GINST 003: ENGLISH ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM 1

GINST 003
ENGLISH
ENHANCEMENT
PROGRAM 1
First Semester, A.Y. 2025-2026

Prepared by:
LIMUEL ARJAY A. ESTEBAN, MBA, CPL

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ENGLISH ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM 1
LEARNING MATERIAL WEEKS 7-11

This EEP Speaking Learning Material assesses your communicative skills necessary for effective oral communication. All
the activities in this learning pack are designed to collect samples of your speaking performance. You will be assessed
based on your ability to express your ideas clearly and coherently, your grammatical structures, and your English
pronunciation.

Topic Outline:
Speaking Skills
• Overcoming Language Anxiety
Differences between American and British English
• Spelling
• Word Usage
Pronunciation Drill
Speaking Exam
• Speaking Exam Sections
• Criteria in Speaking Exam
Task Topics
Common Mistakes in Speaking
Success in Speaking
Practice Materials
Exercises

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify ways to overcome language anxiety;
2. arrange words to form concepts related to overcoming language anxiety;
3. choose the best answer to the question among multiple choices;
4. evaluate accurate and inaccurate statements;
5. perform a speaking exercise through video presentation; and
6. analyze why speaking is easiest as compared to listening and writing.

The topic below is just a review of our lesson about Listening. The strategies given are just the same from what you have
discuss and learned in Prelim. In addition, more specific information just like in note-taking are given in order to further
strengthen your listening skills in answering exercises.

Speaking Skills
Speaking is the action of conveying information or expressing one's thoughts and feelings in spoken language. The
following are main purposes of speaking

To Inform
It concerns helping audience obtain information that they do not have. Subsequently, audience can use this
information to comprehend or figure out something or to carry out a new task or advance their skills.

The goal is to gain knowledge which is the ultimate characteristics of informative topics.
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To Persuade
Persuading means trying to hold the listeners, to embrace a standpoint, or to take up a behavior that they would not
have done if not. It includes a call for action on the part of the audience to make some change in their behavior or
thinking.

To Entertain
The concluding general-purpose that people have for speaking is to entertain. Entertainment speaking focuses on
the subject and event of the speech. An entertaining speech can be informative and persuasive at its origin.

ESL, a global leader in study abroad programs, provides top tips on how to overcome your fear of speaking in a foreign
language.

10 ways to Overcome Language Anxiety

Step 1: Understand your fear

Anxiety reduces your brain’s ability to get on with its normal tasks properly, such as processing language in real
time. With the added complexity of using a new vocabulary and grammar, you may feel your brain shutting down.

To relax, take a deep breath, gather your thoughts and remember that no one expects you to speak perfectly when
it is not your native language.

Step 2: Identify your problem areas

When you’re not used to speaking in a foreign language, your brain needs time to process incoming words,
translate them, think of a response and translate these. Rather than trying to formulate an answer in your head
while the other person is still talking, clear your mind and truly listen to what they’re saying. Then take a moment to
gather your thoughts and answer – when in doubt, put all your effort into listening.

Step 3: Practice your listening

Working on your listening ability by listening to the radio or watching TV in your target language will help your
speaking skill. You can improve your vocabulary and pronunciation through listening alone, but it is not a substitute
for real conversation.

Step 4: Let go of the need for perfection

You will never speak a language fluently without speaking a broken version of it first! The sooner you start talking,
the sooner you will reach a conversational level. It may be frustrating to feel like you’re making mistakes, but this
will ultimately be outweighed by the reward of using the language long-term. So embrace your mistakes.

Step 5: Smile

You’ll get a much better response if you approach the conversation with a smile. After all, most native speakers are
delighted when a foreigner makes effort to speak their language, especially if they can see that it’s difficult for him!
So start every conversation with a friendly hello and a smile.

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Step 6: Seek out one-on-one conversations

One-on-one conversations are easier. Private lessons are ways to ensure you get this experience, while also
benefiting from input from an expert.

Step 7: Control the speed of the conversation

If you speak slowly and clearly, this could encourage your conversation partner to match your speaking rhythm. If
the person you’re speaking to doesn’t get the hint, it never hurts to ask them politely to speak a bit slower – you’re
still learning after all.

Step 8: Don’t be discouraged when a conversation doesn’t go well

Some people you speak to will be more patient than others, some are more understanding, and some are simply
better at understanding foreign accents. When you encounter someone who’s impatient or rude to you while you’re
trying to speak their language, don’t be discouraged.

Step 9: Practice basic, everyday conversations

If you’re lacking confidence in the language you’re learning, these conversations should be your first step. These
conversations will help boost your confidence so you can move onto broader topics.

Step 10: Visit places where the language is spoken as often as you can

It goes without saying, but living and studying abroad in full immersion is hands-down the best way to increase your
fluency and reduce your fear of speaking in a foreign language.

Differences between American and British English

All the exercises in our course are taken from actual international test called IELTS. Therefore, some of the vocabulary and
syntax used that you may encounter in any of the exercises may be new to you. If you do not recognize a word at first, you
will be able to assess the meaning of the word through its context in the sentence.

In addition, writing your answers in all listening exercises should be properly spelled. However, you must use just one form
of English consistently – that is, either British or American when writing all your answers.

There are two main differences, at least, between British and American English – spelling and word usage. Here are some
examples:

Spelling

SUFFIXES
AMERICAN ENGLISH BRITISH ENGLISH
-am program -amme programme
-er center -re centre
-ize apologize -ise apologise
-or color -our colour
-yze analyze -yse analyse

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DOUBLE / SINGLE CONSONANTS
AMERICAN ENGLISH BRITISH ENGLISH
enrol enroll
skillful skilful
jewelry jewellry
counselor counsellor
modeling modelling
traveler traveller

Word Usage
WORD USAGE
AMERICAN ENGLISH BRITISH ENGLISH
gasoline petrol
truck lorry
pants trousers
apartment flat
store shop

Pronunciation Drill
This lesson helps you enunciate words properly. It is essential in order to enhance your Speaking Skills. Also, it will assist
you to better understand words you hear from all the recording materials whenever you are answering any Listening
exercises.

Vowel Sounds

The long “ee” and short “i”

i ee i ee
sin seen whip weep
fit feet sit seat
live leave bid bead
this these ship sheep

The long and short “u”

long u short u long u short u
fuse foot brochure could
durable book duty fluent
fruit future mule custard
rural input assume avenue

The A sound
on body popular
hard promise rot
carpet monitor option
modify college coffee

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The Ash sound (æ)
gate later January
blade plane cake
gate fade rat

The ä sound (short o)

doll honest jog
car mop calm
garden art walk

The Schwa sound (э)

love under among
one annoy month
front money fund

Consonant Sounds
p/f Filipino campfire shoplift
b/v subversive obvious bavarian
th three fifth bath
lk hulk sulk bulk
ph Philippines graphics phoenix
ple /ble/ kle couple fable fickle

Let’s do more pronunciation exercises. Below are common words that are often mispronounced. Read aloud every word.
Go!

ricochet crisp leopard brochure

lettuce heir giraffe debut
facade caviar gourmet comfortable
canine queue denouement suite

A flea and a fly in a flue were caught,

So what could they do?
Said the fly, “Let us flee!”
“Let us fly!” said the flea.
So they flew thru a flaw in the flue.

-tion / -sion / -cion

communication admission denomination translation
transportation computation association submission
satisfaction accentuation location corporation
information distribution transaction dimension
Admission of communication litigation.
Translation of computation revelation.
Submission of location distribution.

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-tain / -ten
mountain open captain chieftain
fountain cotton raven patent
certain satin awaken taken

Speaking Exam
Speaking can be an intimidating experience, even in your native tongue, let alone when learning a new language. The best
way to learn how to speak, though, is by practicing, so put your inhibitions aside and strike up a conversation whenever you
are given an opportunity to do so.

An article entitled Four Macro Skills of Communication suggests that when speaking, be aware of your pace and try not to
mumble; speak clearly. Consider being expressive when you talk; avoid a monotonous tone. Expression adds interest and
depth to what you are saying and it will keep your listener interested.

Here is a Youtubevideo link you could watch in order for you to have an idea how Speaking exam is done:
[Link] The speaker provided a concrete example about a job she would like to do. The latter part of
the video provides tips on how to improve your overall presentation in speaking exam and that includes your sentence
structures and vocabulary. Do watch it and learn from it.

Speaking Exam Sections

Let’s overcome your language fear by doing speaking exercises. A typical Speaking Test is an interview that lasts between
11 to 14 minutes. It has three parts and divided as follows:

PART MINUTE WHAT WILL YOU NEED TO TALK ABOUT?

You will introduce yourself. Also you will talk about

1 4-5 minutes familiar topics. (e.g. hobbies, daily routine, likes and
dislikes)

You will be given a topic with sub questions. You

2 3-4 minutes
need to talk about the topic for 1-2 minutes.

You will be asked more detailed and more abstract

3 4-5 minutes
questions related to your topic in part 2.

Criteria in Speaking Exam

All your speaking performance will be assessed based on 4 criteria: pronunciation, fluency and coherence, grammar, and
lexical resource.

Pronunciation
✓ You do not need to speak English like a native speaker. You will not be marked on your accent.
✓ You should speak clearly and pronounce all the words correctly.
✓ You should put the stress in word properly.
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Fluency and Coherence
✓ You just need to sound natural; you shouldn’t sound mechanical.
✓ You should expand your answers.
✓ You establish connection of your ideas by using linking words and phrases.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

✓ You should use grammatical structures correctly.
✓ You should use a variety of sentence structures.

Lexical Resource
✓ You should use words properly.
✓ You should convey precise meanings.

Task Topics
Below are some topics used in actual Speaking Tests. Read through and understand each topic. Start brainstorming and
practicing for your Speaking exam.

Talk about your education

▪ What kind of school did you go to as a child?
▪ Did you go to a co-educational school?
▪ What was your favorite subject as a child?
▪ Who was your favorite teacher?

Talk about your studies

▪ What are you studying now?
▪ What is your area of specialization?
▪ Why choose your course over other programs?
▪ Where do you see your course taking you 4-5 years from now?

Talk about your daily routine

▪ What do you usually do?
▪ What do you do on the weekend?
▪ What is your typical weekday like?
▪ Does your life change much from week to week?
▪ Do you have any free time during the week?

Talk about a place where you like to go

▪ Why is this place special to you?
▪ When did you first visit this place?
▪ Where is this place located?

Talk about hobbies

▪ Do you have hobbies?
▪ What are some of your hobbies?
▪ When did you first develop your hobby?
▪ What are some of the advantages of having a hobby?
▪ How much time do you spend on your hobby?
▪ What language is spoken there? Do you speak the language?

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Talk about Internet
▪ Do you use the Internet much during the day?
▪ What do you usually do on Internet?
▪ What are some advantages of the Internet?
▪ What are some disadvantages?
▪ Do people in your country use the Internet a lot?

Talk about games

▪ Do you enjoy playing games?
▪ What kind of games do you play?
▪ What kind of games was popular in your country?
▪ Do you think adults should play games?
▪ What do children learn from playing games?

Talk about films

▪ Do you enjoy watching films?
▪ What is your favorite film?
▪ What was the story all about?
▪ Who are your favorite actors?
▪ How often do you watch films?

Talk about shopping

▪ Do you enjoy shopping?
▪ How do you shop?
▪ Do you like shopping on the Internet?
▪ Do you have any favorite stores?
▪ What don’t you like about shopping?
▪ What is the most popular place to shop in your hometown?

Talk about sports

▪ Do you like sports?
▪ Do you enjoy watching sports?
▪ Do you enjoy participating in any sports?
▪ What is your favorite sport?
▪ What equipment do you need for your favorite sport?

Talk about friendship

▪ Describe a friend.
▪ How long have you known each other?
▪ What do you usually do together?
▪ What do you like the most about him/her?
▪ How often do you see each other?

Talk about food

▪ What are some of your favorite food?
▪ What foods are popular in your country?
▪ What are some of the famous dishes of your country?
▪ Do you enjoy cooking?

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Talk about festival
▪ What’s the most important festival in your country?
▪ How do people celebrate this festival?
▪ What special food is associated with this festival?
▪ What do you enjoy most about this festival?

Talk about color

▪ Do you have a favorite color?
▪ What are your country’s color?
▪ Do you think color affect our moods?
▪ Can you learn anything about a person from the color he / she likes?

Talk about music

▪ Do you like music?
▪ What kind of music do you like?
▪ When do you usually listen to music?
▪ What kind of music do you like when you were younger?
▪ What kind of music if popular in your country?

Talk about clothes

▪ What type of clothes do you like to wear?
▪ What kind of clothes do you dislike?
▪ How important is fashion to you?
▪ Are clothes expensive in your country?

Talk about an object

▪ Describe an object you particularly like.
▪ What is the object that you like?
▪ What it looks like?
▪ What it is made of?
▪ What it is for?
▪ Why it is special for you?

Common Mistakes in Speaking

Here are some of the common mistakes of test takers in Speaking.

MISTAKE CAUSE SOLUTION

▪ talking too fast
▪ relax
▪ too excited
▪ take deep breaths
▪ too nervous
▪ audibility issue
▪ open your mouth wider while talking but
▪ mouth is not opened wide enough
do not overdo it
▪ uncertain response with response
PRONUNCIATION ▪ practice answering questions
or answer
▪ use a variety of intonation, pitch, volume,
▪ flat intonation
and speaking speed
▪ not expressing emotions when
▪ pretend you are interested in the question
talking
▪ change your facial expressions
▪ regional accent ▪ attend pronunciation lectures
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▪ mispronunciation was not ▪ pay attention to the lip or mouth
corrected early on movement of those who pronounce the
words properly
▪ practice pronouncing word
▪ practice speaking to someone in English
▪ practice speaking in English in front of a
▪ stuttering mirror
▪ prepare through constant drills and
FLUENCY exercises
and ▪ limited vocabulary ▪ read more; watch more
COHERENCE ▪ practice answering questions
▪ does not understand the question
▪ make an attempt to deliver a related
▪ unfamiliar with the topic
response
▪ fillers are acceptable as long as you do
▪ too much fillers
not overdo
▪ review subject-verb agreement
▪ subject-verb agreement
▪ practice applying
▪ review pronoun
GRAMMAR ▪ inappropriate pronoun
▪ read samples
▪ review different prepositions
▪ wrong use of prepositions
▪ practice writing and speaking
▪ avoid complex or highfalutin words
▪ misuse of words ▪ look and think for simple synonym or
words that you frequently use
▪ expand your vocabulary
▪ repeated used of specific words ▪ if you cannot think of synonym, replace
the word with a phrase that describes it
VOCABULARY
▪ like in writing, substitute transitional
▪ overuse of transition signals devices you use in writing with more
common words to sound natural
▪ overuse of adverbs ▪ look for synonyms that require modifiers
▪ try to describe the object or topic if you do
▪ murmuring in Filipino
not know the word for it
▪ long pauses, keeping quiet ▪ speak
OTHER ▪ hesitation ▪ commit to yourself and do not make
MISTAKES ▪ focusing too much on grammar mistakes obvious
and vocabulary ▪ think quickly before you talk
▪ distracted
▪ daydreaming ▪ focus on the task at hand
▪ thinking about consequences of ▪ focus on the exam
test results
▪ thinking of better or appropriate
▪ make use of available words
words
OTHER ▪ do not limit your answer to the bullet point
MISTAKES or guide questions
▪ no structure ▪ provide a lengthy answer like your opinion
about the topic
▪ talk about the past, present, and future of

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the topic
▪ tell a personal story or experience related
to the topic
▪ discuss problems caused by the topic and
its solutions

Success in Speaking
You might be nervous about taking your Speaking test. But with the following 10 tips from IELTS Experts, and plenty of
practice, you will be well on your way to building your confidence and getting the score you want to achieve.

Tip 1: Don't memorize answers

Don't memorize answers, especially in Part 1. Memorized language doesn't give the examiner an accurate measure of your
English-language skills. The examiner will be able to tell if you have memorized your answers and this may influence your
final band score.

Tip 2: Don't use big and unfamiliar words

You may want to impress the examiner with big and complex words in your Speaking test. But to be safe, avoid using words
you are not familiar with. There is a higher chance of making mistakes by either mispronouncing words or using them in the
wrong context. Mistakes can affect your final band score.

Use a range of vocabulary that you know which is relevant to the topic being discussed. Look at the topics in Tip 10, making
vocabulary lists or mind maps to help you learn more words and phrases connected to these topic areas.

Tip 3: Use a range of grammatical structures

When IELTS examiners assess your speaking skills, they mark you against the following assessment criteria:
▪ Fluency and coherence
▪ Lexical resource
▪ Grammatical range and accuracy
▪ Pronunciation

Try and use a range of grammatical structures using complex and simple sentences to express what you want to say. Know
your own errors and practice speaking to friends in English, or record yourself to see if you can spot errors. If you hear an
error, make sure to correct yourself. You are assessed on your ability to use different grammatical structures accurately, so
it's important to practice speaking about the past, the present and the future using correct tenses.

Tip 4: Don't worry about your accent

With a face-to-face Speaking test, the IELTS examiner understands a wide range of accents so will be able to understand
what you say, unlike an AI machine. If you can communicate well, then there is nothing to worry about. But do be aware of
sounds that you have difficulty with and make sure to use stress and intonation as English is a stress-timed language.
Practice with friends and they will tell you if they can't understand what you are saying.

Tip 5: Pause to think

There is no harm in taking a brief pause to think about what to say. We all do it to process questions. You can use phrases
to give you time to think during the Speaking test - phrases such as:
▪ That's an interesting question
▪ I have never thought about that, but...
▪ Let me see
▪ That's a good point
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▪ That's a difficult question, but I'll try and answer it
▪ Well, some people say that is the case, however I think...
▪ Let me think about that for a minute

Tip 6: Avoid using fillers

Speak confidently and avoid using filler words. We generally use fillers when we don't know what to say, however, this
shows the examiner that you can't access the appropriate language or ideas so it's important to avoid them and to use the
phrases we gave you in Tip 5.

Avoid the following fillers:

▪ Like
▪ You know
▪ Umm...
▪ Ahh...
▪ Ehh...
▪ Well
▪ Yeah...

Tip 7: Extend your answers

Try and answer the examiner's questions in full. Extend your answers and don't wait for the examiner to prompt you with a
question. When your answers are short, this shows the examiner that you cannot talk in detail about a topic. If the examiner
says 'Why?', they are prompting you to give a reason for your answer and to extend more fully.

Tip 8: Smiling helps pronunciation

Smiling can help calm your nerves which in turn helps your pronunciation. Make sure to enunciate clearly, opening your
mouth wide enough so that sounds come out clearly. When we smile, our mouth is bigger and the tone of our voice is more
friendly. Using clear enunciation and tone will show the examiner that you can use a range of pronunciation features.

Tip 9: Don't speak in a monotone

Sometimes when we speak, we produce a flat sound, a monotone, with little variation. This makes it more difficult to
express what you say and makes it more difficult for the listener to identify what parts of your message are important.
Putting emphasis on certain words and pausing at sections in your speech can make your conversation with the IELTS
examiner more engaging. When we emphasize certain words it makes it easier to compare and contrast ideas by stressing
key words. It also increases the flow of conversation, so remember:
▪ Don't speak in a monotone
▪ Vary the stress and intonation to add emphasis
▪ Use your hands to gesture and help the rhythm of the conversation

Tip 10 - Practice common IELTS topics

Part 2 of the IELTS Speaking test requires you to speak on a given topic for about 2 minutes. Practice common IELTS
topics with friends, family or colleagues to improve and to learn vocabulary associated with each topic. Common topics you
can practice for the Speaking test include:
▪ Tourism and travel
▪ Education
▪ Transport
▪ Environment
▪ Family life
▪ Sport and recreation
▪ Crime and punishment
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▪ The internet
▪ Advertising and retail

Practice Materials
Combine the 10 tips with everything you learned from our discussion to build up your confidence. As the saying goes,
‘practice makes perfect’, so with plenty of practice you will be well on your way to getting a good command of English.

SUMMARY
In this module, you learned what speaking is and its 3 main goals – to inform, to persuade, and to entertain. In addition, you
learned about some tips on how to deal with your language anxiety in terms of speaking. Before you had a pronunciation
exercise, the middle part of the discussion highlighted some differences of British English and American English to improve
not only your attempt to neutralize your accent but also to assist you better in understanding words you hear from all the
recording materials whenever you answer any Listening tests. Finally, a list of speaking tasks was provided in which you are
expected to answer through short video clips.

REFERENCES

Books:

Barrot, J. and Sipacio, P (2018) Purposive Communication in the 21st Century. Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Cullen, P., et al, (2012) The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS for Academic & General Training. United Kingdom:
Cambridge Exams Publishing, Cambridge University Press

Jakeman, V., McDowell, C., (1996) Cambridge Practice Test for IELTS 1: United Kingdom: Cambridge University
Press

Kaplan (2009) IELTS: International English Language Testing System. 2009-2010 edition. New York: Kaplan Press

McDowell, C., and Jakeman, V., (2004) Step Up To IELTS: Self-Study Student’s Book. United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press

McDowell, C., and Jakeman, V., (2004) Step Up To IELTS: Self-Study Teacher’s Book. United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press

Official IELTS Practice Materials 1 (2009) United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press

Official IELTS Practice Materials 2 (2009) United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press

Snelling, R., Get Ready for IELTS Speaking (2012) United Kingdom: Collins Educational

Syjueco, M. (2013) Oral Communication in Context. Philippines: Diwa Learning System, Inc.

9.0 Niner - IELTS Review and Tutorial: Orange Book

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Websites:

10 Ways to Overcome Language Anxiety. Retrieved from

[Link]

Four Macro Skills of Communication. Retrieved from

[Link]

IELTS Speaking Band 9 Sample answer + Vocabulary. Retrieved from

[Link]

EXERCISES
Suggested exercises for Module 2:
▪ quiz about speaking skills
▪ speaking exercises
▪ essay/reflection

Rubric for Speaking and Essay-Type Assessment Tasks:

POINTS
CRITERIA
5 4 3 2 1

▪ fully satisfies the requirement of the task

Task Achievement
▪ presents answers clearly & appropriately
▪ organizes ideas logically
Coherence and Cohesion
▪ manages sentences properly
▪ majority of the sentences are error-free
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
▪ good control of grammar
▪ uses a wide-range of vocabulary
Lexical Resource
▪ conveys precise meanings

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