Experiment: Preparation of Detailed Estimate of Building (Long Wall –

Short Wall Method)

Aim:
Preparation of detailed estimate of a building using the long wall and short
wall method.

Requirements
 Given plan and section of the building
 Scale, pencil, eraser
 Calculator
 Estimation sheet

Procedure
1. Longer walls in a building are considered as long walls and measured
from out-to-out.
2. Shorter walls in a building are considered as short walls and measured
from in-to-in.
3. These lengths of long wall and short wall are multiplied separately by the
breadth and height of the corresponding layer and added to get the
quantity.
4. Find the length of long wall and short wall from the building plan.
5. First calculate centre-to-centre lengths individually from the plan.

Calculation
1. Length of Long Wall (parallel to X-axis)

Length of Long Wall=(C/C distance+ Width of item)

2. Length of Short Wall (parallel to Y-axis)

Length of Short Wall=(C/C distance−Width of item )

Example Data (Assumed)

 Centre to centre length (Long direction) = 6 m
 Centre to centre length (Short direction) = 4 m
 Wall thickness = 0.30 m
Long wall length
= 6 + 0.30
= 6.30 m
Short wall length
= 4 − 0.30
= 3.70 m
Number of long walls = 2
Number of short walls = 2

Sl. Length Breadth Height/Depth Quantity

Item of Work No.
No (m) (m) (m) (m³)

Excavation in 2
1 6.30 0.80 1.00 10.08
foundation (LW)

2
3.70 0.80 1.00 5.92
(SW)

2
2 PCC in foundation 6.30 0.80 0.10 1.01
(LW)

2
3.70 0.80 0.10 0.59
(SW)

Brick masonry in 2
3 6.30 0.30 0.60 2.27
foundation (LW)

2
3.70 0.30 0.60 1.33
(SW)

Precautions
1. All units of item of works must be correct.
2. Calculations should be done carefully to avoid errors.
Result
The total quantity of all items of work calculated using the long wall and
short wall method is obtained as per the above estimation table.
 Experiment 02

Experiment: Preparation of Detailed Estimate of Building (Centre Line

Method)
Aim
Preparation of detailed estimate of a building using the centre line method.

Requirements
 Given plan and section of the building
 Scale
 Pencil and eraser
 Calculator
 Estimation sheet
Procedure
1. In this method, the total length of walls is equal to the sum of centre
line length of long walls and short walls.
2. The total centre line length of the walls is calculated from the building
plan.
3. This total centre line length is multiplied by the breadth and height (or
depth) of the corresponding layer to obtain the quantity of that item of
work.
4. The quantities of different items such as excavation, PCC, brickwork,
plaster etc. are calculated separately.

Calculation (Example Data)

Assume a simple rectangular building:
 Centre line length of long wall = 6 m
 Number of long walls = 2
 Centre line length of short wall = 4 m
 Number of short walls = 2
Total centre line length

¿(2× 6)+(2 × 4)¿ 12+8¿ 20 m

Estimation Table
 Total Centre
Sl. Breadth Height/ Quantity
Item of Work Line Length
No (m) Depth (m) (m³)
(m)

Earthwork excavation
1 20 0.80 1.00 16.00
in foundation

2 PCC in foundation 20 0.80 0.10 1.60

Brick masonry in
3 20 0.30 0.60 3.60
foundation

Brick masonry in
4 20 0.30 3.00 18.00
superstructure

Precautions
1. All units of items of work should be correct.
2. Measurements and calculations should be done carefully to avoid
errors.

Result
The total quantity of all items of work is calculated using the centre line
method and recorded in the above estimation table.

Experiment 03
Experiment: Rate Analysis for Concrete Work
Aim
To determine the rate analysis for concrete work.

Requirements
 Given grade of concrete
 Rate of cement
 Rate of sand
 Rate of coarse aggregate
 Rate of labour
 Calculator and estimation sheet

Procedure
1. Find out the quantity of cement required.
2. Find out the quantity of sand required.
3. Find out the quantity of coarse aggregate required.
4. Calculate the cost of materials.
5. Add the labour cost to obtain the total rate of concrete work.

Calculation and Formula

1. 1 bag of cement = 0.0345 m³ = 50 kg
2. 1 m³ wet concrete = 1.54 m³ dry concrete
Concrete mix = 1 : 2 : 4
Total proportion

1+2+ 4=7
Dry volume of concrete
3
¿ 1.54 m

Quantity of Materials
Cement
 1 3
× 1.54=0.22 m
7
Number of bags

0.22/0.0345=6.38 ≈ 6.5 bags

Sand

2 3
× 1.54=0.44 m
7

Coarse Aggregate

4 3
×1.54=0.88 m
7

Rate Analysis Table

Sl. Quantit Rate Amount

Particulars
No y (Rs) (Rs)

420 /
1 Cement 6.5 bags 2730
bag

1200 /
2 Sand 0.44 m³ 528
m³

Coarse 1000 /
3 0.88 m³ 880
Aggregate m³

Labour Lump
4 — 800
charges sum

Total Cost 4938 Rs

Cost per m³ of Concrete

4950 Rs 3
Total Rate=4938 Rs ≈ m
❑
Precautions
1. All units of items of work must be correct.
2. Calculations should be done carefully to avoid errors.

Result
The total rate of concrete work is approximately
 3
Rs 4950 per m

Experiment 04
im:
Analysis of rate (for brick work).
Requirement:
Size of bricks, rate of cement, rate of sand, rate of labor, rate of bricks etc.
Assumed Data:
 Brick masonry = 1 m³
 Mortar ratio = 1 : 6 (cement : sand)
 Rate of cement = ₹420 / bag
 Rate of sand = ₹1200 / m³
 Rate of brick = ₹8 / brick
 Labor charges = ₹900 / m³

Procedure
1. Find out the quantity of cement.
2. Find out the quantity of sand.
3. Find total number of bricks used.
4. Find total rate.

Calculation and Formula

1. Number of bricks in 1 m³ brick masonry
Volume of 1 brick with mortar (nominal size)

200 mm × 100 mm ×100 mm¿ 0.2 ×0.1 ×0.1=0.002 m3

1
Number of bricks= =500 bricks
0.002
2. Volume of bricks without mortar
Actual size of brick

190 mm ×90 mm× 90 mm¿ 0.19 ×0.09 × 0.09¿ 0.001539 m3

Total volume of bricks

3
500 ×0.001539=0.7695 m

3. Volume of mortar

Mortar=1−0.7695¿ 0.2305 m3

Add 30% extra for dry mortar

3
0.2305 ×1.30=0.30 m
4. Quantity of Cement (1:6 mortar)
Total parts = 1 + 6 = 7
Cement volume

1
¿ × 0.30¿ 0.0428 m3
7
No. of cement bags

0.0428
=1.24 ≈ 1.25 bags
0.0345
Cost of cement

1.25 × 420=₹ 525

5. Quantity of Sand

6
Sand= × 0.30¿ 0.257 m3
7
Cost of sand

0.257 ×1200=₹ 308

6. Cost of Bricks

500 ×8=₹ 4000

7. Labor Charges

₹ 900

Total Rate
Amount
Item
(₹)

Cemen
525
t

Sand 308

Bricks 4000

Labor 900

Total ₹5733
Precaution
1. All units of item of works should be correct.
2. Calculation should be done carefully.

Result
Total rate of brick work = ₹5733 per m³ (approximately).

Experiment no 05
Aim:
Analysis of rate (for plaster work).

Requirement:
Area of plaster, thickness of plaster, rate of cement, rate of sand, rate of labor,
etc.
Assumed Data:
 Area of plaster = 10 m²
 Thickness of plaster = 12 mm = 0.012 m
 Mortar ratio = 1 : 4 (cement : sand)
 Rate of cement = ₹420 / bag
 Rate of sand = ₹1200 / m³
 Labor charge = ₹250 / m²

Procedure
1. Find out the quantity of cement.
2. Find out the quantity of sand.
 3. Calculate total material cost.
4. Find total rate (material + labor).

Calculation and Formula

1. Volume of plaster

Volume= Area×Thickness¿ 10 ×0.012¿ 0.12 m3

Add 30% extra for dry mortar

3
0.12 ×1.30=0.156 m

2. Quantity of Cement
Mortar ratio = 1 : 4
Total parts = 5

1
Cement= × 0.156¿ 0.0312 m3
5
No. of cement bags

0.0312
=0.90 ≈ 1 bag
0.0345
Cost of cement

1 ×420=₹ 420

3. Quantity of Sand

4
Sand= ×0.156 ¿ 0.125 m3
5
Cost of sand

0.125 ×1200=₹ 150

4. Labor Charges

Labor=10 × 250¿ ₹ 2500

Total Rate
Item Amount
(₹)

Cemen 420
t

Sand 150

Labor 2500

Total ₹3070

Precaution
1. All units of item of works should be correct.
2. Calculation should be done carefully.

Result
Total rate of plaster work = ₹3070 for 10 m² area (approximately).
 EXPERIMENT NO 06
Aim:
Estimation of quantity of reinforcement (for beam).
Requirement:
Details of reinforcement for beam such as bent-up bars, stirrups, hanger/top
bars, diameter of bars, span of beam, and rate of steel.
Assumed Data:
 Beam size = 300 mm × 450 mm
 Span of beam = 4 m
 Main bars = 2 bars of 16 mm dia
 Bent up bars = 2 bars of 12 mm dia
 Hanger/top bars = 2 bars of 10 mm dia
 Stirrups = 8 mm dia @ 200 mm spacing
 Rate of steel = ₹70/kg
Unit weight formula of steel:
2
d
Weight= kg/m
162

Procedure
1. Find out the quantity of bent-up bars.
2. Find out the quantity of stirrups.
3. Find out the quantity of hanger/top bars.
4. Find total quantity and rate.

Calculation and Formula

1. Length of Straight Bar

Length=Span+ Hook length

Hook length (both ends)

¿ 18 ×dia
For 16 mm bar

Hook=18 ×16=288 mm=0.288 m

Total length

¿ 4 +0.288=4.29 m

2. Weight of Bars
Unit weights
 16 mm bar
2
16
=1.58 kg /m
162
 12 mm bar
2
12
=0.89 kg /m
162
 10 mm bar
2
10
=0.62 kg /m
162
 8 mm bar
2
8
=0.395 kg /m
162

Calculation Table

No Length Breadth Height Quantity

SN Description
. (m) (m) (m) (kg)

1 Main bars (16 mm) 2 4.29 — — 13.56

Bent-up bars (12

2 2 4.29 — — 7.63
mm)

Hanger bars (10

3 2 4.29 — — 5.32
mm)

4 Stirrups (8 mm) 20 1.20 0.30 0.45 9.48

Total Steel Quantity

13.56+7.63+5.32+ 9.48¿ 36 kg (¿ .)

Cost of Steel

36 ×70=₹ 2520
Assume labor charges = ₹500

Total Rate

Total Rate=Material+ Labor¿ 2520+500¿ ₹ 3020

Precaution
1. All units of item of works should be correct.
2. Calculation should be done carefully.

Result
Total quantity of steel = 36 kg (approx.)
Total rate of steel work = ₹3020 (approximately).

Experiment no 07
Aim:
Preparation of approximate estimate for road project.
 Requirement:
Details of road work such as Ground Level (GL), Natural Surface Level
(NSL), gradient, side slopes, change of level, formation width, etc.
Assumed Data:
 Length of road = 100 m
 Formation width (b) = 8 m
 Side slope = 1.5 : 1
 Distance between sections = 20 m
 Rate of earthwork = ₹250 / m³

Procedure
1. Find out the cutting area.
2. Find out the filling area.
3. Find out the volume of cutting.
4. Find out the volume of filling.
5. Find out the total volume of cutting and filling.

Formula Used
1. Area of trapezoidal section

Area=(b +s ×d )× d
Where:
b = formation width
s = side slope
d = depth of cutting or filling
2. Mean Area Method

A 1+ A 2
Volume= ×L
2
Where:
A₁ = area of first section
A₂ = area of second section
L = distance between sections
Calculation Table

S Road Cut Mea Leng Cuttin

 Distance Area n Area g Volume
N th (m)
(m) (m²) (m²) (m³)
1 0 2.0 2.5 20 50
2 20 3.0 3.5 20 70
3 40 4.0 4.5 20 90
4 60 5.0 5.5 20 110
5 80 6.0 6.5 20 130

Total Cutting Volume

50+70+ 90+110+130 ¿ 450 m3

Assume Filling Volume = 300 m³

Cost of Earthwork
Total earthwork
3
450 +300=750 m
Rate of earthwork

750 ×250¿ ₹ 187,500

Precaution
1. All units of item of works should be correct.
2. Calculation should be done carefully.

Result
Total rate of road work = ₹1,87,500 (approximately).
 Experiment no 07
Aim
Estimating cost of building by Plinth Area Method.
Requirement
Given the details of building works and their rates.
Procedure
1. Find out the total area of building (including walls, verandah, corridors,
etc.).
2. Calculate the plinth area and cost of building using the plinth area
rate.
3. Add other costs (water supply, electricity, sanitary work, special
services).
 4. Find the grand total cost.
Calculation and Formula
Plinth Area = Carpet Area + Area of Walls + Corridors + Staircase
+ Verandah etc.
Assume:
 Length of building = 12 m
 Breadth of building = 8 m
Plinth Area = 12 × 8 = 96 m²
Assume Plinth area rate = ₹18,000 per m²
Cost of Building = Plinth Area × Rate
= 96 × 18,000
= ₹17,28,000
Additional Services (Approx.)

Item
Percentage Cost (₹)

Water supply &

5% 86,400
sanitary

1,38,24
Electrification 8%
0

Special
3% 51,840
services

Total Additional Cost

= 86,400 + 1,38,240 + 51,840
= ₹2,76,480
Grand Total Cost
= 17,28,000 + 2,76,480
= ₹20,04,480

Total Plinth Area ≈ 96 m²

Calculation Table

Length Breadth Height

S
Description (m) (m) (m) Quantity

Main building
1 12 8 3 96 m²
area
 Length Breadth Height
S
Description (m) (m) (m) Quantity

2 Verandah 4 2 3 8 m²

3 Corridor 5 2 3 10 m²

4 Staircase 3 2 3 6 m²

Precautions
1. All units of items of work should be correct and uniform.
2. Calculations should be done carefully to avoid errors.

Result
Total estimated cost of building = ₹20,04,480 (Approximately ₹20
lakh).