Hyperbolic Trigonometry Formulas
Hyperbolic trigonometric functions are analogs of trigonometric functions but for the hyperbola.
They appear in many areas of mathematics, physics, and engineering.
Basic Definitions:
- sinh(x) = (e^x - e^(-x)) / 2
- cosh(x) = (e^x + e^(-x)) / 2
- tanh(x) = sinh(x) / cosh(x)
- coth(x) = cosh(x) / sinh(x)
- sech(x) = 1 / cosh(x)
- csch(x) = 1 / sinh(x)
Fundamental Identities:
- cosh^2(x) - sinh^2(x) = 1
- 1 - tanh^2(x) = sech^2(x)
- coth^2(x) - 1 = csch^2(x)
- sinh(2x) = 2 sinh(x) cosh(x)
- cosh(2x) = cosh^2(x) + sinh^2(x)
- tanh(2x) = 2 tanh(x) / (1 + tanh^2(x))
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions:
- arsinh(x) = ln(x + sqrt(x^2 + 1))
- arcosh(x) = ln(x + sqrt(x^2 - 1)), for x >= 1
- artanh(x) = (1/2) ln((1 + x) / (1 - x)), for |x| < 1
- arcoth(x) = (1/2) ln((x + 1) / (x - 1)), for |x| > 1
- arsech(x) = ln((1 + sqrt(1 - x^2)) / x), for 0 < x <= 1
- arcsch(x) = ln((1 + sqrt(1 + x^2)) / x), for x != 0
Derivatives:
- d/dx sinh(x) = cosh(x)
- d/dx cosh(x) = sinh(x)
- d/dx tanh(x) = sech^2(x)
- d/dx coth(x) = -csch^2(x)
- d/dx sech(x) = -sech(x) tanh(x)
- d/dx csch(x) = -csch(x) coth(x)
Integrals:
- Integral of sinh(x) dx = cosh(x) + C
- Integral of cosh(x) dx = sinh(x) + C
- Integral of tanh(x) dx = ln(cosh(x)) + C
- Integral of coth(x) dx = ln|sinh(x)| + C
- Integral of sech(x) dx = arctan(sinh(x)) + C
- Integral of csch(x) dx = ln|tanh(x/2)| + C