Offensive Hacking Fundamentals Guide
This document provides a structured overview of key topics in Offensive Cyber Security. The
purpose of this guide is educational awareness, ethical hacking knowledge, and responsible
security research.
1. Reconnaissance Phase
• Passive Recon – Collecting information without directly interacting with the target.
• Active Recon – Direct interaction with the target system to gather data.
• Subdomain Enumeration – Discovering hidden or additional subdomains.
• WHOIS & DNS Enumeration – Gathering domain registration and DNS records.
• OSINT Basics – Using publicly available information sources.
2. Scanning & Enumeration
• Port Scanning – Identifying open ports on a target system.
• Service Detection – Determining services running on open ports.
• Vulnerability Scanning – Automated detection of known weaknesses.
• Banner Grabbing – Extracting service/version information.
• SMB / FTP / SSH Enumeration – Extracting detailed service information.
3. Web Application Vulnerabilities
• SQL Injection – Manipulating database queries.
• Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) – Injecting malicious scripts into web pages.
• Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) – Forcing users to execute unwanted actions.
• Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) – Unauthorized access to resources.
• Authentication Bypass – Circumventing login mechanisms.
• File Upload Vulnerability – Exploiting insecure file upload features.
• Local File Inclusion (LFI) / Remote File Inclusion (RFI).
• Command Injection – Executing system commands through vulnerable input.
4. Exploitation Concepts
• Exploit Basics – Understanding what an exploit is.
• Reverse Shell Concept – Gaining remote command-line access.
• Payload Concept – Code delivered to execute malicious actions.
5. Post-Exploitation Concepts
• Privilege Escalation – Gaining higher-level permissions.
• Buffer Overflow Theory – Memory exploitation concept.
• Persistence – Maintaining long-term access.
• Lateral Movement – Moving across systems within a network.
• Log Analysis – Understanding and analyzing system logs.
6. Wireless & Human Factors
• WiFi Security Basics – Wireless network fundamentals.
• WPA/WPA2 Concepts – Wireless encryption standards.
• Bluetooth Security Basics.
• Phishing Awareness – Identifying social engineering attacks.
• Human Psychology in Security – Understanding manipulation tactics.
7. Defensive & Professional Practices
• Defensive Awareness – Understanding how defenders mitigate attacks.
• Writing Vulnerability Reports – Professional security reporting.
• CVSS Basics – Vulnerability severity scoring system.
• Responsible Disclosure – Ethical vulnerability disclosure process.
• Bug Bounty Workflow – Steps in responsible bug bounty research.