Viruses are pathogens which cause many common diseases, including colds and flu.

Viruses grow and reproduce inside cells they have invaded- host cells. A virus uses the
host cell to make thousands of copies of itself.

Colds- common viral contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by many different
viruses which develops slowly. Symptoms include runny nose & sneezing which build up
over a day or two and last 7-10 days.

Flus- contagious infection of the nose, throat, and lungs caused by the influenza virus and
develops suddenly. Symptoms include sore throat,fatigue,high fever, and muscle/body
aches and sometimes effects can be deadly.

Measles- Is caused by the measles virus- A highly contagious virus that spreads through
droplets from coughing and sneezing. Symptoms include a high fever,cough,runny nose
and a rash all over the body. Symptoms usually begin 10 to 14 days after exposure, and the
rash begins about 7 to 18 days after exposure.

Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite transmitted through the bite of an infected
mosquito. Symptoms include chills, fever, and sweating, usually occurring a few weeks
after being bitten.

Chickenpox- Is caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is highly contagious and can be
spread from person to person through the air or by direct contact with the fluid from the
chicken pox blisters. Symptoms appear 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus and
include fever, rash, headache, tiredness, and a loss of appetite.

Natural disasters; when major disasters cause people to be displaced, the threat of
disease quickly follows. This is because of; Water contamination, lack of sanitation,
overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to hospitals and clinics. For example,
floods and earthquakes allow untreated sewage to enter the floodwaters/rivers from which
drinking water is collected.

Salmonella enteritidis; Bacteria may be found in poultry and eggs and can produce
poisonous wastes in your stomach if contaminated food is consumed, as well as causing
illnesses like gastroenteritis.

Over nutrition; A form of malnutrition in which the intake of nutrients is oversupplied. The
amount of nutrients exceeds the amount required for normal growth, development and
metabolism

Under nutrition; Lack of sufficient nutrients. In the body, caused by not having enough food
or not eating the right food (food containing substances necessary for growth and health).

Eating a variety of foods from the five food groups ensures a healthy diet essential for
growth and development. The five food groups are vegetables, legumes, and beans. Fruits.
Lean meat, poultry, and fish. Grains and cereals. Milk, cheese, Yogurt and dairy
alternatives.

Carbohydrates; Fueling your body and maintaining healthy blood sugar levels.

Protein; Body’s building blocks, support muscles, builds and repairs tissues.

Minerals; Essential for many body functions like regulating metabolism. Eg. iron and
calcium.

Calcium; Build strong bones and teeth, supports muscle function.

Vitamin; Helps with immunity, vision, skin, growth, and nerve health.
 Fats
Facts; Good fats provide energy, protect organs and support hormone functions.

Water; Crucial for your body, helps prevent dehydration, your body is made-up of 60%
water.

Sodium; Maintains fluid balance and the transmission of nerve signals. It is found in salt
and many processed foods.

Potassium; Contributes to the functioning of muscles and nerves, and plays an important
role in heart health. Foods high in potassium include bananas,avacados,tomatoes etc.

Thrush is not a dangerous disease, but it can be itchy and uncomfortable. It often forms
white patches on your tongue or inside your cheek.

Kwashiorkor is caused by an inadequate amount of protein in the diet. It is mostly found in

children living in geographical areas with limited food resources. Delayed growth and
insolent stomach are symptoms.

Scurvy is caused by a severe lack of vitamin C in the diet. This can occur when someone
doesn't consume enough vitamin C rich foods like fruits and vegetables. Bruising and
bleeding gums are symptoms.

Rickets; A softening and weakening of bones in children, due to inadequate vitamin D.

Vitamin D promotes the body's absorption of calcium and phosphorus, extreme/prolonged
lack of vitamin D makes it difficult to maintain proper calcium and phosphorus levels in
bones. Bone pain, muscle weakness, and bowed legs are symptoms.

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant drug, mostly known for its presence in
coffee, tea and other energy drinks. It increases alertness and speeds up the
communication between the brain and the body. However, too much consumption can
have side effects like; Anxiety, Increased heart rate, Dizziness, insomnia, and dehydration.

Diabetes;

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the body cannot produce or properly use,
insulin-a hormone that controls blood sugar levels. Blood sugar levels become too high
when there is not enough insulin.

Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes

Body doesn't make enough insulin. Body doesn't respond to insulin.
Caused by immune system reaction. Lifestyle factors and genetics contribute.
 Symptoms come on quickly. Symptoms develop slowly.
Requires insulin injections. Can often be managed with lifestyle
changes and medication.

Asbestosis; A chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, which can scar
tissue and lead to serious health issues including lung cancer. These microscopic fibres
are easily inhaled and can become trapped in the lungs for years, causing long term
damage. Asbestos is often found in older buildings and materials like insulation and floor
tiles. Handling asbestos requires trained professionals and strict safety protocols to
prevent exposure.

Enzymes; All living things have enzymes. They are proteins that help speed up chemical
reactions in our bodies, including metabolism. They build some substances and break
others down. Each enzyme has a unique shape, this shape includes a space, or gap called
an active site. The substrate or reactant fits into the active site, so the enzyme can catalyze
the reaction and thus products are released.

Circulation refers to the movement of fluids within the body, particularly blood using the
circulatory system. Your heart pumps blood that flows through your arteries, veins and
capillaries. These blood vessels and your heart form your circulatory system. They work
together to deliver oxygen and nutrients to your cells.

Metabolism is the process of chemical reactions that convert food and drink into the
energy your body needs to function. There are two main types. 1). large nutrients or
molecules are broken down into smaller ones, and energy is released. 2). the body uses
that released energy and smaller molecules to build and repair cells and tissues.