Binalonan, Pangasinan
College of Information Technology
2nd Semester A.Y 2025 - 2026
MODULE 1
MATHEMATICAL PATTERNS, APPLICATION ON LITERAL PATTERNS, NUMERICAL PATTERNS AND GEOMETRICAL
PATTERNS
Course Title: Mathematics in the Modern World
Course Code: GE 4
Name: Course and Year:
I. Module Objectives
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
• Appreciate the relevance of mathematical patterns
• Develop different types of reasoning and be able to apply creative and logical thinking on the application of Patterns
• Use different types of reasoning to justify statements and arguments made about mathematics and mathematical concepts.
• Write clear and logical proofs.
II. Lecture and Discussions
MATHEMATICAL PATTERNS
These are abstractions that can be anything from strings of numbers or letters to geometric figures to measurements to sets of equation. Mathematical patterns
are essential in recognizing and solving problems, and they appear everywhere in mathematics and the world around us. Understanding patterns helps develop
critical thinking and logical reasoning skills, which are important not only for mathematics but for everyday problem-solving as well. In this module, we will explore
three main types of patterns:
1. Literal Patterns: These are patterns that involve letters, numbers, or symbols following a defined sequence.
2. Numerical Patterns: These are sequences of numbers that follow a specific arithmetic or geometric rule.
3. Geometrical Patterns: These involve shapes and designs, such as polygons or repeating geometric figures.
LITERAL PATTERNS
What Are Literal Patterns?
Literal patterns are abstractions of letters that resemble a sequence or series of letters or combination of letters that
reflects or elicits a mathematical but logical arrangement. Letters used in the arrangement may not be similar but they may be
different letters.
Example 1: Sequence: xy, 2pqr, 2xy, 3pqr, 3xy, 4pqr, 4xy, 5pqr, 5xy
Explanation: In this sequence, the terms alternate between "xy" and "pqr" while the number preceding them
increases sequentially (1, 2, 3...).
Example 2: Sequence: a + b, 3a + 3b, 5a + 5b, 7a + 7b
Explanation: The variables "a" and "b" are multiplied by consecutive odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7).
NUMERICAL PATTERNS
What Are Numeral Patterns?
Numerical patterns are abstractions or sequence of purely numerical numbers either integers, decimals, or fractions
that are arranged sequentially following a definite logical and mathematical arrangement obtained by adding, subtracting,
multiplying and dividing a fixed or consecutive number to the preceding number in order to obtain succeeding number. These
sequences can be classified into two categories:
Prepared by:
ANGELINE M. GAMOSO,LPT
Instructor
Binalonan, Pangasinan
1. Arithmetic Sequences: A sequence in which the difference between consecutive terms is constant.
Example 1: 1, 4, 7, 10, 13...
Explanation: The common difference here is 3. To find the next term, add 3 to the previous term.
2. Geometric Sequences: A sequence in which each term is found by multiplying or dividing the previous term by a
constant.
Example: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32...
Explanation: The common ratio here is 2. To find the next term, multiply the previous term by 2.
GEOMETRICAL PATTERNS
What Are Geometrical Patterns?
Geometrical patterns is a kind of pattern formed on sequences of geometrical lines or curves to form geometric shapes and figures.
It is likened to motifs, patterns or designs depicting abstract and non- representational shapes such as lines, circles , ellipses, triangles, rectangles or polygons.
These geometrical figures or designs are applicable in the manufacture of tiles , wall paper designs, floor mats and stage decorations ornamenting and
embellishing a beautiful aura or ambiance of any environment or surrounding where it is used or applied.
These geometrical patterns may also be exemplified with the application of geometrical polygons whose sides are enclosure of lines
interconnected consecutively to form a closed polygon. Worth discussing hereunder are the scientific names of polygons that are internationally and
universally accepted in all countries of the world. These polygons are named and identified and are arranged sequentially according to their number of sides
Table 1. Table of the scientific names of polygons according to the number of sides.
NUMBER OF NAME OF NUMBER OF NAME OF
SIDES THE POLYGON SIDES THE POLYGON
0 Dot or a Point 1,000 Chiliagon
1 Line Segment 2,000 Dischiliagon
2 Angle 3,000 Trischiliagon
3 Triangle 4,000 Tetrakischiliagon
4 Quadrilateral such as a square,
rectangle, parallelogram, 5,000 Pentakischiliagon
trapezoid or a rhombus
5 Pentagon 6,000 Hexakischiliagon
6 Hexagon 7,000 Heptakischiliagon
7 Heptagon or Septagon 8,000 Octakischiliagon
8 Octagon or Octagon 9,000 Enneakischiliagon
9 Nonagon or Enneagon 10,000 Myriagon
10 Decagon 20,000 Dismyriagon
11 Undecagon 30,000 Trismyriagon
12 Dodecagon 40,000 Tetrakismyriagon
13 Tri-decagon 50,000 Pentakismyriagon
14 Tetra(or Tera) decagon or 60,000 Hexakismyriagon
Quadri- decagon
15 Penta or Pente-decagon 70,000 Heptakismyriagon
16 Hexa or Hexi-decagon 80,000 Octakismyriagon
17 Hepta or Hepte-decagon 90,000 Nonakismyriagon
18 Octa or Octe-decagon 100,000 Dekakismyriagon
19 Nona, Ennea or None-decagon 200,000 Icosakismyriagon
20 Icosagon 300,000 Triacontakismyriagon
21 and above n-gons 400,000 Tetracontakismyriagon
30 (Divisible by Tri-contagon 500,000 Pentacontakismyriagon
10)
40 Teracontagon or 600,00 Hexacontakismyriagon
quadricontagon
Prepared by:
ANGELINE M. GAMOSO,LPT
Instructor
Binalonan, Pangasinan
50 Pentacontagon 700,000 Heptacontakismyriagon
60 Hexacontagon 800,000 Octacontakismyriagon
70 Heptacontagon 900,000 Nonacontakismyriagon
80 Octacontagon 1,000,000 Hecatontakismyriagon
90 Nonacontagon 2,000,00 Diacosakismyriagon
100 Hectogon or Hectagon 3,000,000 Triacosakismyriagon
200 Dihectagon 9,000,000 Ennecosakismyriagon
300 Trihectagon 10,000,000 Chiliakismyriagon
400 Tetrahectagongon 20,000,000 Dischiliakismyriagon
500 Pentahectagon 30,000,000 Triachiliakismyriagon
600 Hexahectagon 40,000,000 Tetrachiliakismyriagon
700 Heptahectagon 90,000,000 Nonachiliakismyriagon
800 Octahectagon 100,000,000 Myriakismyriagon
900 Ennea or Nonahectagon ∞(Infinity) Apeirogon
(Reference. World Wide Web. Wikipedia Names of Polygons)
In item 1 of Part A, the last 3 positions are occupied by 4xy, 5pqr, and 5xy respectively. The sequence of numbers forms a
pattern because the odd spaces are consecutively arranged as well as the even spaces are consecutively arranged.
In item 2 of Part A, the first four succeeding positions are multiplied by odd consecutive integers 1, 3, 5, and 7 respectively,
thus the last 3 positions are 9a + 9b, 11a + 11b, 13a + 13b.
In item 1 of Part B, the absolute numerical values of the first four positions are 3/2, -1/3, 5/2, and 2/3 respectively the odd positions
are 1 more than the other and the even positions.
A. Literal Patterns
1. xy, 2pqr, 2xy, 3pqr, 3xy, 4pqr, 4xy, 5pqr, 5xy
2. a + b, 3a + 3b, 5a + 5b, 7a + 7b, 9a + 9b, 11a + 11b, 13a + 13b
2𝑦𝑧+4𝑞𝑟 4𝑦𝑧+8𝑞𝑟 8𝑦𝑧+16𝑞𝑟
3. , , , _____ , _____ , _____
3 3 3
𝑎+2𝑐 2𝑝−3𝑞 3𝑎+6𝑐 6𝑝−9𝑞
4. , , , , _____ , _____ , _____
𝑥+𝑦 𝑟+𝑠 𝑥+𝑦 𝑟+𝑠
𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥
5. 𝑒 , 2𝑒 , 0 , − 2 𝑒 , _____ , _____ , _____
B. Numerical Patterns
1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1. 1+2 , −1 , 2+2 , , 3+2 , +1 , 4+2
3 3 3
1 2 3 5 4 11 10 14 15 20 20 28 30 33
2. +3 , +4 , + , + , + , + , +
3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3. +2+2 , , + 4 + 4 , _____ , _____ , _____
2 3 4
𝜋 3𝜋 15𝜋 105𝜋
4. +1 , +3 , + 15 , + 5 , _____ , _____ , _____
2 2 2 2
5. √4 , √16 , √100 , √196 , _____ , _____ , _____
C. Geometrical Patterns
1. , , , , , ,
2. , , , _____ , _____ , _____
Prepared by:
ANGELINE M. GAMOSO,LPT
Instructor
Binalonan, Pangasinan
3. , , , _____ , _____ , _____
4. , , _____ , _____
III. Student Activity.
Assignment No. 1
The student must be able to reflect on and understand the following questions logically and creatively. Show the solution and explain your answer.
Submit your output using yellow pad [Link] new ideas about Mathematics did you learn?
Problems/Questions
1. What are the last three (3) terms of problems 3 and 4 in Part A of Literal Patterns? Why? Explain your answers.
2. What are the last three (3) terms of problems 3, 4, and 5 in Part B of Numerical Patterns? Why? Explain your answers.
3. What are the last three (3) terms of problems 2 to 5 in Part C of Geometrical Patterns? Why? Explain and draw your answers.
IV. Assessment / Evaluation of Learning Comprehension and Understanding
a. Assignments and Homework
The teacher may from time to time partially assess the learning aptitude and comprehension of the learners by giving assignments and requires them to
submit their output during face to face classes.. The student is required to analyse and evaluate the problems indicated in the different kinds of patterns above
Prepared By:
ANGELINE M. GAMOSO, LPT
Faculty, College of Information Technology
Noted By:
FREDERICK J. SORIANO, MIT
Dean, College of Information Technology
Approved By:
RAYMOND N. CLARO, PHD
OIC- Office of the Vice-President for Academic Affairs and Internationalization
Prepared by:
ANGELINE M. GAMOSO,LPT
Instructor