another player

• touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by

a team-mate

• touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-

in taken by a team-mate

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 - An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if, in the opinion of

the referee, a player:

• plays in a dangerous manner

• impedes the progress of an opponent

• prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands

• commits any other offence, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which

play is stopped to caution or send off a player

13 – Free Kicks

 Types of free kick

- Free kicks are either direct or indirect.

 The direct free kick Ball enters the goal

• if a direct free kick is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal is awarded

• if a direct free kick is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, a corner kick is

awarded to the opposing team

 The indirect free kick

Signal

 The referee indicates an indirect free kick by raising his arm above his head.

He maintains his arm in that position until the kick has been taken and the ball

has touched another player or goes out of play.

 Ball enters the goal

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 - A goal can be scored only if the ball subsequently touches another player

before it enters the goal:

• if an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal kick

is awarded

• if an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, a corner

kick is awarded to the opposing team

- Procedure

 For both direct and indirect free kicks, the ball must be stationary when the

kick is taken and the kicker must not touch the ball again until it has touched

another player.

14 – The Penalty Kick

- A penalty kick is awarded against a team that commits one of the ten offences for

which a direct free kick is awarded, inside its own penalty area and while the ball is

in play

15 – The Throw-in

 A throw-in is a method of restarting play.

 A throw-in is awarded to the opponents of the player who last touched the ball

when the whole of the ball crosses the touch line, either on the ground or in the

air.

A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in.

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16 – The Goal Kick

- A goal kick is a method of restarting play.

 A goal kick is awarded when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line,

either on the ground or in the air, having last touched a player of the attacking

team, and a goal is not scored in accordance with Law 10.

 A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the opposing

team

17 – The Corner Kick

- A corner kick is a method of restarting play.

 A corner kick is awarded when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line,

either on the ground or in the air, having last touched a player of the defending

team, and a goal is not scored in accordance with Law 10.

 A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick, but only against the

opposing team.

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