P P Savani University
School of Engineering
Course Code : IDIT3510
Course Name: .Net Technology
Section - I
Unit – 1 Introduction to .NET Framework
.NET Overview, NET framework, course mechanics, CLR, Assemblies
(monolithic vs. component-based applications), Execution Model, Client-Side
vs. Server-Side Programming.
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.NET Technology
.NET technology of collection or set of technologies to
develop and windows and web applications.
∙ Visual Studio is the development tool that is used to design
and develop .NET applications. For using Visual Studio, the
user has to first install the .NET framework on the system.
∙ In the older version of Windows OS like XP SP1, SP2, or SP3,
the .NET framework was integrated with the installation
media.
∙ Windows 8, 8.1, or 10 do not provide a pre-installed version
3.5 or later of .NET Framework. Therefore, a version higher
than 3.5 must be installed either from a Windows
installation media or from the Internet on demand.
Windows update will give recommendations to install
the .NET framework.
Features of .Net
∙ Less Coding
∙ Reliability
∙ Security
∙ Language Interoperability
∙ Deployment
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11 Programming Languages which are designed and
developed by Microsoft are:
∙ C#.NET
∙ [Link]
∙ C++.NET
∙ J#.NET
∙ F#.NET
∙ [Link]
∙ WINDOWS POWERSHELL
∙ IRON RUBY
∙ IRON PYTHON
∙ C OMEGA
∙ ASML(Abstract State Machine Language)
.Net Frame work
It is a virtual machine that provide a common platform to run
an application that was built using the different language
such as C#, [Link], Visual Basic, etc.
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There are following components of .NET Framework:
1. CLR (Common Language Runtime)
2. CTS (Common Type System)
3. BCL (Base Class Library)
4. CLS (Common Language Specification)
5. FCL (Framework Class Library)
6. .NET Assemblies
7. XML Web Services
8. Window Services
1. CLR (Common language runtime)
CLR is the virtual machine component of the .NET
framework. A CLR also helps to convert a source code into
the
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byte code, and this byte code is known as CIL (Common
Intermediate Language) or MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate
Language).
This code is platform-independent. It is comparable to byte
code in java. A just-in-time compiler component of CLR
converts MSIL code into native code of the machine. CLR
manages memory, threads, exceptions, code execution, code
safety, verification, and compilation.
The main components of CLR are:
o Common type system
o Common language speciation
o Garbage Collector
o Just in Time Compiler
o Metadata and Assemblies
1. CTS (Common type system):
It represent what type of data and value can be defined that
managed in computer memory at runtime. For example, in
C# we define data type as int, while in [Link] we define
integer as a data type.
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There are 2 Types of CTS
1. Value Types: Value Types will store the value directly into
the memory location. CLR allows memory for these at
Compile Time.
2. Reference Types: Reference Types will contain a memory
address of value because the reference types won’t store
the variable value directly in memory. CLR allot memory
for these at Runtime.
2. CLS (Common language Specification)
It is a subset of common type system (CTS) that defines a set
of rules and regulations. In other words, a CLS language
should be cross-language integration or interoperability. For
example, in C# and [Link] language, the C# language
terminate each statement with semicolon, whereas in
[Link] it is not end with semicolon, and when these
statements execute in .NET Framework, it provides a
common platform to interact and share information with
each other.
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3. Garbage Collector:
It is used to provide the Automatic Memory
Management feature. It allocates heap memory to objects.
When objects are not in use, it reclaims the memory
allocated to them for future use. If there was no garbage
collector, programmers would have to write the memory
management codes which will be a kind of overhead on
programmers.
4. Just in Time (JIT) Compiler:
After converting into a byte code, a CLR uses a JIT (Just In
Time Compiler) compiler, to convert a CIL code into the
machine code.
5. Metadata:
A Metadata is a binary information about the program, either
stored in a CLR Portable Executable file (PE) along with MSIL
code or in the memory. During the execution of MSIL,
metadata is also loaded into memory for proper
interpretation of classes and related. Information used in
code. So, metadata helps implement code in a language-
neutral manner or achieve language interoperability.
6. Assemblies:
A .NET assembly is the main building block of the .NET
Framework. Assembly will contain Namespaces, Classes, Data
types it's a small unit of code for deployment. It defines in
two parts (process) DLL and library (exe) assemblies. When
the .NET program is compiled, it generates a metadata with
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Intermediate Language, which is stored in a file called
Assembly.
7. Namespace:
Namespace is used in order to avoid conflict of user defined
classes. It is a Collection of names wherein each name is
Unique. They form the logical boundary for a Group of
classes. Namespace must be specified in Project-Properties.
.NET CLR Functions
Following are the functions of the CLR.
o It converts the program into native code.
o Handles Exceptions
o Provides type-safety
o Memory management
o Provides security
o Improved performance
o Language independent
o Platform independent
o Garbage collection
Characteristics of .NET Framework
1. CLR (Common Language Runtime)
2. Namespace - Predefined class and function
3. Metadata and Assemblies
4. Application domains
5. It helps to configure and deploy the .net
application 6. It provides form and web-based
services
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7. Security and Portability
8. Interoperability
9. It provides multiple environments for developing an
application
.Net Code Execution
The execution process of .NET Core and compare it with
the .NET Framework.
1. Choosing a compiler
2. Compiling your code to MSIL
3. Compiling MSIL to native code
4. Running code
Choosing a Compiler
∙ It is a multi-language execution environment, the runtime
supports a wide variety of data types and language
features.
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∙ To obtain the benefits provided by the common language
runtime, you must use one or more language compilers
that target the runtime.
Compiling your code to MSIL
∙ Compiling translates your source code into Microsoft
Intermediate Language (MSIL) and generates the
required metadata.
∙ Metadata describes the types in your code, including the
definition of each type, the signatures of each type's
members, the members that your code references, and
other data that the runtime uses at execution time.
∙ The runtime locates and extracts the metadata from the
file as well as from framework class libraries (FCL) as
needed during execution.
Compiling MSIL to Native Code
∙ At execution time, a just-in-time (JIT) compiler translates
the MSIL into native code.
∙ During this compilation, code must pass a verification
process that examines the MSIL and metadata to find out
whether the code can be determined to be type safe.
Running Code
∙ The common language runtime provides the
infrastructure that enables the execution to take place
and services that can be used during execution.
∙ During execution, managed code receivesservicessuch as
garbage collection, security, interoperability with
unmanaged code, cross-language debugging support,
and enhanced deployment and versioning support.
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Server side and Client side Programming
Sr. Server side Client side
No.
1. Operations over work as an interface
databases like delete, between server and
update. user
2. Access/Write a file on Sending request for data
server. to server
3. Interact with other Interact with temporary
servers. or Local storage
4. Structure web Make interactive web
applications. pages
5. Process user input. Retrieval of data from
Server
6. PHP, .Net Framework, Javascript, VBScript ,
C++, Java and JSP, HTML, CSS, AJAX,
Python, Ruby on Rails Bootstrap, .Net
Framework
7. // This is a sample C# // sample HTML
code. code <html>
using System; <head>
// namespace <title>Client Side
class ServerSide </title>
{ </head>
public static void <body>
Main() <h1>
{ HelloC# Corner
[Link] </h1>
in e(“Hello”); </body>
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// printing a line </html>
}
}
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