MASTER IN LEGAL STUDIES AND JUSTICE PROFESSIONS
ENGLISH LANGUAGE MODULE
PRESENTATION ON
LEGAL AND JUDICIAL PROFESSIONS
PRESENTED BY:
SUPERVISED BY: RAJAE SABRY
P. HAKIM TIMOULY JIHANE AMINE
BILAL EL OUARDY
ISMAIL ZAROUF
MOHAMMED BEN RAHOU
KHALID ECH-CHIHABY
2025-2026
INTRODUCTION
The justice system serves as the fundamental bedrock of a civilized society, acting as the essential mechanism that
safeguards individual rights and maintains social equilibrium. Justice professions are not merely jobs; they are profound
commitments to the principles of equity, accountability, and the rule of law. These roles encompass a vast spectrum of
expertise, ranging from the strategic advocacy of legal practitioners to the impartial wisdom of the judiciary and the
vigilant protection provided by law enforcement. Together, these professionals form an intricate web of checks and
balances designed to ensure that the scales of justice remain level. By dedicating their lives to the pursuit of truth and the
administration of fairness, those within the justice sector provide the stability necessary for peace and progress to flourish,
ensuring that the legal framework of a nation remains both a shield for the innocent and a sword against injustice.
What are the primary professions that form the backbone of the legal system, and how do their distinct functions
interact to create a cohesive environment for the administration of justice?
LEGAL AND JUDICIAL PROFESSIONS
THE PUBLIC
COURT CLERK
PROSECUTION
THE PUBLIC PROSECUTION
The Public Prosecution is a special type of judicial institution, referred to as the "standing judiciary". It embodies the
concept of public interest, representing society in initiating and establishing public prosecution before various judicial
authorities. It is an original party in criminal cases, required to be present during proceedings and judgment delivery.
It also participates in the composition of the judging body, under penalty of nullity of the formation. The judgment
must indicate the presence of its representative, and it is not enough to state that it was present; the name of the
Public Prosecution representative must be mentioned.
In civil cases, it is a joining party and not an original party, except in specific cases. The task of defending the public
interest, as a purely societal right, requires monitoring the progress of public prosecution at all stages, demanding
the application of the law, and ensuring the enforcement of various decisions issued by the courts, regardless of the
issuing authority.
The Public Prosecution can demand the application of the law according to Article 36 of the same law, which means
it can choose not to do so, leaving it to the court to decide what it deems appropriate, as expressed in oral
observations made during proceedings. However, its submissions, which express the official position taken by the
Public Prosecution as an institution, must be in writing.
Judges of judgment in Morocco are responsible for examining cases and making judicial decisions based on the law.
They work within the Moroccan judicial system and play an important role in ensuring justice and protecting the
rights of individuals. These judges study the facts of the case, listen to the parties involved, and analyze the legal
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arguments before giving their decision. Their mission is to apply the law in a fair and impartial manner. Judges of
judgment work in different courts, such as courts of first instance, courts of appeal, and the Court of Cassation.
Through their work, they contribute to maintaining the rule of law and strengthening confidence in the judicial
system in Morocco.
COURT CLERK
The Court clerk (Court Registry) is the administrative body within the court responsible for managing judicial files,
recording cases, organizing court sessions, and ensuring the proper functioning of judicial procedures. It assists judges
and guarantees the respect of legal formalities by keeping records, receiving documents, and communicating decisions to
the concerned parties.
In general, the Court Registry plays a key role in the administration of justice by ensuring that legal procedures are
properly documented, organized, and executed in accordance with the law.
1-The Lawyer’s Profession and the Law That Organizes It:
The legal profession in Morocco is a free and independent profession. Its main role is to defend rights and represent
individuals and institutions before the courts. It also helps support justice and ensure a fair trial. This profession is mainly
regulated by Law No. 28.08.
2-The Role of a Lawyer:
A- Defense and pleading: Representing clients before the courts (civil, criminal, commercial, and administrative courts)
and defending their rights.
B- Legal advice: Giving legal advice and guidance to individuals and companies to help avoid disputes.
C- Drafting contracts: Writing different kinds of contracts (commercial, personal, and real estate contracts) and making
sure they are legal.
D- Legal representation: Acting on behalf of people before government and non-government bodies.
E- Dispute resolution: Taking part in arbitration, mediation, and settlement between parties.
F- Attending investigations: Being present with suspects or other parties during police searches and criminal
investigations.
G- Filing appeals: Using legal methods of appeal, such as appeal and cassation,
against judgments and decisions
Definition and Core Mandate :
In the Moroccan judicial system, a Judicial Expert is a technical assistant to the court, distinct from lawyers or judges. These
professionals are high-level specialists in non-legal fields—such as civil engineering, forensic medicine, accounting, or
information technology—who are officially sworn in and registered on the national list of experts. Their primary mission is to
provide the judiciary with the "technical truth" in cases where the judge’s legal knowledge is insufficient to resolve factual
complexities. Unlike legal advocates, their presence is rooted in scientific evidence and objective analysis rather than legal
interpretation.
Key Tasks and Investigative Duties:
The duties of a judicial expert are strictly defined by the court's commissioning order. Their core tasks include:
* Technical Investigations: Conducting field visits, inspecting physical evidence, or performing laboratory analyses (e.g., DNA
testing or construction material stress tests).
* Financial and Document Auditing: Reviewing complex ledger books, banking transactions, or maritime logs to identify
irregularities or calculate damages in commercial disputes.
* Drafting the Technical Report: Synthesizing their findings into a comprehensive written document that answers the
specific questions posed by the judge. This report serves as a crucial, though non-binding, piece of evidence that shapes the
final verdict.
* Mediation Support: Often, the expert’s presence during site ،visits facilitates a technical understanding that may lead
parties toward a settlement before the final judgment.
Essential Characteristics and Ethical Standards :
To maintain the integrity of the justice system, judicial experts must embody several critical traits:
* Scientific Neutrality: They are legally bound to remain impartial. They do not represent a client but serve the "Interest
of Justice," ensuring their conclusions are free from the influence of the litigants.
* High-Level Competence: They must demonstrate years of proven experience and academic excellence in their specific
domain to be admitted to the official rolls of the Ministry of Justice.
* Strict Professional Secrecy: Since they often handle sensitive corporate data or private medical records, they must
adhere to rigorous confidentiality protocols.
* Legal Accountability: Under Law No. 45.00, experts are subject to civil and criminal liability if they commit professional
negligence, fraud, or partiality in their reports.
The bailiff (judicial commissioner) is a person who helps people and the court. His job is very important in the justice
system. He takes papers from the court and gives them to people. He watches if people do what the court says. If a person
does not pay his money, he goes to his house. He writes what he sees in a report. This report is used in court as proof. His
work is very important for people who want their rights. In Morocco, there is a law that organizes his work. All the things
he does are official and valid. People can trust him because he is a sworn officer. He works every day to make sure that
justice is done. He helps rich people and poor people the same way. If he is not there, people cannot get their rights. And
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court decisions will stay on paper only.
CONCLUSION
The diverse professions within the justice system form an inseparable collective dedicated to the preservation of civil
society. These roles are far more than career paths; they are the essential guardians of human rights and social order. As
we have explored, the true strength of the legal system lies not only in the existence of laws, but in the integrity, expertise,
and ethical commitment of the professionals who interpret and uphold them. Ultimately, the continuous evolution of
these justice careers remains the primary guarantee that the principles of fairness and accountability will endure for
generations to come.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION