(An Attempt for Livelihood Security,

Health Care & Food Security )

Submitted by:
NAV UDAY JAN SEWA
SANSTHAN
[Link]- 7000678366,
Email: navudaycg@[Link]

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Contents
Nav Uday Jan Sewa Sanstha .......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chhattisgarh State Medicinal Plants Board ..................................................................................................................... 4
About the State and its Forests ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Soil Profile of Chhattisgarh ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Physiographic Profile....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Rain fall ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Forest Area....................................................................................................................................................................... 9
The Medicinal Plants sector in Chhattisgarh ................................................................................................................... 9
Status of Processing infrastructure ................................................................................................................................ 11
Streangth, weakness, opportunity & threat analysis ..................................................................................................... 12
Establishment of Processing Cantersfor Preferred Medicinal Plant verities.................................................................. 16
Need of the project : ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
Status Of Exiting Processing Center In Forest Department :......................................................................................... 17
Preferred Medicinal Plants Species for Processing ....................................................................................................... 18
Aonla ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Bael ................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Serpgandha .................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Ashwagandha ............................................................................................................................................................... 36
Satavar ........................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Gurmar .......................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Aloe Vera ....................................................................................................................................................................... 54
Kalmegh ........................................................................................................................................................................ 61
Safed Musali .................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Financial Requirement for establishment of Processing plants ................................................................................... 71
Total requirement of land for cultivation and installation of processing plants .............................................. 72
Total investment for land .......................................................................................................................................... 72
Total investment of medicinal processing plant excluding of land and manpower ........................................ 73
Working capital staff management or man power and other expenses ............................................................ 73
Total investment for medicine plant cultivation in land ...................................................................................... 74
Marketing Expenses of raw and processing products .......................................................................................... 74
Total budget for medicinal processing plant in Chhattisgarh with timeline of investment ........................... 75
Output ........................................................................................................................................................................... 76
Production of medicine plants in raw form ........................................................................................................... 76
Total production in 7 years timeline ....................................................................................................................... 77
Production of medicine plants in finis good form ................................................................................................ 78
Sells Output income in Raw form ............................................................................................................................. 79
Sells of medicine plants in finis good form ............................................................................................................ 80
Total sells Percentage ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Total sells Amount in one year of 33 districts ....................................................................................................... 81
Total investment, income and profit – loss calculation in total project tenure (7 years) ............................... 81
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Year by year repayment and profit analysis .......................................................................................................... 82
Resources left with us after project completion .................................................................................................... 85
Marketing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 86
Local demand ............................................................................................................................................................... 86
National demand .......................................................................................................................................................... 86
Global market ............................................................................................................................................................... 87
Demand in dubai .......................................................................................................................................................... 88
Scope of Ayurveda in dubai ......................................................................................................................................... 88
Types of diseases that can be cured by Ayurveda in Dubai ...................................................................................... 89
Key Ayurvedic Treatments Used:.................................................................................................................................. 91
Annexure 2 : ................................................................................................................................................................ 92
Annexure 1 ................................................................................................................................................................. 94

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Nav Uday Jan Sewa Sanstha

Nav Uday Jansewa Sanstha founded by Mr. Harshvardhan Kurothe, is a recognized

organization imparting top quality services. Mr Kurothe envisions the establishment of
world class institute which will cater to the needs of rurals/tribals/woman
empowerment/health issuse/talented youth/ hailing from underprivileged backgrounds.
The organization began by implementing various programmes to improve medicinal
and organic foods processing across the state. By 2011 however it became clear that
working on a “project” mode was inadequate and it takes continuous effort over many
decades for any deep-rooted change to happen. This can only be achieved by establishing
“institutions” which are embedded in the local context and can collaborate with local
government structures. Thus the idea of promotion of meditational plants and there
utilization like neutraceuticals, cosmetics and food supplements and processing in
chhattisgarh state .

Chhattisgarh State Medicinal Plants Board

In view of its extremely rich and unique bio-cultural-diversity, the Government has
resolved to develop Chhattisgarh as Herbal State. Through the state led initiatives on in
situ conservation, ex situ cultivation and propagation, capacity building of local
communities, development of processing technologies and emphasis on value addition on
herbal produce the forests of Chhattisgarh have become a large store house of varieties of
medicinal & aromatic plants and to sustain the lives of a large population of forest
dependent rural communities through addressing their food, health and livelihood issues.
As a part of this endeavor, the Chhattisgarh State Medicinal Plants Board (CGSMPB)
has been constituted on28th July 2004, under the chairpersonship of the Hon'ble Chief
Minister, Chhattisgarh with Hon'ble Forest Minister as the Deputy Chairperson of the
Board. Other important members are Hon’ble Minister for Finance , Agriculture , Tribal
Welfare , Health , Industry and Panchayat & Rural Development Departments . In addition
to the above, representative of concerned Ministries of the Govt. of India, Manufacturers,
collectors, growers and traders etc. dealing with medicinal plants are also members of the
Board. The Chief Executive Officer is the Member Secretary of the Board.

CGSMPB endeavor to….

 Facilitate research and development for medicinal plant sector.
 Monitor and co ordinate medicinal plant development schemes and projects funded
bycentral and state government, associated organizations and other institutions.
 Formulate policy and project for conversation, development and non-destructive
harvesting of medicinal plants.
 Survey of plant resources & identification of medicinal plants
 Facilitate development of primary processing (cottage and SSI), drug
manufacturing,marketing and export of medicinal plants and herbal products.
 Assess demand and supply of medicinal plants
 Avail national and international assistance for development of this sector.
 Documentation and ensure patenting of trading knowledge.
 Co-ordinate bio-partnership and IPR issue.
 Address any other work relating to medicinal plant sector.

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 Chapter 1

About the State and its Forests

Geography and Climate
The state of Chhattisgarh being placed in Deccan bio-geographical area, houses an
important part of that rich and unique biological diversity. What is amore conspicuous is that
the state is significantly rich in endemism with respect to many plants having medicinal
importance.

Chhattisgarh State is carved out of the erstwhile Madhya Pradesh. It lies between
17°46—24°8 N latitude and 80°15—80°24 E longitude. The State measures 640 km from
North to South and 336 kin from East to West with a total area of 1, 35,194 sq. km. The State
shares its boundaries with the 6 Indian States i.e. Madhya Pradesh on the northwest, Uttar
Pradesh on the north, Jharkhand on the north-east, Orissa on the south-east, Andhra Pradesh
on the south and Maharashtra on the south-west.

Geographical Area

The total geographical area of the State is 136034.28 Sq. Km. Jagdalpur is the largest
district (17016.040 Sq. Km.) while Kawardha is the smallest district (3958.01 Sq. Km.) in
area.

Geological Profile

The geological structure of Chhattisgarh mainly consists of Achaean and Cudappah

rocks but Dharwad, Gondwana, Deccan Trap and old Alluvial Laterite rock systems are also
found in some pockets of the State.
Soil Profile of Chhattisgarh

Physiographyically, the State is divided into three zones, namely; Chhattisgarh plains,
Bastar plateau and Northern hills. In upper part of the landscape the soils are shallow, young
with less developed features and are highly eroded. Down the slope, the soils have more
developed features. The change in soil properties indicates the difference in drainage
conditions, transport of eroded material and translocation and deposition of mobile soil
constituents. Moving down the slope, there is increase in soil depth, water holding capacity,
on exchange capacity (CEC), and preponderance of calcium and magnesium ions on exchange
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 sites. The colour also changes from red to dark brown as we move downwards. The texture
changes from sandy loam to clayey, consistency from non-sticky to very sticky, and calcium
carbonate from none to abundant. The characteristic features of soils of these three zones have
been enumerated herewith mentioned in below table as distribution of various soil types in the
State and various crops:

Physiographic Profile
State of Chhattisgarh has a shape of Sea horse. Main physiographic components are the
plains of Mahanadi Basin, embanked by high plateaus and hills of Dandakaranya and
Northern hills. Overall the area looks like a very broad Valley running west to east with a very
gently eastwardly slope. The mainland of Chhattisgarh comprises of three main physiographic
regions:

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  Physiographic region approximate % of geographical area
A. Mountains 27.50%
B. Plateau and pat regions 29.29%
C. Plains / river basins 43.21%
These main physiographic regions can be further sub divided as:
A1. MOUNTAINS

1. Maikal Range (Rajnandgaon, Kawardha and Bilaspur districts)

2. Chhuri-Udaipur Hills (Korba and Raigarh districts)

3. Changbhakhar-Devgarh Hills (Koriya and Sarguja districts)

4. Abhujhmad Hills (Narayanpur, Bijapur, Bhopalpattnam & Pakhanjur tehsils)

B1. PLATEAU AND PAT REGIONS

1. Pat regions (Sarguja and Jashpur districts)

2. Pendra-Lormi Plateau (Lormi, Pendra Road, Kota, and Pandariya tehsils)

3. Dhamtari-Mahasamund Uplands (Saraipali, Mahasamund, Kasdol, Nagri, Gariyaband,

Devbhog, Kurud and Dhamtari tehsils.)

4. Durg Uplands (Rajnandgaon and Durg districts)

5. Bastar Plateau / Dandakaranya Plateau (Kanker, Bastar and Dantewada Distt.)

C1. PLAINS / RIVER BASINS

1 Kanhar Basin 7 Bilaspur-Raigarh Plains
2 Rihand Basin 8 Sarangarh Plains
3 Sarguja Basin 9 Durg- Raipur Plains
4 Hasdo-Rampura Basin 10 Kotri Basin
5 Korba Basin 11 Bastar Plains
6 Raigarh Basin

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Rain fall
The average annual rainfall in Chhattisgarh is 1405.3 mm (maximum average annual
rainfall upto 1885.1 mm in Jashpur district).

Land Use
Land use is an important index of human, social, cultural, and economic developments.
42.80 percent of the State area is covered by forest (59772.389 sq. km.) which is greater that
the net area sown (48278 sq. km.) i.e. 35 %.

Out of 137.00 lakh hectares geographical area of Chhattisgarh, 43% area comes under
cultivation. On the basis of climate & topography the state is divided into 3 agro climatic
zones. The Bastar Plateau comprises of Bastar, Dantewada, Bijapur & Narayanpur districts
and a part of Kanker (excluding Charama, Narharpur & Kanker Blocks). Northern parts of the
state come under "Northern Hilly Region" which comprises of Sarguja, Koriya & Jashpur
Districts. Bilaspur, Raipur, Janjgir-Champa, Raigarh, Rajnandgaon, Kawardha, Durg,
Mahasamund, Dhamtari, Korba and parts of Kanker come under "Plains of Chhattisgarh".

Land utilization in the State during 1999-2000 is shown below and a graphical
presentation is also shown in figure.

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Forest Area
59772.389 Sq. km. of the State is covered with forests, which is 44 % of the total
geographical area. Korba district has the maximum i.e. 72.58% while the lowest is found in
Janjgir-Champa district i.e. 5.6%.

Land under Agriculture Use Varied ecological condition enables cultivation of various crops in
different parts of the state. As per the census 2001, 83 % of the population of the state in engaged
in Agriculture & allied sector, it reveals that Agriculture is still the backbone of state’s economy.
51.57% of thegeographical area of the State (48, 23,863 hectares) is net sown area.
Janjgir-Champa district has the maximum percentage (71.17%) of net sown area while
Dantewada district has the lowest percentage (29.15%). In 8, 20,050 hectares i.e. 16.99% land
of net sown area; the crops are taken twice or more. Maximum double crop area is observed in
Dhamtari district (49.90%) and the least in Dantewada (1.61%).

The Medicinal Plants sector in Chhattisgarh

The total number of plant species included in this exhaustive inventory of medicinal
plants of Chhattisgarh state stands at [Link] plant entities exhibited in this inventory of
medicinal plants of Chhattisgarh state belongs to 911 genera and 196 families. These
include 14 taxa at subspecies level. After incorporating the linkages of botanical
synonyms, the total number of medicinal plant species (taxa) stand at 1525.
Habit wise analysis -1525 medicinal plant taxa of Chhattisgarh:

Sl. no. Habit Number Percentage

1 Climbers 161 10.60
2 Herbs 808 53.00
3 Shrubs 262 17.10
4 Trees 294 19.30
Total 1525 100.00

Status wise analysis – 1525 medicinal plant taxa of Chhattisgarh:

Sl. no. Status of Occurrence Number Percentage
1 Cultivated 174 11.40
2 Planted 75 4.90
3 Wild 1129 74.00
4 Cultivated and Naturalized 22 1.40
5 Planted and Naturalized 19 1.30
6 Wild and Planted 106 7.00
Total 1525 100.00

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 Most of the medicinal valuable species are in the category of on-Nationalized Non-
Wood Forest Produces are the one on which the state does not have any monopolistic control.
Nevertheless, the state develops these resources through enabling policy. M.F.P. federation
promotes their in-situ conservation, ex-situ cultivation and propagation, value addition,
processing and marketing to provide maximum benefits to the local communities.

The herbal industry in Chhattisgarh is not very organized. There are two source of
supply wild collection from forest of Chhattisgarh and cultivated by the farmers of
Chhattisgarh.

Presently medicinal plant species from natural origin are almost 90%; where as the
remaining 10% is grown by farmers. But rise in demand of the raw herbs and herbal product
the pressure on supply side has increased and destructive harvesting has been started, result of
which there are number of plant became threatened and rare and endangered.

Chhattisgarh has made advances in commercial cultivation of important medicinal

plants for folk and Indian Systems of Medicine. The agro technologies for commercial
cultivation of Chlorophytum borivilianum, Acorus calamus, Gloriosa superba, Aloe
barbadensis, Andrographis paniculata, Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis Rauvolfia
serpentina, Plantago ovata, Withania somnifera are available and many farmers have taken up
their cultivation. Nearly 625 plant species including medicinal plants from the forests of
Chhattisgarh are traded.

A minor forest produce costs and prices committee has been set up for the first time to
recommend minimum support prices for all minor forest produce except tendu leaves.
Government intends to encourage competition in MFP procurement while protecting the
interest of the tribal’s in local haat / bazaars.

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 Trading Centre’s of Herbal Products in Different Agro-climatic Zones of Chhattisgarh

S. No. Agro-climatic Major Trading Centre’s Medicinal Plants Traded

Zone

1. Bastar Bijapur, Keshkal, Tikhur, Sarpgandha, Imli, Peng, Amla,

Bhanuprathapur, Kanker, Harra, Behera, Shikakai, Voyabiding,
Narayanpur, Geedham, Chirayata, Ratanjyot, Arjun, Satavar,
Jagdalpur, Kondagaon Akarkara, Amahaldi, Dhai, etc.

2. Chhattisgarh Bilaspur, Raipur, Mungeli, Safed musli, Van tulsi, Tikhur,

Plains Kota, Kudri, Dhamtari, Ratanjyot, Aonla, Neem, Bilwa,
Durg, Mahasamund, Pendra, Chirayata, Charota, Arjun, etc.
Raigarh

3. Northern Hills Ambikapur, Koriya, Jashpur Sarpgandha, Nagarmotha, Imli,

Satavar, Chirayata, Arjun, Karanj, etc.

Status of Processing infrastructure

The State has undergone a radical change and is thriving with infrastructure
availability, but after bifurcation from Madhya Pradesh there is slight improvement in
infrastructure availability. The main infrastructure available in the state is at state capital
Raipur and major districts headquarters of the state.

Warehouse/Cold Storage
There are not more cold storages or ware house facilities in the state. The major cold
storages in state are situated in Raipur and major places and are engaged in the activities of
storing Imli, Potato, Mahua, etc. The ware house facilities are mainly made available by the
State Ware House Corporation and there are very less private agencies providing such type of
facilities.

Markets/Mandies

The main marketing patterns in the states are Haat Bazaars in the tribal areas, but in the
non-tribal areas the marketing is done in the established Mandies. The agricultural produces

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 were sold in the APMC Mandies whereas the horticulture products like vegetables and fruits
are old sold in the private weekly markets or wholesale markets.

Manufacturing Units

The manufacturing or processing units of medicinal plants in the state are very less.
The main units are established in the southern or eastern parts. The units are mainly having
the facilities of distillation, pulveriser or disintegrator.
Nurseries

The state is having quite large number of nurseries both at private or public sector
level, but these nurseries are mainly producing the forestry, horticulture and aromatic plants.
The medicinal plant seedling is quite less, due to which there is shortage of the planting
material.

R&D Institutions

The only and single research & development centre working in the field of medicinal
plant is situated at SAU Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur.

Testing Laboratories

The only commercial testing laboratory on medicinal plants has been established at
VIP Road, Near Oorja Park, Raipur, and State Drug Laboratory, Department of Ayush,
Chhattisgarh Government.
1.3 Streangth, weakness, opportunity & threat analysis
Strength

• Strong institutional frame work of CSMPB & state agricultural university available

• Scientific institutions and human resources available

• Global acceptance of ayurveda system of medicine

• Local people well aware of medicinal plants and their uses through collection from the
forest

• Bulk quantity of materials are available in the forest

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Weakness

• Policy framework biased towards fauna

• No inventory of floral resources, list of medicinal plant, etc.

• No specific legal support to deal with offences related to medicinal plants

• Lack of financial support, lack of transparency in collection and trade

• Trade is unorganised, controlled by informal sector, custodian has no material stake

• No organised production/distribution of planting material, quality testing, processing,

marketing and certification facilities are available.

Opportunity
• Area rich in biodiversity, fifth largest supplier of medicinal plant, R&D institutions for
support

• Opportunities in research of threatened & commercial species, training of stake holders,

community participation, serving vaidyas, ISM practitioners, herbal manufacturing
industries

• Ample area available for production of medicinal plants

Threats

• Loss of traditional knowledge and bio-piracy

• Unorganised sector, lack of extension activities, destruction of habitat by diversification of

forest and agricultural land for non-forestry purpose

• No specific measures for promotion of medicinal plant sector at commercial level

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 Sub-sectors Strength Weakness Opportunity Threats
Raw Materials National Insufficient supply Diversification of Destruction of
initiative on of local raw herbal-based products herbal
promoting materials; (body care and beauty resources due
herbal plantation Unknown exact products, cosmetics, to
Availability of a location of species health foods, herbal unsustainable
wide & diverse Information on soil drugs etc.); logging
base of herbal suitability for Domesticating wild activities and
plants called as herbal plants is plants in nurseries agriculture
“herbal garden currently not through mass development,
of the world” available. propagation, in vitro etc.;
Increasing R&D culture, etc.; Risk of losing
interest & Establishing herbal potential herbal
support for plantations at a large species through
herbal products; scale; and forest fire and
Latest Bio-prospecting. illegal logging;
government Commercializa
policy to utilize tion may lead
idle land. to over
exploitation;
IPR issues
Processing Vast traditional Production efforts Development of new High overhead
knowledge by concentrated on a and improved and production
local inhabitants small scale products based on costs may limit
on herbal industry; herbal plants; involvement;
preparation ; Lack of capital Development of new and
Availability of investments on and improved Absence of
Good production processing and private-led
Manufacturing facilities; packaging to produce laboratory to
Practice (GMP) Lack of higher quality conduct
factories technological base products; analysis on
for production; and Setting up of aprivate- pesticides
Poor adherence to led laboratory for bio- contamination
set quality control chemicalanalysis; and and nutritional
measures and values.
GMP standards.

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Marketing Acceptance and Absence of clear Government effort to Export barriers;
increasing investment and promote products Competing
demand of marketing Affordable medicines Herbal
herbal-based strategies; and food supply; products from
products for Inadequate Investment potentials; other countries;
health care, penetration to the and and
pharmaceutical overseas market; Ready market for Lack of
and cosmetics; and herbal products. Diagnostic
Tapping the Inadequate effort treatment by
BIMP-EAGA to explore e-herbal. the suppliers.
markets; and
Tapping
Southeast Asian
markets.
Transportation Existing State Insufficient Improvement of Inadequate
and central roads infrastructure existing facilities; and good roads in
to the interior facilities; and High Development of new some areas.
areas; and transportation infrastructures
National costs.
Highway.
Technology Existing Inadequate skilled Developing supporting
technical and manpower; industries such
laboratory Lacking efforts in as information
support from incorporating technology,
established technological management and
research knowledge with other support and
institutions cultural and
anecdotal
knowledge; and
Inaccessibility of
entrepreneurs to
technology know
how.

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 Chapter 2 :
Establishment of Processing Canters
for Preferred Medicinal Plant verities

Need of the project :

Chhattisgarh is the paradise for herbs used in Ayush sector. The annual trade
related to NWFP is about 300 Crores. 44 % of the geographical area is under forest cover.
Chhattisgarh has tremendous scope for collection , cultivation , vale addition and processing
related to the medicinal plants.

Presently most of the raw herbs are exported from the state to the
manufacturer and trader of the other state . The collection from the forest is unregulated ,
various middleman are sourcing the herbs from rural market and by collecting herbs from
door to door. This unregulated trade leads to loss of quality of herbs, destructive
harvesting, lower price to the collectors, and loss of revenue to state exchequer.

Activity under the project

 The processing center for following herbs will be established near the production
area.
 Aonla
 Bael
 Satavar
 Gudmar
 Kalmegh
 Serpgandha
 Ashwagandha
 Aloe vera
 Safed Mushali
Benefit from the project

➢ The processing centre will process the herbs which are cultivated in that area or
collected from the forest .

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 ➢ The processing centre will decrease the transit losses increase the value and increase
the supply of ready to use consumer herbal products.

➢ The centers will create additional source of income and employment in rural sector.

The new manufacturing units will be established to facilitate the processing of

collected material and cultivated herbs under the national mission on medicinal plants.
Under the National Mission on Medicinal Plants about 1000 acres of land per year will be
brought under cultivation. So the proposed unit will be established in different area under the
forest division. Most of the herbs requires the drying and pulverizing operations. The
proposed processing units will process not only the selected herbs as above but also other
medicinal plants.
Status Of Exiting Processing Center In Forest Department :
The herbal processing center have vary primary facilities for processing of herbs.
Most units are having pulverize and packing units only. Most of the units are not GMP
certified. All the herbal products manufactured in this units are marketed under common
brand name “ CG Herbals “ and sold by Sanjivani retail outlets of Chhattisgarh minor
forest produce ( T & D ) Federation Ltd.. . New units are to be established to facilitate the
value addition, processing of the herbs.

SN. Type of Processing Name of dist Name of processing

Center union center
1 Herbal processing center Katghora Doganala
East Raipur Gariyaband
Jashpur Panchhakki
Narayanpur Bhakharapadha
North Sarguja Kudargarh
South Sarguja Pratappur
Sukma Sukma
Jagdalpur Aasna
Dhamatari Dugali
Mahasamund Mahasamund
Marvahi Kevanchi
2 Aonla processing center Udanti Udanti
Dhamatari Dugali

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 Chapter 3
Preferred Medicinal Plants Species for Processing
Aonla

DESCRIPTION
Local name : Amla
Botanical name : Emblica officinalies Linn.
Family : Euphorbiaceae
SANSKRIT : Amalaki, Dhatri, Vayastha,
English : Indian gooseberry, Gooseberry
Hindi : Amalak, Amla
Useful part : fruit.
HABIT
A medium sized deciduous tree grows up to 25 meters in
height. Leaves simple, sub sessile, many, closely
arranged along the thin soft branch lets. Thus it gives
false appearance as compound leaf. Flowers greenish
yellow, in leaf axils, unisexual, fruit globosely, fleshy,
greenish yellow, with 6 vertical compartments. Seed 6
faced, stony hard when ripe.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES
Plant pacifies vitiated tridos has, constipation, stomatitis,
jaundice, disorders of vision, fever, cough, wheezing,
cardiac disorders

0
18
About the Species
A small to medium sized deciduous tree, 8-18m. in height with crooked trunk and
spreading branches. Leaves simple, sub sessile; flower greenish-yellow; fruit nearly spherical
pale yellow with6 vertical furrows. A moderate-sized deciduous tree found wild or planted
throughout the deciduous forests of tropical India and on hill slopes up to 2000m.
 Soil and climate
Amla can be grown in light as well as heavy soils except purely sandy soil. Calcareous
soil with rocky substratum can also be good. However, well drained fertile loamy soil is the
best for higher yield. The plant have capacity for adaptation to dry regions and can also grow
in moderately alkaline soils. It is grown extensively under tropical condition. Annual rainfall
of 630-800 mm have given good yield. The young plants up to the age of 3 years should be
protected from hot wind during May- June and from frost during winter months.
The mature plants can tolerate freezing temperature as well as temperature up to 460C.
Nursery Raising and Planting Amla is generally propagated through seeds, but seed
propagated trees bear inferior quality fruits and have a long gestation period. Shield budding
is done on one year old seedlings with buds collected from superior strains yielding big size
fruits. Older trees of inferior types can be rejuvenated and easily changed into superior type
by top working.
The pits are prepared during May-June at a distance of 4.5 m spacing and should be
left for 15-20 days exposed to sunlight. Each pit should be filled with surface soil mixed with
15 kg farm yard manure and one kg of super phosphate before planting the grafted seedling.
 Weeding and hoeing
Weeding & Hoeing is required in nursery.
Manures, fertilisers and pesticides
The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers and use of pesticides.
Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost, Green Manure etc. may
be used as per requirement of the species. To prevent diseases, bio-pesticides could be
prepared (either single or mixture) from Neem (kernel, seeds & leaves), Chitrakmool,
Dhatura, Cow's urine etc.

19
  Irrigation
Amla plants hardly require irrigation during monsoon. Young plants require watering during
summer months at 15 days interval till they have fully established. Watering of mature fruit
bearing plants is advised during summer months at bi-weekly intervals to increase fruit set
and to reduce fruit drop. It responds very well to drip irrigation. After the monsoon rains,
during October-December about 25-30 litres of water per day per tree through drips should be
given.
 Harvesting 

Amla seedlings start bearing fruits in 7-8 years after planting, while the budded clones will
start bearing fruits from the 5th year onwards. The fruits are light green at first, but when
they mature become dull greenish yellow. Best harvesting time of Amla fruits is February
when the fruits have maximum ascorbic acid content. In South India, fruits are found
throughout the year. The mature fruits are hard and they do not fall for gentle touch and
therefore vigorous shaking is required. Forgetting attractive prices fruits after harvest should
be made into different grades depending on the size. Fruits can also be harvested using long
bamboo poles attached with hooks. A matured tree of about 10 years will yield 50-70 kg of
fruit. The average weight of the fruits is 60-70 g. One kg contains about 1`5-20 number of
fruits. A well maintained tree will be yielding up to an age of 70 years. The yield increases
year by year up to 50 years. The 8-year old plantation of one hectare will yield 20-25 tons of
fruits with a cost of production of Rs.34,000 per-ha. The rate for a kg of fruit Rs.15-30.

Post Harvesting and Processing Method ;

Harvested fresh Amla fruits are first sun dried on a cemented floor/mat/cloth for 2 days
to make them soft after which the fruits rind is removed manually with the help of SS knife,
which will improve the powder colour, cut into pieces and sun dried for 7-8 days till they
develop reddish tint colour. It takes 4-5 days for drying in case of solar drier.
In the traditional method, the fruits are boiled for 5-10 minutes to make the pericarp
soft, Fruits are also blanched in boiling water for 5-6 minutes. But boiling destroys nutritive
value of fruits. Therefore, steam boiling is preferable in this case, the fruits are stem boiled for
3-6 minutes in a bamboo basket/ perforated pot put on a n earthen pot with water which is
boiled, The steam boiled fruits are depulped and fruit rind cut into pieces and dried, The dried
fruit rind is further powdered with the pulverizer to obtain higher price, In case a case,

20
powder is sieved to remove lumps and ungrounded material. Boiled Amla breaking machine
for preparing Amla petha and Amla juice extractors are also available in the market.
Packaging and Storage
Well dried fruit rind is packaged in high gauge HMHD bags or woven sacks with LD
line. For ratail sale, fruit rind is also packaged in 400 gauge polyethylene or polypropylene
pouches and sealed, Fruit powder is packaged in air tight HDPE containers and stored in cool
and dry place, The fruit rind should be sold within one year. Corrugated fibre board box with
news paper liner is most suitable packaging container during transportation of fresh Amla
fruits.
 About Mission Aonla :
To create awareness about Aonla and increasing the use of Aonla products National
Medicinal Plants Board New Delhi has Sanction a project of “ Aonla Campaign “. Under
the project 12.00 Lakh saplings of Aonla will be planted in 7 Blocks of 6 Districts. The
plantation /distribution will be done at the land available with schools, colleges, Govt & Semi-
Govt institutions, Ayush Organisation, and frees distribution the farmers to be planted in
their private land . The project cost of the project for three years project is Rs. 261.00 Lakhs.
Under the project publicity campaign by organizing rallies , print and electronic media
advertisement is proposed. The project is implemented in association of NGOs and forest
division office of the concerning area. The processing units are also proposed in the project
for processing the Aonla.

Production under Mission Aonla :

SN. District Block No of sapling Estimated production
planted in after 5 years in ( lakhs
lakhs Qntl )
1 Raipur Kasdol 1.71 1.71
2 Raipur Dharsiva 1.71 1.71
3 Kabhirdham Bodla 1.71 1.71
4 Mahasamundra Mahasamund 1.71 1.71
5 Bilaspur Kota 1.71 1.71
6 Durg Durg 1.71 1.71
7 Raigarh Gharghoda 1.71 1.71
Total 1200000 12.00

21
  Plantation under National Mission on Medicinal Plants
Under The National Mission on medicinal plants 100 Acres of Aonla is proposed to
be planted in the Aonla producing area during 2009-10 . The per acre yield is about
100 qntl per year after 8th year.
 Herbal Products based on Aonla
Herbs Products
Aonla 1. Aonla Sweet candy
2. Aonla Honey Candy
3. Aonla masala Candy
4. Namkeen aonla Laccha
5. Aonla Supari
6. Aonla Ladoo
7. Chyawanprass
8. Aonla Juice
9. Aonla Squash
10. Aonla Achar
11. Aonla Murabba
12. Aonla Chatani
13. Aonla Sauf
14. Aonla Ajwain
15. Aonla Oil
16. Aonla Eye Drop
17. Dry aonla
18. Green Aonla ( Paked )
19. Vitamin C Capsule
20. Aon la Pachak

 Demand and Supply Scenario

Name of herb Aonla

Average National Demand * 160000 (Qtnl)

Average National Supply * 85990 (Qtnl)

Production potential in CG State ** 31000( Qtnl)

Price per Kg in Rs. 35/

Value in lakhs 1085.00

*As Per FRLHT Database : Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India 2008
** As per Market survey report 2006 by CGMFPLTD Raipur

22
  Current and future supply of Aonla

SN Particular Supply in Qtnl

1
From Wild collection 31000 Qntl
2 From Exiting cultivation 750 Qtnl
3 From Aonla mission 1000 Qtnl
4 From cultivation under National 200 Qtnl
Mission on Medicinal plants

 Collection & Cultivation areas in Chhattisgarh and name of the forest division
proposed for establishment of processing unit.

SN. Name of Herb Name of Forest Division

1 Aonla East Sarguja, Manendragarh, South Surguja, Bastar,

Dhamtari, Kabirdham, Bijapur, Kanker, Sukma, Khairagarh,
East Raipur ,Durg ,Mahasamundra, Bilaspur

 List of Traders .
1. Anant Drug House, Sihava Road, Dhamtari,
2. Rokariya Traders, Near Haddi Godam , Dhamtari.
3. M/s Hanif Khan, Sankra Nagari Road, Dhamtari
4. Mr. Ramdayal Jaiswal, Kishor Kirana store Bijapur
5. Haji Hamid Bhai, Salim Traders, Rajapara, Kanker.
6. Shri Bhomraj Jain, main Road, Sambalpur, Bhanupratappur.
7. Ratnesh Nunia, Kalika Nagar, Kawardha, Chhattisgarh
8. M/s Ibrahim smile company, Main Road, Basana Mahasamund
9. Hamid Bhai, Gariyaband, Raipur.
10. Ramlal Bais, Arvind Traders, Main Road, Sukma
11. Mohammad Iliyas, Infront of Masjid, Bastar

23
Financial Requirement for the project of Aonla
SN. Particular Approx. Cost
in Lakhs
1 Land 5 Acer for Cultivation and processing unit of Rs. 26 lakh* 5 Acer 130.00
Aonla
2 Pump & Bore well and overhead tank 1.50
3 Electricity 0.50
4 Furniture & fixture 0.75
5 Computer & other equipment 1.00
6 Working Capital for center 3.00
7 Packing ,sealing and weighing m/c and containers 2.00
8 Building, drying platform , store room, guard room 6.25
9 Boiler 5.00
10 Kadhai/ cooker 0.80
11 Vacuum cleaner 2.00
12 Pulp machine 0.80
13 Godai Machine 0.50
14 Cutting Machine 0.50
15 Juicer 2.00
16 Grinder 0.50
17 Dry Machine 1.50
18 Pulveriser 0.40
19 Material handling instrument (Drum, Ganja, Gas) 1.00
20 Total for one center 160.00
21 Number of processing centers for Aonla 33
Total Cost for Aonla processing 5280.00

Photographs of Plants & Machineries : Annexure 1

24
Bael

DESCRIPTION
Local Name : Bael
Botanical name : Aegle marmelos Linn. Corr.
Family : Rutaceae
Sanskrit : Vilva,
English : Bael tree, Holy Fruit tree
Hindi : Bilva
Useful part : Leaves, Root, Fruits
HABIT
Medium sized thorny deciduous tree grows up to 10 meters in
height. Leaves trifoliate, aromatic, and alternate. Leaflets are
ovate­lanceolate. Lateral leaflets are sub sessile and terminal
long petioled. Flowers are greenish white, found in auxiliary
panicles. Fruits are globose woody berry with yellow pulp. Seeds
are numerous, oblong and embedded in pulp.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES
Plant pacifies vitiated kapha, vata, body pain, poison, diarrhea,
dysentery, vomiting, and intermittent fever. Pulp of unripe fruit
is constipating whereas that of ripened fruit is laxative. Leaves
cure diabetes, cough, inflammation andasthma.

25
About The Species
It is a deciduous tree, 6.0 to 10 m in height and 0.9 to 1.2 m in girth, with straight,
sharp, auxiliary thorns and trifoliate aromatic leaves. The stem bark is bluish grey, 4- 8 mm
thick, shallowly furrowed and corky. Flowers 3 cm in diam., greyish-white, sweet scented,
stalked. Fruit large about 15 cm diam., globbose, ovoid and 8-15 celled. The tree is a native of
India and is found wild throughout the Indian Peninsula, in dry hilly places ascending to 1200
m in the western Himalaya.

 Soil and climate

Good sandy loam soil, sunny situation, warm humid climate are suitable for cultivation of this
plant.
 Nursery raising and planting
Bael is generally propagated by seeds. Sowing is done in June or July. The development of
seedlings is very slow. They require at least a year in the nursery to be fit for transplanting.
They should be transplanted in rainy season, the stem is ordinarily 5-7 cm tall with 3-5 leaves,
and the taproot, 20-25 cm long. It is also propagated by root cuttings and stem cuttings
treating with IBA (4000 ppm) using quick dip method. Seedlings or budded plants are
transplanted in the field at a spacing of 10-12 m. Budded plants start bearing fruits at the age
of 4-5 years, whereas seedling trees require 7-8 years.

 Thinning and weeding

It requires attention during first year when they are well manured and weeded after the rains.
 Manures, fertilisers and pesticides
The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers and use of
pesticides. Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost, Green Manure
etc. may be used as per requirement of the species. To prevent diseases, bio-pesticides could
be prepared (either single or mixture) from Neem (kernel, seeds & leaves), Chitrakmool,
Dhatura, Cow's urine etc.
 Irrigation
The field after plantation should be irrigated periodically as and when required
weekly or fortnightly.

26
  Yield
The average yield is 300-400 fruits per tree. The quality of fruits is greatly associated
with the weight and size of the seed-sacs. The larger and heavier the seed sacs, the
greater is the amount of mucilage and poorer the quality.

 Economics
The rate for a kg. of fruit pulp ranges from Rs. 60-80.
 Harvesting
The fruits are deep green initially and become yellow gradually at ripening. The fruits
are harvested along with it's a portion of fruiting stalk as it serves as a signal of ripening
as it is easily detached only in the ripe fruits. The fruits require about a year for ripening.
 Post Harvesting and Processing Method ;

The hard woody coat of green and unripe Bael fruits is removed after collection and
then cut into small pieces and dried in the sun preferably on a cement platform or on a clean
cloth spread on a mat or cot. In no case, the cut pieces be dried directly on the ground, the
dried pieces are further pulverized for value addition. The sticky mucilage of immature Bael
fruits is also used for varnish and for adding brilliancy to water colour paints. In such a case,
the sticky mucilage is separated from pulp before drying.
 Packaging and Storage
The harvested fruits can be stored in cold storage up to 3 months. Properly dried pieces
are packaged in woven sack. the pulverized pulp powder is packaged in HDPE containers and
stored in cool and dry place.

 Herbal Products based on Bael

Herbs Products
Bael 1. Bail murabba,
2. Bail sarbat,
3. Bail candy,
4. Bail powder,
5. Bail Juice
Present and future status of supply
SN Particular Supply in Qtnl
1 From Wild collection 15600 Qntl
2 From Exiting cultivation 0 Qtnl
4 From cultivation under National 1000 Qtnl ( 100 Acre )
Mission on Medicinal plants

27
Demand and Supply Scenario
Name of herb Bael

Average National Demand * 35000(Qtnl)

Average National Supply * 18930(Qtnl)

Production potential in CG State ** 15600( Qtnl)

Price per Kg in Rs. 25/

Value in lakhs 390

*As Per FRLHT Database : Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India 2008
** As per Market survey report 2006 by CGMFPLTD Raipur

 Collection & cultivation areas in Chhattisgarh and name of the forest division
proposed for establishment of processing unit.

SN. Name of Herb Name of Forest Division

1 Beal Marvahi ,East Sarguja, Baikunthpur, North Kondagaon,

South Kondagaon, Narayanpur, Bilaspur, Rajnaongaon

 List of Traders .
1. Anant Drug House, Sihava road, Dhamtari
2. Shri Ashraf Rokadiya, Jagdalpur road, Dhamtari
3. Mr. Rajendra Prasad Agrawal, Power House Road, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja
4. Mohammad Rafiq Khatri, Borgaon Kabristan ke pass Main Road, Keshkal
5. Mr,. Suresh Agrawal, Main Chowk, Pratappur Surguja
6. Mohammad Usuf Khan, Bazar Road, Pratappur surguja.
7. Shri Neelam Chand Jain, Geedam , Dantewada
8. Shri Ranu Lal Sancheti, Gurudev Traders Main Road, Kondagaon, Bastar
9. Shri Shyam Somani , Chandan Trading Co. Sanjay Market Jagdalpur
10. Shri Vinod Bhai Diwan, Matangi Bhavan, main Road, Narayanpur

28
Financial Requirement for the project Bael

Approx. Cost in
SN. Particular
Lakhs
1 Land 5 Acer for Cultivation and processing unit Rs. 26 Lakh * 5Acer 130.00
of Bael
2 Pump & Bore well and overhead tank 1.50
3 Electricity 0.50
4 Furniture & fixture 0.75
5 Computer & other equipment 1.00
6 Working Capital for center 3.00
Packing ,sealing and weighing m/c and
2.00
7 containers
8 Building, drying platform , store room, guard 6.25
room
9 Boiler 5.00
10 Kadhai/ cooker 0.80
11 Vacuum cleaner 2.00
12 Pulp machine 0.80
13 Godai Machine 0.50
14 Cutting Machine 0.50
15 Juicer 2.00
16 Grinder 0.50
17 Dry Machine 1.50
18 Pulveriser 0.40
19 Material handling instrument (Drum, Ganja, 1.00
Gas)
20 Total for one center 160.00
21 Number of processing centers for Bael 33
Total Cost for Bael processing 5280.00

Photographs of Plants & Machineries : Annexure 1

29
Serpgandha

DESCRIPTION

Local name : Serpgandha

Botanical name : Rauvolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. ex Kurz.
Family : Apocynaceae
SANSKRIT : Sarpagandha, Chandrika, Nakuli, Sarpadani,
Kukkudi, Raktatrika
English : Indian snake root. Serpentine root.
Hindi : Chandrabhaga, Chota chand
Useful part : Root, Leaves

HABIT

A small erect shrub grows up to 60 cm in height. Leaves simple, in a

whorl of three, thin, acuminate, oblong­lancelet; flowers white,
streaked with violet, found in cymes, fruits green drupes, become dark
purple when ripe. Roots, cylindrical, yellowish brown and tortuous.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES

Plant pacifies vitiated kapha, vata, hypertension, insanity, epilepsy,

insomnia, wounds, fever, colic and urinary retention, in controlled
dose. Overdose cause giddiness and is toxic.

30
Cultivation:

 Soil and climate

The plant requires slightly acidic to neutral soils for good growth with medium to deep well
drained fertile soils. Clay-loam to silt-loam soils, rich in organic content are suitable for its
commercial cultivation. It grows well in frost-free tropical to subtropical situations under
irrigation.
 Nursery raising & planting
The crop can be propagated by seed, stem cutting and root cuttings. Seed propagation is the
best method for raising commercial plantation. By root cutting: Nearly 5 cm long root cutting
are planted during spring season closely in nursery beds containing well matured FYM, sand
and saw-dust. The beds are kept moist through watering. The cuttings begin to sprout within 3
weeks. These can be planted in field during rainy season after 8 to 10 cm rains are received;
the seedlings are transplanted at 45 cm row to row and 30 cm plant to plant distance. In this
manner, an estimated 100 kg of root cuttings are found sufficient for planting one hectare
area. By stem cuttings: Hard wooded stem cutting measuring 15 to 22 cm are closely planted
during June in the nursery beds where continuous moisture is maintained. After sprouting and
giving out roots, these plants are transplanted in the main field at given spacing. By root
stumps: About 5 cm of roots, intact with a portion of stem above the collar, are directly
transplanted in the field having irrigation facilities. By seed: Seed germination in Rauvolfia is
highly variable. It is reported to vary from 5 to 30 percent even when only heavy seeds are
chosen for sowing purpose. Light and heavy seeds can easily be separated by simple water
flotation. Germination of heavy seeds during May-June after soaking them in water for 24
hours was 20-40 percent and 62.77 percent germination was recorded in freshly collected
heavy seed lot. In all, 6 kg of seeds are sufficient to raise one-hectare plantation.
In Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, April end, in West Bengal first week of May or
little later, and in Jammu & Dehradun during third week of May are found to be most suitable
time for sowing seed in the nursery. The nursery is prepared by raised beds of 10x10 m.
dimension under partial shade made up of one-third of well matured FYM and leaf mould,
and two-thirds amount medium of silt-loam soil. About 500 sq m. seed bed area is sufficient
for raising seedlings enough for planting one hectare land. The seeds sown, 2-3 cm apart in

31
rows in shallow furrows during April end. The furrows are then covered with a fine mixture
of soil and FYM. Keep the beds just moist by light watering. Germination starts after 15-20
days and continues up to 30 to 40 days. Seedlings are ready by mid-July for transplanting. The
seedlings are transplanted at 30 cm distance within the rows spaced at 45 cm. If rains are not
received during or immediately after transplantation irrigation is necessary for better stand.
Rauvolfia is long duration (18 months) and slow growing crop particularly in
the initial stage; thus different intercrops have been tried.

 Manures, fertilizers and pesticides

The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers and use of
pesticides. Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost, Green Manure
etc. may be used as per requirement of the species. To prevent diseases, bio-pesticides could
be prepared (either single or mixture) from Neem (kernel, seeds & leaves), Chitrakmool,
Dhatura, Cow's urine etc.

 Irrigation
Rauvolfia, if grown in areas which receive rainfall of 150 cm or above well distributed
throughout the growing season such as in Assam and Kerala, can be raised and rain fed crop
under subtropical conditions. It need regular irrigation where temperature rise high combined
with low rain fall during rainy season. It is suggested that 15 to 16 irrigations, amounts to
irrigation at 20 days interval in summer and at 30 days interval in winter.

 Weeding
The Rauvolfia field should be kept relatively weed-free in the initial period of growth. This
means giving two to three weeding and two hoeing in the first year where sole Rauvolfia crop
is taken or 5-6 weeding where intercrops in Rauvolfia are practiced.

 Yield
On an average, root yield vary from 15 to 25 q/ha of dry weight under irrigation
depending upon soil fertility, crop stand and management.

 Harvesting/post-harvesting
Root yields at different age and season have showed that 18 months duration crop
produce maximum root yield. Transplanting is done in July, the harvesting period coincides
32
with the shedding of leaves during early autumn season next year. At this stage, the roots
contain maximum concretion of total alkaloids. At harvest the root may be found to go up to
40 cm deep in the soil. Harvesting is done by digging up the roots and thin roots are also
collected. After digging the roots are cleaned, washed and cut into 12 to 15 cm pieces for
convenience in drying and storage. The dry roots possess upto 8-10 per cent of moisture. The
dried roots are stored in polythene lined gunny bags in cool dry place to protect it from mould.

 Post Harvesting and Processing Method ;

The aerial parts separated from the roots and thoroughly washed preferably in running
water to get rid of adhering soil and cut into pieces of 10-15 cm long and dried in the sun for
8-10 days. It takes 5-6 days for drying in solar driers. Roots are also pulverized on prior
market arrangement.

 Packaging and Storage

Well dried roots are usually packaged in clean gunny bags for short period and
periodically sunned in case of delay in disposal. It is also packaged in woven sacks. Root
powder is packaged in air tight HDPE containers and kept in a cool and dry place.

 Herbal Products based on Serpgandha

Herbs Products
Serpgandha Powder

 Present and future status of supply

SN Particular Supply in Qtnl
1 From Wild collection 1200 Qntl
2 From Exiting cultivation 400 Qtnl (50 Acre )
4 From cultivation under National 800Qtnl ( 100 Acre )
Mission on Medicinal plants

33
  Demand and Supply Scenario
Name of herb Serpgandha
Average National Demand * 3500 (Qtnl)

Average National Supply * 1200 (Qtnl)

Production in CG State ** 1200 (Qtnl)

Price per Kg in Rs. 120/

Value in Lakhs 144/

*As Per FRLHT Database : Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India
** As per Market survey report 2006 by CGMFPLTD Raipur
 Collection & Cultivation areas in Chhattisgarh and name of the forest division
proposed for establishment of processing unit.

SN. Name of Herb Name of Forest Division

1 Serpgandha Bilaspur, Bastar, Kanker, Dantewada

 List of Traders .
1. Anant drug House, Sihava Road, Dhamtari
2. Mr. Ashraf Rokadiya, Haddi Godam ke pass Dhamtari
3. Mr. Shyam Somani, Chandan Trading Co. Sanjay Market Jagdalpur

34
Financial Requirement for the project Serpgandha
SN. Particular Approx. Cost
in Lakhs
1 Land 5 Acer for Cultivation and processing unit of Rs. 26 lakh * 5 Acer 130.00
Serpgandha
2 Pump & Bore well and overhead tank 1.50
3 Electricity 0.50
4 Furniture & fixture 0.75
5 Computer & other equipment 1.00
6 Working Capital for center 1.00
7 Packing ,sealing and weighing m/c and containers 2.00
8 Building, drying platform , store room, guard room 6.25
9 Dry Machine 1.50
10 Pulveriser 1.40
11 Material handling instrument (Drum, Ganja, Gas) 1.10
12 Total for one center 150.00
13 Number of processing centers for Serpgandha 33
Total Cost for Serpgandha processing 4950.00

Photographs of Plants & Machineries : Annexure 2

35
Ashwagandha

DESCRIPTION
Local name : Ashw : agandh
Botanical name : Withania somnifera (Linn.). Dunal
Family : Solanaceae
SANSKRIT A:svagandh,aVarahakarni,Vajigand,h
Vaarahik,a
English : Winter cherry
Hindi : Asgandh , Punir
Useful part : Root and Leaves

HABIT

An erect branching shrub grows up to 150 cm in height. rLeeaovaestea

and alternate, up to 10 cm long. Flowers are greenish orhgyreelelonw is
arises from leaf axils. Fruits galroeboseberries, become reddish orange
when mature and closed by the persistent calyx. Roots a,re fleshy
cylindrical and tapering towards the end with whitish graen ydcopluore
white inside.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES

Plant pacifies vitiatevdata, nerve weakness, impotenoclyig,ospermiand

arthritis. The roots are aphrodisiac and stimulant, wideinly used
rejuvenateayurvedicformulae. Plant has imm-usntiemulant action
.

36
Cultivation technique :

 SOIL AND CLIMATE

W. somnifera grows well in sandy loam or light red soil, having pH 7.5-8.0 with good
drainage. It can be cultivated between 600-1200 m altitude. The semi-tropical areas receiving
500-750 mm rainfall are suitable for cultivation of this rained crop. The crop requires dry
season during its growing period. Temperature between 200C to 350C is most suitable for
cultivation. Late winter rains are conducive for the proper development of the plant roots

 Land preparation
Ashwagandha is usually grown in fields which are not well covered by the irrigation
systems. The field on which food crops cannot be taken profitably for the above reason may
be used for Ashwangandha cultivation. The soil of the field selected for Ashwagandha
cultivation is well pulverized by ploughing, disking and/or harrowing. The field may be then
levelled by the application pata.

 Nursery raising and planting

The crop can be sown either by broad casting or in lines. Live to line method is
preferred as it in creases root production and also helps in performing intercultural practices
properly. The seeds are usually sown about 1-3 cm deep in June- July in nursery. A light
shower after shower after sowing ensures good germination. About 500-750 gm seeds are
sufficient for 1 ha. field. Seeds can be treated, with Thiram or Indofil or Dithane medicinal
plants - 45 (@ 3 gm/kg seed), before sowing to protect seedlings from seed borne diseases.
The seedling after 25-35 days after sowing can be transplanted in the field marinating 60 x 60
cm. Spacing between the plants & the rows. It may be noted that since 'Asagnadh' is a rainy
season kharif crop, the time of sowing is decided by date of arrival of monsoon in that area
 Thinning and weeding
The seeds sown by broadcasting or in the line in furrows should be thinned out by hand
at 25-30 days after sowing to maintain a plant population of about 30-60 plants per square
meter (about 3.5 to 6 lakh plants/hectare). The plant density to be used may depend on the
nature and fertility of the soil. On the marginal land the population is kept high. If some
fertiliser (N:P:K::20:20:0) is applied then the population should preferably be kept at a lower
level. One hand weeding at an early stage is sufficient to enable the Ashwagandha plants to
take over the growth of weed which get suppressed by its smothering effect.

 Manures, fertilizers and pesticides

The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers and use of
pesticides. Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost, Green Manure
etc. may be used as per requirement of the species. To prevent diseases, bio-pesticides could
be prepared (either single or mixture) from Neem (kernel, seeds & leaves), Chitrakmool,
Dhatura, Cow's urine etc.

37
  Irrigation

Light shower after transplantation ensures establishment of seedlings. There is no need

of irrigation if rainfall is at regular intervals. Excessive rainfall/water is harmful to the crop.
Life saving irrigations may be applied, if required.

 Harvesting
The plants start flowering and bearing fruits from December onwards. The crop is
ready for harvest in January-March at 150 to 180 days after sowing. The maturity of crop is
judged by drying out of leaves and yellow red berries. The entire plant is uprooted for roots
which are separated from aerial parts by cutting the stem 1-2 cm above the crown. The roots
are then either cut transversely into small pieces (7 to 10 cm) or dried as it is in the sun. About
650-800 kg roots can be obtained from 1 ha on drying it comes to 350-435 kg. Berries are
hand plucked separately. They are dried and crushed to take out the seeds. The dried roots,
entire or transversely cut into smaller pieces, have to be further cleaned, trimmed and graded.
The roots are beaten with a club which removes adhering soil and breaks off the thin, brittle
lateral rootlets. Lateral branches, root crown and stem remains on roots are carefully trimmed
with the help of knife.

 Yield
On an average yield from one hectare land under commercial cultivation is approx 3- 5
quintals of dried roots and 50-75 kg seeds.

 Post Harvesting and processing and packaging:

Note: Market for medicinal plants is volatile and the economics may vary.
The roots are properly washed in water and transversely cut into smaller pieces of 7 to 10 cm.
length and dried under shade, After drying, the thin lateral rootlets are trimmed and the stem
portions over crown are also cut. The root pieces are hand sorted into 4 grades for better
marketing. The soil and dirt if present should be removed before grading. the dried roots are
also powdered by pulverizer on prior market tie up with buyer.
Grading
A Grade: This includes root pieces of 7 cm and above in length, cylindrical and about 1 to
cm diameter. The roots are smooth and light in colur with clear white starchy
fracturedsurface.
B Grade: Root pieces of 5 cm to below 7 cm length with 1 cm diameter are included in this
and brittle and white from in side.

38
C Grade: Root pieces of 3-4 cm length with diameter of 1.2 cm or less are included in this
category.
Lower Grade: Small Root pieces, yellowish inside and rarely exceeding 3 mm diameter are
lower grade.
 Packaging and Storage
Well dried root pieces are packaged in gunny bags or woven sacks according to grade
and root powder in air tight HDPE containers and stored in cool and dry place.
 Herbal Products based on Ashwagandha
Herbs Products
Ashwagandha Powder

 Present and future status of supply

SN Particular Supply in Qtnl
1 From Wild collection 3500 Qntl
2 From Exiting cultivation 400 Qtnl (50 Acre )
4 From cultivation under National 800Qtnl ( 100 Acre )
Mission on Medicinal plants

 Present and future status of supply

SN Particular Supply in Qtnl
1 From Wild collection 200 Qntl
2 From Exiting cultivation 50 Qtnl (25 Acre )
4 From cultivation under National 200 Qtnl ( 100 Acre )
Mission on Medicinal plants

 Demand and Supply Scenario

Name of herb Ashwagandha

Average National Demand * 35000 (Qtnl)

Production in CG State ** 200 (Qtnl)

Price per Kg in Rs. 65/

Value in Lakhs 13
*As Per FRLHT Database : Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India2008
** As per Market survey report 2006 by CGMFPLTD Raipur

39
  Collection & Cultivation areas in Chhattisgarh and name of the forest division
proposed for establishment of processing unit.

SN. Name of Herb Name of Forest Division

1 Ashwagandha Korba, Khairagarh, Kabirdham, Janjgir-

Chapa

 List of Traders .
1. Mr. Vinod Agrawal, Salhewara, Chhui khadan, Khairagarh
2. Pawan Kumar Agrawal, Murarka Market Gali, Korba

Financial Requirement for the project Ashwagandha

SN. Particular Approx. Cost in
Lakhs
Land 5 Acer for Cultivation and processing Rs. 26 Lakh * 5 Acer 130.00
unit of Ashwagandha
1 Pump & Bore well and overhead tank 1.50
2 Electricity 0.50
3 Furniture & fixture 0.75
4 Computer & other equipment 1.00
5 Working Capital for center 4.00
6 Packing ,sealing and weighing m/c and 2.00
containers
7 Building, drying platform , store room, guard 6.25
room
2 Dry Machine 1.50
3 Pulveriser 1.40
4 Material handling instrument (Drum, Ganja, 1.10
Gas, Chhanna etc.)
5 Total for one center 150.00
6 Number of processing centers for 33
Ashwagandha
Total Cost for Ashwagandha processing 4950.00

Photographs of Plants & Machineries : Annexure 2

40
Satavar

DESCRIPTION
Local Name : Satavari
Botanical name : Asparagus recemosus Wild.
Family : Liliaceae
Sanskrit : Satavari, Abhiru, Sahasravirya,
English : Wild asparagus
Hindi : Satavar, Satamuli
Useful part : Root

HABIT

A thorny, climbing under shrub with woody stems. Young stems

are very delicate, brittle and smooth, leaves are reduced to minute
scales and spines. Curved cladodes replaces the leaves. Flowers are
white fragrant, in simple or branched racemes. Fruits are globular,
or vaguely 3 lobbed, pulpy berries, purplish black when ripe,
seeds with hard and brittle testa. Roots are succulent and tuberous,
from 30 cm to 1 m in length, smooth and tapering at both ends.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES

Plant pacifies vitiated pitta, vata, leukorrhoea, stomach ache,

diarrhea, inflammation, burning sensation, excessive perspiration

41
  About The Species

The plant, Asparagus, is reputed to be a tonic and a geriatric. The tubers are anti
diarrhoetic, diuretic, nutritive, tonic, aphrodisiac, appetizer, and alterative. They are also
reported to increase [Link] addition, the plant is considered slightly sweet, and is useful
in the diseases of blood, kidney, liver, scalding urine, rheumatism, gleet, and gonorrhoea.
Shatavar is a scandent, much-branched, spinous under-shrub with tuberous roots. The
roots are fascicled, fleshy, spindle-shaped, light ash-coloured externally and white internally,
more or less smooth when fresh, but on drying, develop longitudinal wrinkles and lack any
well-marked odour. Branches are modified into cladodes with long basal decurved spines.
Flowers are white, fragrant, and minute, about 3 mm long and occur in solitary or
fascicled, 2.5–5 cm long, racemes. Fruit is a three-lobed, red coloured berry, up to 6 mm in
diameter, with mottled seeds and oily endosperm. Flowering and fruiting occur in December–
January.

Distribution

Shatavar is common throughout the tropical and subtropical regions, particularly

central India. It is also found up to an altitude of 1500 m in subtropical Himalayas. By nature,
the plant is xerophytic and prefers the semi-arid to subtropical, cool environment.

 Climate and soil

The plant prefers annual average rainfall of 600–1000 mm or less, of which 85% is
received during July to September. A well-drained fertile sandy-loam to clay-loam soil, with a
pH of 6–8 is best suited for its cultivation with staking support. Shatavar can be grown in
open land as well as under shade, but very high moisture levels result in rotting of root.
 Propagation material
Both seeds and crown rhizomes can be used for propagation. However, seeds are preferable
on account of high production that makes up for low germination percentage in cultivation.
Seeds may be collected from March to May when their colour changes from red to black.

42
Agro-technique
 Raising propagules-
Seeds are sown during the first week of June in well-prepared and raised nursery beds
containing good amount of FYM (farmyard manure). The beds should ideally be 10 m × 1
m in size. Seeds are sown in lines 5 cm apart and covered with a thin layer of fine sand. The
beds are lightly watered at regular intervals using a rose water cane.

Propagule rate and pretreatment –

About 7 kg of seeds are required for raising seedlings for 1 hectare of crop. The seeds of
satavar have a hard seed coat. To obtain early and higher germination percentage,
presoaking in water is required for softening the seed coat. Higher germination is also
achieved by soaking the seeds in cow urine for 24 hours. The germination commences after
20 days of sowing and is completed in 30 days.
 Planting
Land preparation and fertilizer
The land should be given a deep disc ploughing, followed by harrowing and
[Link] field is normally divided into plots, keeping one irrigation channel in between
two rows of plots. Ridges and furrows are made about 45 cm apart in the plots. About 10
tonnes of well-decomposed FYM is thoroughly mixed in the soil one month before
transplanting. Shatavar further requires a fertilizer dose of 60 kg nitrogen, 40 kg phosphate,
and 40 kg potash per hectare for optimum growth and higher tuberous root yield. One-third of
nitrogen and entire dose of phosphate and potash should be placed 10–12 cm deep in the rows
before transplanting. P Transplanting and optimum spacing The seedlings are ready for
transplanting after 45 days of sowing. These are transplanted in field at the onset of monsoon
in July. Ridges and furrows are made 45 cm apart and seedlings are transplanted on ridges,
keeping the plant-to-plant distance at 15 cm. The ridge method of transplanting is superior in
comparison to flat method. Optimum number of seedlings required per hectare using the
recommended spacing is about 150 000. P Intercropping system Shatavar is normally grown
as a monocrop, but it can be grown in inter spaces available in orchards having low light
[Link] need staking material, thus poles or shrubs serve for support.

43
Interculture and maintenance practices –

The balance two-third N is applied in two equal split doses at ridges during September
and in late February. The fertilizer is broadcast in between the rows and mixed in soil
followed by irrigation, if the soil is dry. Shatavar initially grows slowly for 60 days, which
keeps inter-row space virtually vacant, allowing easy weed growth. It is necessary to carry out
three weeding and
hoeing operations to keep the field free from weeds for initial two-month period. After two
months, Shatavar grows enough to cover the inter- row spaces and prevents weed growth.

Irrigation practices-

Water requirement of Shatavar crop is not much. It can be grown without irrigation in
areas that receive 800–1200 mm of well-distributed rainfall. Irrigating the field once
immediately after transplanting is a must for establishment of seedlings in field. The second
irrigation is done after seven days of seedling establishment. If there is no rainfall and dry
spell prevails for more than 15 days, one more irrigation should be given. During winters,
irrigation at 30-day intervals is enough for good growth. Irrigation should be done during seed
formation stage and before harvesting of the tuberous roots for obtaining higher seed yield
and easy digging of tuberous roots. Deficient soil moisture during March–June brings down
root yield significantly. Hence, three to four irrigations during this period are essential.
 Disease and pest control -No serious insects, pests, and disease have been reported in this
crop.

 Harvest management

Crop maturity and harvesting-

The crop matures in 12 months after planting; however, for seed harvesting, it is
recommended to be harvested only after 20 months. Rabi season, that is, November–
December, is the best time for harvesting tuberous roots when the above-ground parts start
turning pale yellow. The crop, when harvested in 12 months, yields about 4–5 tonnes/hectare,
while harvesting after 20 months yields about 6 tones/hectare of tubers along with 35
kg/hectare of seeds, which are not obtained in the 12-month-old crop.

44
  Yield and cost of cultivation- The tuberous root yields 10%–12% of dry matter after
removal of outer wall. An average shade-dried tuberous root yield of 3 tones per
hectare is obtained from 20-month-old plants under experimental conditions. A two-
and-a-half-year-old crop gives a dry yield of 4–5 tones per hectare. It gives a seed yield
of 30–35 kg/hectare., including land preparation, nursery raising, cost of planting
material, FYM, cost of transplanting, harvesting, peeling and processing for market,
and so on. The calculated yield of 20- month-old crop of Shatavar is 3 tones/hectare,
which can fetch net returns of approximately Rs 62 500/hectare. Dry root in 5–15 cm
×1–2 cm pieces are marketed as ‘A’ grade variety.
Market price: yellow variety – Rs 180–340 per kg;
White variety – Rs 35–40 per kg
 Post-harvest management
The harvested toots are thoroughly washed preferably in flowing water, Thereafter,
inner woody threads are removed by splitting the roots. The thin root barks are removed by
scraping with a knife or incising them. In the traditional method, the roots are also kept in a
bamboo basket on a pot of boiling water for five to ten minutes to facilitate easy removal of
thread and root bark. But this method is really not required when freshly collected roots are
peeled off. The roots are then dried in the shade for 8-10 days. The fresh roots loose about
90% of their weight after peeling and drying. In case of delay in peeling, it becomes
extremely difficult later on. Value addition of root powder enhances marketability and sale
and price. The roots get damaged within 3 to 4 months if root bark in not immediately
removed.
Packaging and Storage The processed roots are packaged in woven sacks and root powder
in air tight HDPE containers and stored in cool and dry place..
 Herbal Products based on Satavar
Herbs Products
Satavar 1. Satavar salad,
2. satavar soup concentrate,
3. satavar sweet
4. Satawar Chutney
5. Satawar powder

45
  Present and future status of supply
SN Particular Supply in Qtnl
1 From Wild collection 2600 Qntl
2 From Exiting cultivation 350 Qtnl (10 Acre )
4 From cultivation under National 3500 Qtnl ( 100 Acre )
Mission on Medicinal plants

 Demand and Supply Scenario

Name of herb Satavar

Average National Demand (Qtnl)* 35000

Average National Supply (Qtnl)* 4400

Production potential in CG State( Qtnl) ** 2600

Price per Kg in Rs. 70/

Value in lakhs 182.00

*As Per FRLHT Database : Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India2008
** As per Market survey report 2006 by CGMFPLTD Raipur
 Collection & Cultivation areas in Chhattisgarh and name of the forest division
proposed for establishment of processing unit :

SN. Name of Herb Name of Forest Division

1 Satavar East Surguja, South Kondagaon

 List of Traders .
1. Mr. Ajay Gupta, Ashish Marketing, ward No-12, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.
2. M/s. Satti Traders, Bazar Chowk, Powar House Road, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.
3. Mr. Rajendra Prasad Agrawal, Powar House Road, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.

46
 Financial Requirement for the project of Satavar (* Cost of land is extra )

SN. Particular Approx. Cost in

Lakhs
1 Land 5 Acer for Cultivation and processing unit Rs. 26 Lakh * 5 Acer 130.00
of Satavar
2 Pump & Bore well and overhead tank 1.50
3 Electricity 0.50
4 Furniture & fixture 0.75
5 Computer & other equipment 1.00
6 Working Capital for center 4.00
7 Packing ,sealing and weighing m/c and 2.00
containers
8 Building, drying platform , store room, guard 6.25
room
9 Dryer 1.50
10 Pulveriser 1.40
11 Material handling instrument (Drum, Ganja, 1.10
Gas)
12 Total for one center 150.00
13 Number of processing centers for Satawar 33
Total Cost for Satawar processing 4950.00

47
 Gurmar

DESCRIPTION

Local name : Gudmar

Botanical name : Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) [Link].
Family : Asclepiadaceae
SANSKRIT :Ajasringi, Meshasringi, Madhunasini.
English : Periploca of the woods
Hindi : Gud­mar, Merasingi
Useful part : Whole plant

HABIT

A large, woody climber. Leaves simple, opposite, elliptic, pointed at

the end; flowers small, yellow in umbellate cymes, auxiliary; fruits
slender, brownish follicles.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES

Plant pacifies vitiated vata, hepato­splenomegaly, renal and vesical

calculi, constipation, asthma and leukoderma.

48
  About the Species

Gurmar is hypoglycaemic, astringent, stomachic, antiperiodic, diuretic, tonic, and

refrigerant. It is used as a destroyer of glycosuria, and is believed to neutralize the excess
sugar present in the body. It is also used to treat other urinary disorders.

Gymnema is a gregarious woody climber, much branched, running over the tops of tall
trees. Young stems and branches are pubescent. Leaves are 3–5 cm long and upto 3 cm broad,
ovate-elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate, pubescent on both sides; base rounded or heart
shaped with 6–13 mm long pubescent petioles.

Flowers occur in umbellate cyme inflorescences. Calyx is pubescent, nearly divided to

the base. Corolla is yellow, tube campanulate with thick, ovate, and recurved lobes. Follicles
are up to 7.5 cm long and 1 cm broad, rigid, lanceolate, and attenuated into a beak. Seeds are
about 1.3 cm long, narrowly ovoid–oblong, flat, with a thin, broad, brown, and glabrous
marginal wing. Flowering occurs in October–January, while fruits mature from March to
May. The species occurs in all tropical zones of India and is a common climbing plant in
central and southern India.

The produce contains 7%–9.6% of gymnemic acid as active principle. Besides, alanine,
aminobutyric acid, isoleucine, valine, adenine, choline, gymnamine (alkaloid), and many
other ingredients are isolated from leaves.

 Climate and soil

The plant grows in tropical and subtropical humid climate. It is common in hills of
evergreen forests. Sandy loam soil is best for its cultivation. It may be cultivated on a variety
of soils including graveled soil.

 Propagation material
Terminal and auxiliary cuttings with three to four nodes from one-year-old plants are
the best planting material. Seed germination is poor; hence, plants are preferably raised
vegetatively through cuttings. Cuttings can be obtained throughout the year in moist humid

49
conditions of South India. In North and Central India, cuttings are preferably planted in
February–March.
 Agro-technique

Raising propagules-

Styrofoam trays or poly bags are filled with soil, sand, and FYM (farmyard manure) in
1:2:1 ratio, and terminal or auxiliary cuttings are planted in them. Vermi compost may be
used in place of FYM. February to March is the best season for planting the cuttings in
nursery, especially in North Indian conditions. The cuttings are placed under humid
conditions in shade houses or mist chambers for development of roots. Rooting is initiated
within a month of planting. Seed setting is poor in this species and the seeds show a maximum
germination percentage of 50%–55% when sown in soil mixed with vermicompost.

Propagule rate and pretreatment –

About 6700 rooted cuttings are required for plantation in 1 hectare of land. At 80%
survival, about 8400 cuttings would be required. The stem cuttings are dipped in IBA (indole
3-butyric acid;100 PPM [parts per million]) for six minutes before planting in the nursery to
promote rooting.

Planting in the field

Land preparation and fertilizer application- The field is ploughed to turn the soil and
make itweed-free. About 10 tonnes of FYM is mixed with the soil as a basal application at the
time of land preparation.

Transplanting and optimum spacing- The period between June and August is best for
transplanting the rooted plants in the field. An optimum spacing of 1 m × 1.5 m is
recommended for a crop stand of about 6700 plants per hectare. The rooted cuttings/seedlings
may be planted by crow bar method.

50
 Intercropping system- When the plants are young, green gram can be grown as an
intercrop. Alternatively, the crop can be raised beneath the tree species that serve as host or
staking for this twine.

Interculture and maintenance practices -About 10–12 tones/hectare of FYM or 250

kg of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in equal quantities) is applied as basal dose at
the time of land preparation. An additional equal dose may be added every year for
maximizing biomass production.

Irrigation practices -Irrigation is required at least once in a week during summer

season. Frequency may also depend on the soil moisture in winter. It may be limited to one
per month.

Disease and pest control- An aphid (Aphis sp.) is observed to attack the apical tender
parts of the plant during rainy season. However, if the damage is not severe, no control
measures are required. Use of chemical pesticides should be avoided since leaves are to be
regularly plucked for harvest.

Harvest management

Crop maturity and harvesting- Leaves that are about 30–40 days old can be plucked
for use, and harvesting can be done every three months. However, better yield is obtained
after one year of growth.

Yield and cost of cultivation- About 1250 kg of dry-weight leaves can be obtained per
hectare every three months. The approximate per hectare cost of cultivation is Rs 25
000/hectare.

Post-harvest management -Leaves are dried in shade and the dried leaves are packed
in polythene bags. The moisture content of the dry leaves should be less than 8% to prevent
deterioration.

51
  Packaging and Storage

The processed roots are packaged in woven sacks and root powder in air tight HDPE
containers and stored in cool and dry place..

 Herbal Products based on Gudmar

Herbs Products
Gudmar Powder

 Present and future status of supply

SN Particular Supply in Qtnl
1 From Wild collection 500 Qntl
2 From proposed cultivation in 4000 Qtnl (200 Acre )
Marvahi division

 Demand and Supply Scenario

Name of herb Gudmar

Average National Demand (Qtnl)* 7500

Average National Supply (Qtnl)* 2370

Production potential in CG State ** 500 ( Qtnl)

Price per Kg 50

Value in lakhs 25.00

*As Per FRLHT Database : Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India 2008
** As per Market survey report 2006 by CGMFPLTD Raipur
 Collection & Cultivation area in Chhattisgarh and name of the forest
division proposed for establishment of processing unit :

SN. Name of Herb Name of Forest Division

1 Gudmar East Surguja, Kabirdham,

Marvahi

52
  List of Traders .
1. Mr. Ajay Gupta, Ashish Marketing, ward No-12, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.
2. M/s. Satti Traders, Bazar Chowk, Powar House Road, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.
3. Mr. Rajendra Prasad Agrawal, Powar House Road, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.
4. Shri Krishna Prasad Gupta Kusami Surguja.

Financial Requirement for the project of Gurmar 

Approx.
SN. Particular Cost in
Lakhs
1 Land 5 Acer for Cultivation and processing unit of Gurmar Rs. 26 Lakh* 5Acer 130.00
2 Pump & Bore well and overhead tank 1.50
3 Electricity 0.50
4 Furniture & fixture 0.75
5 Computer & other equipment 1.00
6 Working Capital for center 4.00
7 Packing ,sealing and weighing m/c and 2.00
containers
8 Building, drying platform , store room, guard 6.25
room
9 Dry Machine 1.50
10 Pulveriser 1.40
11 Material handling instrument (Drum, Ganja, Gas, 1.10
)
12 Total for one center 150.00
13 Number of processing centers for Gurmar 33
Total Cost for Gurmar processing 4950.00

Photographs of Plants & Machineries : Annexure 2

53
Aloe Vera

DESCRIPTION
Local name : Ghikumari
Botanical name : Aloe vera (Linn.) Burm. (Aloe barbadensis
Mill)
Family : Liliaceae
SANSKRIT :Kumari, Grithakumari, Grihakanya
English : Aloe, Indian aloe
Hindi : Gheekaumar, Ghikumari
Useful part : Leaves juice.

HABIT

A perennial shrub with fleshy leaves and short stem. Leaves fleshy,
sessile, with prickles on margins; flowers in long spikes, fruits
capsules, often sterile. Reproduction by budding. Leave juice dried in
air is called elio.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES

Plant pacifies vitiated vata, pitta, amenorrhea, wounds, ulcers, burns,

colic, hepatitis, skin diseases, constipation, tumor, malignancy, low
back pain, edema, arthritis and general debility.

54
  About the Species

Aloe (Aloe vera ) is an important and traditional medicinal plant belonging to the
family Liliaceae. It is indigenous to Africa and Mediterranean countries. It is reported to grow
wild on islands of Cyprus, Malta, Sicily, Carary cape, Cape Verde and arid tracts of India.
This is a hardy perennial tropical plant that can be cultivated in drought areas. But its potential
is yet to be exploited. Aloe, despite being identified as 'a new plant resource with the most
promising prospects in the world', remains a disregarded plant. It is scattered in the wild,
along the coast of southern India. China, U.S.A., Mexico, Australia and some of the Latin
American countries are the major producers and exporters of aloe products. These countries
are exploiting the plant potential with the growing cosmetic and neutraceutical market. Aloe
can substitute synthetic ingredient used in cosmetic industry very competitively and is finding
increasing use in the ever growing consumer product segment.

In India, aloe is cultivated in Alwar in Rajasthan, Satanapalli in Andhra Pradesh,

Rajpipla in Gujarat and some parts of Tamil Nadu.

 Medicinal properties and uses

Aloe contains a mixture glucosides collectively called 'aloin', which is the active
constituent of the drug. Aloin and its gel are used as skin tonic, has cooling effect and
moisturizing agent and so it is used in preparation of creams, lotions, shampoos and allied
products. It is also used in gerontology and rejuvenation of aging skin. The aloin is
extensively used as active ingredient in laxative and anti obesity preparations. The products
prepared from aloe leaves have multiple properties such as emollient, purgative, antibacterial,
anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, antiseptic and cosmetic. The Food and Drug Administration of the
UAS has approved the developmental study of aloevera in the treatment of cancer and AIDS.

 Soils

The plant can be grown in a variety of soils ranging from sandy coastal soils to loamy
soils of plains. It is sensitive to water logged conditions. The crop also comes up well in light
soils. It can tolerate higher pH and high Na and K salts. Growth is faster under medium

55
fertile, heavy soils such as black cotton soils. In well drained, loam to coarse sandy loam in a
pH range upto 8.5, it grows well with higher foliage.

 Climate

Aloe has wide adaptability and can grow in various climatic conditions. It can be seen
growing equally good in warm humid or dry climate. However, it is intolerant to extreme
cool conditions. The plant flourishes well on dry sandy soils at localities with lower annual
rainfall of 50 to 300mm. It needs protection against frost and low winter temperature.

 Varieties

Commercially important sub-species are Aloe barbedensis, A. chinensis, A. perfoliata, A.

vulgaris, A indica, A. littoralis and A. abyssinica. National Botanical and Plant Genetic
Resource, ICAR, has released varieties like IC111271, IC111269, IC111280 etc. Central
Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, has also released the variety AL-1 for
cultivation.

 Propagation

It is generally propagated by root suckers or rhizome cuttings. For this purpose, medium sized
root suckers are chosen and carefully dug out without damaging the parent plant at the base
and directly planted in the main field.

It can also be propagated through rhizome cuttings. In this case, after the harvest of the crop,
the underground rhizome is also dug out and made in 5-6 cm length cuttings which should
have a minimum of 2-3 nodes on them. It is rooted in specially prepared sand beds or
containers and after starting sprouting, it is ready for transplanting. On an average, about
36500 suckers are required for a nursery of 1 ha size (14550 for 1 acre nursery).

 Spacing and plant population

Normally a spacing of 40cm x 45cm or 60cm x 30cm is followed. This accommodates about
55000 plants per hectare.

56
  Land preparation and planting

The land is ploughed and cross ploughed thoroughly. Farm yard manure is added @ 15 t/ha
during the last ploughing. Ridges and furrows are formed at 45 or 60cm apart. The plot may
be irrigated if necessary. The suckers are planted at 40 or 30cm apart, maintaining the spacing
suggested.

 Manures and fertilizers

The crop responds well to the application of farm yard manure and compost. In the first year
of plantation, FYM @15 t/ha is applied during the land preparation. During the subsequent
years, the same dose of FYM is applied every year. Besides 50 :50:50 kg/ha of N:P:K is
applied as basal dose.

 Irrigation

Aloe can be successfully cultivated both under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Provision
of irrigation immediately after planting and during summer season will ensure good yields.
However, the plants are sensitive to water logged conditions.

 Plant protection

Aloe is known to be infected by fungus causing leaf spot disease. This effects yield and
quality of the gel adversely. The disease can be controlled by spraying recommended
fungicides.

 Interculture

In order to facilitate healthy soil atmosphere, soil works like spading, earthing up, etc. are
required in aloe plantation. Weeding at regular intervals are some important intercultural
operations.

 Harvest

The thick fleshy leaves are ready for harvest from the second year after planting.
Normally, three harvests are taken in a year by removing three to four leaves per plant.
Harvesting is labour intensive. It is carried out in the morning and / or evening. The
leaves will regenerate from the scar and thus the crop can be harvested upto 5 years after

57
planting. Apart from leaves, the side suckers, which can be used as planting material, can
also be sold.

 Yield

Yield may be as high as 50 - 55 tonnes of thick fleshy leaves from one hectare plantation.
However, a conservative yield of about 40 t/ha may be considered for working out day
viability of bankable schemes. Suckers from about 55-60% of the plants could be sold out
annually.

 Economic life
Commercially yield is obtained from the second to fifth year, after which it needs
replanting.
 Post Harvesting and Processing method-
The harvested leaves are further processed to obtain aloe juice and aloe gel. The leaves
are cut at the base and the yellow juice is allowed to drain out and collected in a cylinder,
Water from the juice is evaporated by heating, The concentrated juice, which solidifies on
cooling is known as Musabbar/Aloes in the trade, Aloe juice is also exposed to solar heat
in shallow vessels until hardened, This produce is used in Ayurvedic industry only,
Aloes/ Musabbar can be packed into CB boxes lined with polythene film inside and a
jute lining form outside-so as to prevent moisture gain by the product. For commercial
production of Aloe gel, specially designed machines with different capacities are available
in the market. The machines can also be fabricated locally to m8inimize cost, Aloe gel is
formed in the inner parenchyma cells of the leaves. It is slightly viscous, Clear liquid. For
collection of gel, the leaves are cut open after removal of juice and their mucilaginous pulp
from parenchyma is scrapped out with a blunt knife. The mucilage or gel so obtained is
stirred in a blender for making a uniform solution . the solution is then strained through a
muslin cloth and filtered, The processing of gel is completed within 36 hours of
harvesting. The biological activity of the gel remains in tact when it is heated on 60o -65o
C for less than 15 minutes, Once heated, the gel is flash cooled to 5o C or below. The gel
obtained can also be concentrated under vacum. In such a case the operation is conducted
under 125 m Hg pressure at a temperature below 50o C and it should not exceed two

58
 minutes. The concentrated gel is then dried at temperature below 60o C. This kind of
produce is largely used in personal care products.

 Packaging and Storage

The gel is packed in different size HDPE containers according to market demand and
stored properly.

 Herbal Products based on Aloe vera

Herbs Products
Aloe vera 1. Aloevera Juice
2. Aloevera White Gel
3. Aloevera green Gel
4. Aloevera Kesar Gel
5. Aloevera Hair Gel
6. Aloevera Achar
7. Aloevera Chutney
8. Aloevera Jam
9. Aloevera Hair­oil
10. Aloevera Soap
 Present and future status of supply
SN Particular Supply in Qtnl
1 From Wild collection Very less
2 From Exiting cultivation 0 Qtnl
4 From cultivation under National 20000 Qtnl green leaves ( 100 Acre )
Mission on Medicinal plants

 Demand and Supply Scenario

Name of herb Aloe vera

Average National Demand * 15000(Qtnl)

Average National Supply * 2010 (Qtnl)

Production in CG State ** Not Available

Price per Kg in Rs. 32/

*As Per FRLHT Database : Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India2008
** As per Market survey report 2006 by CGMFPLTD Raipur

59
  Collection & Cultivation areas in Chhattisgarh and name of the forest division
proposed for establishment of processing unit.

SN. Name of Herb Name of Forest Division

1 Aloe vera Dhamatari

 List of Traders .
5. M/s. Satti Traders, Bazar Chowk, Powar House Road, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.
6. Mr. Rajendra Prasad Agrawal, Powar House Road, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.
7. Shri Krishna Prasad Gupta Kusami Surguja.

Financial Requirement for the project Aloe vera

SN. Particular Approx.

Cost in
Lakhs
1 Land 5 Acer for Cultivation and processing unit of Aloe Rs. 26 lakh * 5 Acer 130.00
vera
2 Pump & Bore well and overhead tank 1.50
3 Electricity 0.50
4 Furniture & fixture 0.75
5 Computer & other equipment 1.00
6 Working Capital for center 4.00
7 Packing ,sealing and weighing m/c and containers 2.00

2 Building, drying platform , store room, guard room 6.25

3 Extraction unit 8.00
4 Material handling instrument (Drum, Ganja, Gas) 1.00
5 Total for one center 155.00
6 Number of processing center for Aloe vera 33
Total Cost for Aloe vera processing 5115.00

60
Kalmegh

DESCRIPTION

Local Name : Kalmegh

Botanical name : Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex
Nees
Family : Acanthaseae
Sanskrit : Kiratatikta, Kandatikta, Bhoonimba, Tiktaka
English : Chiretta plant
Hindi : Kiryat
Useful part : Whole plant

HABIT
An annual herb grows up to 50 cm to 1 m in height, having slender
quadrangular branches, leaves opposite, lanceolate, sub sessile,
flowers small bluish white, numerous, whitish, fruits minute pointed
capsules, seeds are many.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES

Plant pacifies tridoshas, skin diseases, burning sensation, cough and

bronchitis. Plant stimulates liver and purifies vitiated blood.

61
About the Species

Kalmegh is a bitter annual (perennial, if maintained) herb, erect, 50 cm to 1m. in

height, stem quadrangular, much branched; leaves opposite, short petioled; flowers in
racemes. Fruit capsule linear, oblong or elliptic; seeds about 12 in number, subquadrate,
brownish or creamy yellow. It is widely distributed throughout plains of India from Uttar
Pradesh to Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Kerala.

Cultivation technique

 Soil and climate

It can be cultivated on wide range of soils from loam to lateritic soils with moderate
fertility. It can be cultivated on shady wastelands also. The climatic requirement of the plant is
hot and humid conditions with ample sunshine. With the onset of monsoon, plant grows
luxuriantly and starts flowering with the moderation in temperature during September.
Flowering and fruiting continues upto December until temperature drops drastically in
Northern plains.

 Nursery raising and planting

Its propagation is through shattered seeds in nature. Vegetative propagation is also

possible in certain special cases through layering as each node is capable of producing enough
roots. Seeds are small and remain dormant for five to six months. For raising crop in one
hectare three beds of 10x2 m size should be tilled, pulverized and levelled during the month
of May. Liberal use of organic manure in nursery is advised for raising healthy seedling.
Seeds should be covered by very thin layer of soil and compost mixture. Beds should be
covered properly by suitable mulch and irrigated regularly with water fountain till seedlings
merge (6-7 days). Immediately after germination, mulch is removed to avoid elongation of the
seedlings. After 10-15 days regular flood irrigation can be given till it becomes ready for
planting. Transplanting of seedling is done in second fortnight of June at a row and plant
spacing of 45 to 60 cm and 30 to 45 cm respectively. Beds should be irrigated
immediately after planting.

62
  Thinning and weeding

To begin with one or two weeding/hoeing are essential to get the crop established.
After establishment, crop grows well during monsoon and does not face any competition from
weed.

 Manures, fertilisers and pesticides

The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers and use of
pesticides. Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost, Green Manure
etc. may be used as per requirement of the species. To prevent diseases, bio-pesticides could
be prepared (either single or mixture) from Neem (kernel, seeds & leaves), Chitr akmool,
Dhatura, Cow's urine etc.

 Irrigation

Fairly distributed rainfall during monsoon is sufficient to raise annual crop in Northern
states. But prior to rain 2-3 irrigations are required. Irrigation during autumn does not show
much effect on biomass yield as by that time plant is in reproductive phase.

 Yield

A well-maintained crop grown during monsoon season yields 3.5 to 4.0 tons of dried
herb per hectare.

 Harvesting

Maximum herb biomass can be obtained in 90-100 days beyond which leaves start
shedding. If crop is raised as annual crop and planted during the month of May June, it should
be harvested by the end of the September when flowering is initiated. At the time of flower
initiation, active principle andrographolide is high in leaves. Since the whole plant contains
active principles, entire harvested material is dried in shade and powdered.

63
  Post Harvesting and Processing Method ;

The harvested material is dried under shade on a cement platform, mat or cloth for 5-6
days. Fruits collected are dried in the sun and seeds separated, The dried material is also
pulverized according to market demand.

 Packaging and Storage

Well dried plant material is packaged in laminated gunny bags or woven sacks and
stored in moisture free place. The powder and seeds are packaged in air tight HDPE
containers.

 Herbal Products based on Kalmegh

Herbs Products
Kalmegh Powder

 Present and future status of supply

SN Particular Supply in Qtnl
1 From Wild collection 13950 Qntl
2 From Exiting cultivation 450 Qtnl (30 Acre )
4 From cultivation under National 1500 Qtnl ( 100
Mission on Medicinal plants Acre )

 Demand and Supply Scenario

Name of herb Kalmegh

Average National Demand * 35000(Qtnl)

Average National Supply * 14590 (Qtnl)

Production in CG State ** 13950 (Qtnl)

Price per Kg in Rs. 30/

*As Per FRLHT Database : Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India2008
** As per Market survey report 2006 by CGMFPLTD Raipur

64
  Collection & Cultivation areas in Chhattisgarh and name of the forest division
proposed for establishment of processing unit.

SN. Name of Herb Name of Forest Division

1 Kalmegh Bilaspur, Rajnandgaon, Kabirdham, Bijapur,

Kanker, Sukma, Khairagarh, Udanti, East
Raipur.

 List of Traders .
1. M/s. Satti Traders, Bazar Chowk, Powar House Road, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.
2. Mr. Rajendra Prasad Agrawal, Power House Road, Ramanuj Ganj, Surguja.
3. Shri Krishna Prasad Gupta Kusami Surguja.
 Financial Requirement for the project Kalmegh

SN. Particular Approx. Cost in Lakhs

1 Land 5 Acer for Cultivation and processing unit of Rs. 26 lakh * 5 Acer 130.00
Kalmegh
2 Pump & Bore well and overhead tank 1.50
3 Electricity 0.50
4 Furniture & fixture 0.75
5 Computer & other equipment 1.00
6 Working Capital for center 4.00
7 Packing ,sealing and weighing m/c and 2.00
containers
8 Building, drying platform , store room, guard 6.25
room
9 Dry Machine 1.50
10 Pulveriser 1.40
11 Material handling instrument (Drum, Ganja, 1.10
Gas)
12 Total for one center 150.00
13 Number of processing centers for Kalmegh 33
Total Cost for Kalmegh processing 4950.00

Photographs of Plants & Machineries : Annexure 2

65
 Safed Musali

Plant Profile

Family : Liliaceae
English name : Nil
Indian name : Musali (Sanskrit) Safed Musli(Hindi)
Tiravanticam (Tamil) Dravanti
(Kannada)
Species : Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. & Fernandez
C. arundinaceum, [Link].C. malabaricum,.
C. attenuatum, C. breviscapum
Distribution : South Africa and India

In India, it is mainly cultivated in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Presently, the roots fetch
an attractive price, which is decided by the size of the tubers and its physical appearance. It is in
large consistent demand in the world market and its annual demand is estimated to be about 300-
500 tonnes.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

 The major components of safed musli are carbohydrates (41%), protein (8-9%), saponins (2-17%)
and root fibres (4%).
 Saponin is the chief medicinal compound present in roots.

 The roots of safed musli are well known tonic. It has key application in the care of general debility
by acting as an aphrodisiac. It has also been used in the treatment of rheumatism and the leaves for
vegetable purpose in central India.

66
 
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Soil Suitability

 Since Musli is a tuber species, it needs a sandy loamy soil with neutral pH and organic matter in
high quantity to yield better results.
 Heavy black soil is not suitable for cultivation of Musli.

Climate
The vegetative growth and fleshy root development is facilitated by warm and humid weather with
sufficient amount of moisture during the growing period.

Varieties
 At present there are no named varieties available.
 However, some promising strains like RC-5, RC-15, CTI-1, CTI-17 and CTI-2 have been found
good from the yield point of view.

Irrigation
 Safed Musli is cultivated during the rainy season, as it needs a regular supply of water even after
the stage of fall of leaves.
 A good drainage system is required to avoid water-logging and to enable effective moisture-retention
by the soil.
 Drip irrigation is ideal for cultivation of Musli.

Manuring
 Cow Dung: Cow dung is essential in the cultivation of Musli. Well dried, decomposed cow
dung is to be applied over the soil in large quantities.

 Green Manure: Green manuring is vital to improve the fertility of the soil. Ideal sources of green
manure are Sesbania, Crotalaria or Jammu and Pilli Pesara. 
Bone Meal: For a tuber species like Musli, application of bone meal provides phosphorus and the necessary
micro-nutrients.

Plouging
 Plough the field upto 1 to 1.5 ft depth & draw the cultivator.
 Broadcast green manure seeds and irrigate the crop if needed. Incorporate into field at peak
flowering stage
 Spread well decomposed or compost evenly over the field, along with 50 kgs of single super
phosphate
 Apply post-emergence weedicide (Glyphosate group) 7 days after emergence of weeds. 
 Leave the land for 20 days for sowing
67
 Preparation of beds
 Like any tuberous species, Musli is better cultivated on raised beds.
 There is a tractor attachment accessible for raising the beds.
 The beds are to be prepared along the slope of the land for proper surface water run-off. 
 The beds are automatically raised with the implement to a height of 1 ½ ft at the center, tapering to
sides with a width of 3 ½ ft and two beds are separated with 1 
½ ft width of trench.

When beds are raised, half way through, add 100 kgs of single super phosphate, 50kg of Murate of
Potash, Bone meal 100 Kgs , Micro Nutrients as per requirement are to be applied per acre

 Then, the beds are to be raised to fullest height.

 Drip-lines are to be placed at the middle of each of the raised beds. 
 The inline drippers are of 3 litres per hour capacity and placed 1.5 ft apart so as to wet the bed
evenly.
 Irrigation to be given to beds before sowing of tubers.

Seed Selection & Treatment

Selection of Seed

 For sowing, the tubers or fingers of Musli are used.

 Seed is to obtained from the best-cultivated source
 Best seeds have considerable part of the disc or crown with them.
 Care should be taken not to cause damage to the tuber’s Epidermal layer. 

Best seed could weigh anything between 10 – 15 gms.

Spacing
10 inches x 12 inches
Qty of the seed needed for sowing is 450 kgs (30,000 – 35,000 fingers are required per acre)
Treatment of Seed
The seed to be sown has to be treated with growth promoter and fungicide to avoid possible
diseases after transplanting.

Seed should be treated with Humicil @ 5ml/Lt water. & Dithane-M 45@ 5gm/Lt water .

Sowing
 It should be made sure that the crown is at the upper side of the tuber and non- crown part at the
down side(Tuber should be in slanting position).
 The seed is to be sown ½ inch deep in the soil and be covered by soil by hand so as not to cause any
damage to it.

68
 Inter-Cropping
 Musli could be cultivated as an inter-crop with Mango, Teak, Neem, paulownia etc with
remarkable results.
 Musli could also be gainfully intercropped with papaya and banana

Growth of Seed
 Monsoon, starting with thunders, is responsible for sprouting of the tubers.

The plant emerges in about 10 days. Flowering begins on 15th day and the leafy part grows to its
maximum by 70 days. It matures by 120 days as the leaf-fall starts. In 4-5 months, the tuber gets the
cuticle layer on the fingers and there is an intake of material through soil to the tuber till 9 months.

Plant Protection
The leaf of Musli has to be protected from any disease and pests to harvest optimum yields. Musli,
being in the form of tubers underneath the ground, is intrinsically strong to survive disasters like
heavy showers. Care should, however, be taken to provide proper drainage to avoid damage to
tubers by water-logging.

Major pests : Leaf eating caterpillar and white grub Major

diseases : Leaf blight and red spot

Schedule
1. To control leaf eating caterpillars, spray 0.2 per cent metacid aqueous solution at fortnightly
intervals.
2. White grub can be easily controlled by the application of Aldrin @ 25 kg per hectare at the time
of last ploughing during land preparation.
3. Spray Bavistin solution @ 1 g/l at 25 days interval (2 times) to control the diseases.

HARVESTING
The crop matures in about three months after planting. At maturity, the leaves become yellowish
and ultimately dry up from the collar part and fall down. Thus, the crop should be harvested when
leaves have dried which take place in the month of September - October.

Post Leaf Fall: After the leaf fall, the tubers should continue to be in the ground. They should not
be plucked, as changes occur internally in the tuber that will increase its value. At the time of the
leaf fall, the tubers are light in colour and, as they mature by time, they turn deep black. Each tuber
is to be delicately lifted with the prescribed implements, to obtain maximum quantity of the tuber
and to avoid any damage to the crown or disc of the tuber. Harvesting should be carried out in the
month of March/April.

69
 Cleaning of Tuber
As the tuber is dug out from the soil, naturally it contains a lot of mud. As such, the tuber has to be
cleaned properly before it is peeled

Peeling

 After the separation of the material to be resown, only tubers without a crown are to be
peeled.
 Peeling helps the tuber dry easily and various methods are in vogue for peeling.

Peeling is no specialized task. It can easily be done with a knife without any loss of quality or
quantity. A person can peel up to 5 kg per day.

Drying
Once peeled, Musli should be dried of the moisture content. It takes 7 days for Musli to dry.

Packing

 After drying, Musli must be packed in poly bags to prevent entry of moisture. (From the
stage of harvesting to packing, there is a natural loss of weight of Musli. Shorter and
stouter the tuber, lesser is the loss of weight).

Yield
On an average, 2000 kg of fleshy roots per hectare can be obtained, which may yield up to 400 kg
of dry safed musli.

Financial Requirement for the project of Safed Mushali

SN. Particular Approx.
Cost in
Lakhs
1 Land 5 Acer for Cultivation and processing unit of Safed Rs. 26 lakh * 5 Acer 130.00
mushali
2 Pump & Bore well and overhead tank 1.50
3 Electricity 0.50
4 Furniture & fixture 0.75
5 Computer & other equipment 1.00
6 Working Capital for center 4.00
7 Packing ,sealing and weighing m/c and containers 2.00

8 Building, drying platform , store room, guard room 6.25

9 Dryer & Kharat Machine 1.50
10 Pulveriser 1.40
11 Material handling instrument (Drum, Ganja, Gas) 1.10
12 Total for one center 150.00
13 Number of processing centers for Safed mushali 33
Total Cost for Safed mushali processing 4950.00
Photographs of Plants & Machineries : Annexure 2
70
Financial Requirement for establishment of Processing plants
SN Name of herbs Proposed number of Cost per centre Investment
processingplants in Cr. required in
Cr.
a Aonla 33 1.60 52.80

b Bael 33 1.60 52.80

c Serpgandha 33 1.50 49.50

d Ashwagandha 33 1.50 49.50

e Satawar 33 1.50 49.50

f Gurmar 33 1.50 49.50

g Aloe vera 33 1.55 51.15

h Kalmegh 33 1.50 49.50

i Safed Mushali 33 1.50 49.50

Sub total 13.75 453.75

Contingencies 33 .20 6.60

13.95
Total 460.35

 Project Period : The total project period is 7 years

 Construction and post construction Management

The Construction and Management of the Manufacturing unit :

The Construction of the Processing , unit will be outsourced to corporate consultant

companies. The EOI will be invited from corporate houses for construction on turn key
basis.
The Management of the Manufacturing unit:
The Processing units will be managed by corporate houses. After the construction the
units will be handed over to the highest bidder in the open auction to provide quality
services to stakeholders and run the units as profit generating center,

71
Total requirement of land for cultivation and installation of processing plants

SN Name of Unit For one Total Total

processing of plant plant land
unit land
1 Aonla Acer 5 33 165
2 Bael Acer 5 33 165
3 Serpgandha Acer 5 33 165
4 Ashwagandha Acer 5 33 165
5 Acer 5 33 165
Satawar
6 Gurmar Acer 5 33 165
7 Aloe vera Acer 5 33 165
8 Kalmegh Acer 5 33 165
9 Safed Mushali Acer 5 33 165
Total 45 297 1485
Total 1485 Acer requirement of land in Chhattisgarh state

Total investment for land

SN Total land in Cost for 1 acer Total cost in

acer in Cr. Cr.
1 For one 45 .26 11.70
district
2 Total 33 1485 .26 386.10
district
In word Rs. Three hundred and eighty six crore ten lakh only/-
Total investment of Rs. 386.10 crore in Chhattisgarh

72
Total investment of medicinal processing plant excluding of land and manpower

SN Name of herbs Proposed Cost per Investment

number of centre in required
processingplants Rs. Cr. in Cr.
1 Aonla 33 .30 9.90
2 Bael 33 .30 9.90
3 Serpgandha 33 .20 6.60
4 Ashwagandha 33 .20 6.60
5 Satawar 33 .20 6.60
6 Gurmar 33 .20 6.60
7 Aloe vera 33 .25 8.25
8 Kalmegh 33 .20 6.60
9 Safed Mushali 33 .20 6.60
Sub Total 2.05 67.65
Contingencies 33 .20 6.60
Total 2.25 74.25

Working capital staff management or man power and other expenses

Sn Particular Unit Unit cost in Rs. Per years Total in Rs.

1 Coordinator 1 40000 * 12 month = 480000 480000
2 Operators 2 30000 * 12 month = 360000 720000
(local vaids)
3 Unit incharge 1 30000 * 12 month = 360000 360000
4 Security guard 3 17000 * 12 month = 204000 612000
5 Labours for plant 10 14000 * 12 month = 168000 1680000
6 Transporting 1 years 10000 * 12 month = 120000 120000
exp.
7 Electricity exp. 1 years or 14000 * 12 month = 168000 168000
12 month
8 Contingencies 1 year or 5000 * 12 month = 60000 60000
12 month
Total for 1 processing unit 5640000
Total for 9 processing unit in one district 50760000
( 9 medicinal herbs) (5640000 * 9 )
Total for 297 processing unit in 33 district of Chhattisgarh 167,50,80,000
(50760000 * 33 ) (cost for one year)
In words Rs. One hundred and sixty seven crore fifty lakh eighty thousand only/-

73
Total investment for medicine plant cultivation in land

Sn Particular Total unit Unit cost Total in

Rs.
1 Cultivator for 10 12000 * 12 month = 144000 1440000
land
2 Pesticides/insec 5 acer 22000 * 5 acer = 110000 110000
ticides
3 Seeds 5 acer 24000 * 5 acer = 120000 120000
4 Harvesting 5 acer 12000 * 5 acer 60000
5 Segregation 1 unit LS = 120000 120000
Storage
Total for one processing unit 1850000
Total for 9 processing unit in one district (9 medicinal herbs ) 16650000
(1850000 * 9)
Total for 297 processing unit in 33 district of Chhattisgarh 549450000
(16650000 * 33) (cost for one year)
In words Rs. Fifty four crore ninety four lack fifty thousand only /-

Marketing Expenses of raw and processing products

SN Particular Unit Total in Rs.

1 Transporting in local market LS 150000
2 Transporting in national market LS 200000
3 Transporting in international LS 250000
market
4 Sells officer and other staff 25000 * 12 month * 900000
3 person
5 Kiosk center (building on rent ) 17000 * 12 month 204000
6 Contingency ­ 100000
Total for one district 1804000
Total for 33 district of Chhattisgarh 1804000*33 59532000

74
Total budget for medicinal processing plant in Chhattisgarh with timeline of investment

Years Total in
Cr.
S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
n
1 Cost of 386.10 386.10
land
2 Cost of 74.25 74.25
machine
ry or
processi
ng unit
3 Cost for 167.50 167.50 167.50 167.50 167.50 167.50 167.50 1172.55
working 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 60
capital
4 Cost for 54.945 54.945 54.945 54.945 54.945 54.945 54.945 384.615
cultivati 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
on or
producti
on
5 Cost of 5.9532 5.9532 5.9532 5.9532 5.9532 5.9532 5.9532 41.6724
marketi
ng
Total in 688.75 228.40 228.40 228.40 228.40 228.40 228.40 2059.19
lakh 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 34
Total investment for 7 years = 2059.1934
Total in words Rs. Two thousand and fifty nine crore nineteen lakh thirty four
thousand only /-

75
 OUTPUT

Production of medicine plants in raw form

Sn Name of herb Production Per years Production Total Production

cycle capacity in 1 production in Part of
acer 5 acer herbs
1 Aonla 6 month 2 times 8 tones * 2 80 tones Fruit
2 Bael 6 month 2 times 2 tones * 2 20 tones Fruit
3 Serpgandha 12 month 1 time 2.5 tones * 1 12.5 tones Root
4 Ashwagandha 6 month 2 times 2.02 Qu. * 2 2.02 tones Root
6 month 2 times 30.35 kg * 2 .3035 tones Seed
5 Satawar 12 month 1 time 2.02 tones * 1 10.1 tones Shoot
12 month 1 time 14.16 kg * 1 0.070 tones Seed
6 Gurmar 3 month 4 times 5.05 Qu. * 4 10.1 tones Leaves
7 Aloe vera 4 month 3 times 20.23 tones * 3 303.45 tones Leaves
8 Kalmegh 6 month 2 times 1.62 tones * 2 16.2 tones Whole
plant
9 Safed 4 month 3 times 8.10 Qu. * 3 12.15 tones Root
Mushali
Total production of medicines in one district in one year 466.8935
Total production of medicines in 33 district in one year 15407.4855
(466.8935 * 33)

76
Total production in 7 years timeline

Sn Name of herb 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total gross

production in 7
years in tones
1 Aonla 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 560 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
2 Bael 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 140 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
3 Serpgandha 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 87.5 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
4 Ashwagandha 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.02 14.14 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
.3035 .3035 .3035 .3035 .3035 .3035 .3035 2.1245
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
5 Satawar 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 70.70 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.49 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
6 Gurmar 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 70.70 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
7 Aloe vera 303.4 303.4 303.4 303.4 303.4 303.4 303.4 2124.15
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
8 Kalmegh 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 113.4 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
9 Safed Mushali 12.15 12.15 12.15 12.15 12.15 12.15 12.15 85.05 tones
tones tones tones tones tones tones tones
Total in one 466. 466.8 466.8 466.8 466.8 466.8 466.8 3268.2545
district 8935 935 935 935 935 935 935 tones
Total for 33 1540 1540 1540 1540 1540 1540 1540 107852.3985
district 7.485 7.485 7.485 7.485 7.485 7.485 7.485 tones
5 5 5 5 5 5 5

77
Production of medicine plants in finis good form
Approx. 60% of raw material used for finishing product

Sn Name of herb Total production 60% of total Finishing product type

in 5 acer production
1 Aonla 80 tones 48 tones Fruit churn, powder
2 Bael 20 tones 12 tones Fruit pulp, frozen fruit
3 Serpgandha 12.5 tones 7.5 tones Root powder
4 Ashwagandha 2.02 tones 1.212 tones Root powder
.3035 tones 0.1821 tones Seed churn
5 Satawar 10.1 tones 6.06 tones Shoot powder
0.070 tones 0.042 tones Seed pure
6 Gurmar 10.1 tones 6.06 tones Leaves powder
7 Aloe vera 303.45 tones 181.8 tones Leaves pulp
8 Kalmegh 16.2 tones 9.72 tones Whole plant powder
9 Safed Mushali 12.15 tones 7.29 tones Root powder
Total production of medicines in 279.8661
one district in one year tones
Total production of medicines in 9235.5813
33 district in one year (279.8661 tones
* 33)

78
Sells Output income in Raw form
Approx. 40% of Raw form medicine for sells per year

A B C D
Sn Name of herb Total 40 % raw Sells Sells amount Total sells
production in material amount per tones in amount
5 acer per sales per Kg in Rs. (B*D) in Cr.
years Rs.

1 Aonla 80 tones 32 tones 120 120000 0.3840

2 Bael 20 tones 8 tones 200 200000 0.16
3 Serpgandha 12.5 tones 5 tones 1050 1050000 0.5250
4 Ashwagandha 2.02 tones 0.808 450 450000 0.3636
tones
Ashwagandha 0.3035 tones 0.1214 390 390000 0.0473
Seeds tones
5 Yellow 10.1 tones 4.04 tones 500 500000 0.2020
Satawar
Yellow 0.070 tones 0.028 5000 5000000 0.0140
Satawar Seed tones
6 Gurmar 10.1 tones 4.04 tones 130 130000 0.0525
7 Aloe vera 303.45 tones 121.38 50 50000 0.6069
tones
8 Kalmegh 16.2 tones 6.48 545 545000 0.3531
tones
9 Safed 12.15 tones 4.86 300 300000 0.1458
Mushali tones
Total sells in Cr. Per year per 2.8542
district
Total sells in Cr. Per year 33 94.1886
district

79
Sells of medicine plants in finis good form
Approx. 60% of raw material used for finishing product

A B C D E F G
Sn Name of herb Total 60% of Rate per Kg. Sells amount Total
production total in Rs. per tones amount in
in 5 acer production Cr. (D*F)
1 Aonla Fruit 80 tones 48 tones 283000 1.3584
churn, 283
powder
2 Bael Fruit 20 tones 12 tones 250 250000 0.3000
pulp, frozen
fruit
3 Serpgandha 12.5 tones 7.5 tones 1500 1500000 1.1250
Root powder
4 Ashwagandha 2.02 tones 1.212 tones 700 700000 0.0848
Root powder
Ashwagandha .3035 0.1821 550 550000 0.0100
Seed churn tones tones
5 Satawar 10.1 tones 6.06 tones 1100 1100000 0.6666
Shoot
powder
Satawar Seed 0.070 0.042 tones 5000 5000000 0.0210
pure tones
6 Gurmar 10.1 tones 6.06 tones 750 750000 0.4545
Leaves
powder
7 Aloe vera 303.45 181.8 tones 500 500000 9.0900
Leaves pulp tones
8 Kalmegh 16.2 tones 9.72 tones 850 850000 0.8262
Whole plant
powder
9 Safed 12.15 7.29 tones 3000 3000000 2.1870
Mushali tones
Root powder
Total sells amount of medicines in one district in one 16.1235
year in Cr.
Total sells amount of medicines in 33 district in one 532.0755
year ( 16.1235 * 33) in Cr.

80
Total sells Percentage

SN Medicine form Total Local National International Total

Percentage market market market
1 Raw form of 40 % 20 % 20 % 60 % 100 %
medicines
2 Finishing goods 60 % 20 % 20 % 60 % 100 %
form of medicines
100 %

Total sells Amount in one year of 33 districts

SN Medicine Total Local National International Rs. In Cr.

form Percentage market market market 60%
20% 20%
1 Raw form of 40 % 18.8377 18.8377 56.5131 94.1886
medicines
2 Finishing 60 % 106.4151 106.4151 319.2453 532.0755
goods form of
medicines
100 % 125.2528 125.2528 375.7584 626.2641

Total investment, income and profit – loss calculation in total project tenure (7 years)

SN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Total 688.7562 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4
production 062
cost
(33district) in
Cr.
2 Total (33 626.2641 626.2641 626.2641 626.2641 626.2641 626.2641 626.2
district) sells 641
amount in Cr.
3 Total Profit in - 62.4921 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.40
Cr. 62

81
 Year by year repayment and profit analysis

SN Year Particular Rs. In Cr. Total balance

loan amount
Total loan Amount 688.7562 688.7562
Investment Amount in Cr. 688.7562
Income Amount in Cr. 626.2641
Amount for next year investment 228.4062
1 Year 1 ( use in income amount ) Cr.
Total balance of income Cr. 397.8579
Repayment Value in Cr. 100
Profit value in Cr. 297.8579
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 588.7562
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 588.7562
Investment Amount in Cr. 228.4062
Income Amount in Cr. 626.2641
Amount for next year investment 228.4062
2 Year 2 ( use in income amount ) Cr.
Total balance of income Cr. 397.8579
Repayment Value in Cr. 100
Profit value in Cr. 297.8579
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 488.7562
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 488.7562
Investment Amount in Cr. 228.4062
Income Amount in Cr. 626.2641
Amount for next year investment 228.4062
3 Year 3 ( use in income amount ) Cr.
Total balance of income Cr. 397.8579
Repayment Value in Cr. 100
Profit value in Cr. 297.8579
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 388.7562
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 388.7562
Investment Amount in Cr. 228.4062
4 Year 4 Income Amount in Cr. 626.2641
Amount for next year investment 228.4062
( use in income amount ) Cr.
82
 Total balance of income Cr. 397.8579
Repayment Value in Cr. 100
Profit value in Cr. 297.8579
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 288.7562
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 288.7562
Investment Amount in Cr. 228.4062
Income Amount in Cr. 626.2641
Amount for next year investment 228.4062
5 Year 5 ( use in income amount ) Cr.
Total balance of income Cr. 397.8579
Repayment Value in Cr. 100
Profit value in Cr. 297.8579
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 188.7562
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 188.7562
Investment Amount in Cr. 228.4062
Income Amount in Cr. 626.2641
Amount for next year investment 228.4062
6 Year 6 ( use in income amount ) Cr.
Total balance of income Cr. 397.8579
Repayment Value in Cr. 100
Profit value in Cr. 297.8579
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 88.7562
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 88.7562
Investment Amount in Cr. 228.4062
Income Amount in Cr. 626.2641
Amount for next year investment 00
7 Year 7 ( use in income amount ) Cr.
Total balance of income Cr. 626.2641
Repayment Value in Cr. 88.7562
Profit value in Cr. 537.5079
Balance Loan Value in Cr. 00

83
Sn 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year 6 year 7 year
1 Balance 688.7562
Loan Value
in Cr.
2 Investment 688.7562 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062
Amount in
Cr.
3 Income 626.2641 626.2641 626.2641 626.2641 626.2641 626.2641 626.2641
Amount in
Cr.
4 Amount 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 228.4062 00
for next
year
investment
( use in
income
amount )
Cr.
5 Total 397.8579 397.8579 397.8579 397.8579 397.8579 397.8579 626.2641
balance of
income Cr.
6 Repayment 100 100 100 100 100 100 88.7562
Value in Cr.
7 Profit 297.8579 297.8579 297.8579 297.8579 297.8579 297.8579 537.5079
value in Cr.
8 Balance 588.7562 488.7562 388.7562 288.7562 188.7562 88.7562 00
Loan Value
in Cr.

SN Particular Total in Cr.

1 Total investment in 7 years in Cr. 2059.1934
2 Income Amount in 7 years in Cr. 4383.8487
3 Profit value in seven years in Cr. 2324.6553

84
 Resources left with us after project completion

SN Particular Total Remark

Total Land in 33 district in Acer (45 1485 Acer Total value in Cr. is
1 Acer * 33 ) 386.10 cr.
2 Machinery and plant ( 9 plant * 33 297 Plants Total value in Cr. is
district) 74.25 Cr.
3 Profit value in seven years in Cr. Within 7 years Total value in Cr.
2324.6553 Cr.
Total remaining Value in Cr. Within 7 years 2785.0053 Cr.
project tenure

85
 Marketing

Local demand

There is a strong demand for Ayurvedic products in Chhattisgarh, India, and the state has many
opportunities for entrepreneurs in the Ayurvedic business:
 Ayurvedic hospitals and wellness centers
Chhattisgarh has many facilities that offer treatments and therapies based on Ayurvedic
principles.
 Medicinal plants
Chhattisgarh has many plants with medicinal properties, making it a good place to produce
herbal medicine.
 Government support
The Chhattisgarh government supports Ayurveda through education, research, and rules.
 Large population
Chhattisgarh is India's ninth­largest state with a large population, which means there is a need
for improved healthcare facilities.
 Natural, effective, and side-effect-free
Ayurveda is a sought­after therapeutic modality because it is natural, effective, and side­effect­
free.
 Affordable
Ayurvedic products are affordable and sometimes the only source of healthcare available to
the poor.
 Livelihood
The medicinal plants sector provides a livelihood for a large population, especially tribals.
The state government has also planned to start large scale production of Ayurvedic medicines
through a public­private partnership (PPP) model.

National demand

The demand for Ayurvedic products in India is growing, and is expected to continue to do so in
the coming years:
 Market growth

The Ayurveda product market in India is expected to grow to Rs 1,20,660 crore ($16.27 billion)
by FY28. This is a CAGR of 15% from FY23 to FY28.
 Factors contributing to growth
The growth is due to a number of factors, including:
 Increased awareness: People are becoming more aware of the benefits of Ayurveda in
managing stress and anxiety. They are also becoming more aware of the side effects of
allopathic medicines.

86
  Government initiatives: The government of India has launched the National Ayush Mission
to support the cultivation of medicinal plants.
 Growing middle class: The growing middle class in India is a major factor in the growth of
the Ayurvedic market.
 Online searches: Online searches for Ayurvedic treatments have increased by 10­12% since
2020.
 Products in demand

Extracts of herbs, chyawanprash, and kadhas are in high demand.

 Companies
Several companies and startups are working in the field of Ayurveda, including Baidyanath
Ayurveda, Dabur India Limited, Hamdard India, and Jhandu Care.

Global market

The demand for Ayurvedic products is growing globally, driven by a number of factors,
including:
 Increased awareness
People are becoming more aware of the benefits of Ayurvedic products, and the
drawbacks of allopathy.
 Chronic disease
The rising prevalence of chronic diseases has led to increased interest in traditional
treatments like Ayurveda.
 Natural and holistic healthcare
People are seeking alternatives to mainstream care, and Ayurvedic methods
emphasize balancing the body, mind, and spirit.
 Organic and natural personal care products
There is increasing demand for organic and natural personal care products that
include Ayurvedic ingredients.
 Clinical studies
Clinical studies are demonstrating the health benefits of Ayurvedic supplements.
The global Ayurvedic market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 27.2% from 2024 to 2030. The market share is expected to be distributed as
follows:
 North America: Over 40% of global revenue
 Europe: Over 30% of global revenue
 Asia Pacific: Around 23% of global revenue

87
 Latin America: Over 5% of global revenue
 Middle East and Africa: Around 2% of global revenue

Demand in dubai

There is a high demand for Ayurveda in Dubai, and the number of Ayurvedic clinics, wellness
centers, and spas has increased to meet this demand. Here are some reasons why Ayurveda is
popular in Dubai:
 Natural remedies
Ayurveda offers natural and organic remedies, massages, and lifestyle recommendations that are
gentle yet effective.
 Body-mind connection
Ayurveda emphasizes the connection between the body and mind, which resonates with the
Dubai population's desire for a more balanced approach to health.
 Awareness of side effects
People in Dubai are becoming more aware of the potential side effects of modern medicine.
 Herbal products
The UAE has a rising demand for Indian herbal products, including cosmetics and capsules.
 Safety
Ayurvedic and herbal medicines are considered safe to use and have no side effects.
To practice Ayurveda in Dubai, you need to obtain a license from the Dubai Health Authority
(DHA). You can also work anywhere in the UAE if you have an Evaluation Certificate and a license
from a regional Health Authority.

Scope of Ayurveda in dubai

There are several opportunities for Ayurveda practitioners in Dubai, including jobs as
therapists, doctors, and practitioners:
 Ayurveda therapist: Provide treatments based on Ayurvedic principles to promote relaxation,
detoxification, and balance.
 Ayurveda doctor: Diagnose and treat patients using Ayurvedic principles.
 Ayurveda practitioner: Offer holistic care to patients using Ayurvedic principles.
To practice Ayurveda in Dubai, you must meet the following requirements:
 Have a recognized qualification in a specific course from your country of origin
 Obtain a license from the Ministry of Health (MOH) through the TCAM exam
 Register for permission from the local government of the emirate where you intend to practice
 Practice under an existing medical institution
 Obtain a license from the Dubai Health Authority (DHA)

88
Types of diseases that can be cured by Ayurveda in Dubai
Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine originating from India, is used to prevent, treat, and manage
a wide variety of diseases by focusing on the balance of the body's energies, or doshas, and promoting
natural healing through diet, herbs, massage, yoga, and lifestyle modifications. While Ayurveda doesn't
always "cure" diseases in the conventional sense, it can offer supportive and holistic treatments that
address the root cause of many health issues.

In Dubai, Ayurveda has gained popularity for its natural approach, and many Ayurvedic practitioners
treat a range of conditions. Below are some common diseases and conditions that Ayurveda is often used
to manage or help alleviate:

1. Digestive Disorders
 Acid reflux (GERD): Ayurveda focuses on balancing pitta dosha, which governs digestion and metabolism.
 Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Treatments aim to balance vata dosha and improve digestion.
 Constipation: Ayurvedic therapies often use herbs and dietary recommendations to stimulate digestion and bowel
movements.
 Indigestion: Herbal treatments and dietary changes are common Ayurvedic remedies.
 Food allergies and sensitivities: Ayurveda can help improve gut health and strengthen digestion.

2. Skin Diseases
 Eczema and Psoriasis: Ayurvedic treatments use topical herbs, detox therapies, and dietary changes to balance the
doshas and reduce inflammation.
 Acne: Both internal treatments (herbs and dietary modifications) and external treatments (such as pastes and oils)
are used.
 Dermatitis: Herbal treatments and lifestyle changes to strengthen immunity and balance skin conditions.
 Vitiligo (Leukoderma): Ayurvedic therapies focus on restoring pigmentation and addressing underlying
imbalances.

3. Musculoskeletal Disorders
 Arthritis (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis): Ayurveda uses therapies like Panchakarma, herbal remedies,
and oils to reduce inflammation and pain.
 Back pain: Ayurvedic treatments like massage, herbal oils, and posture correction may be used.
 Sciatica: Specific herbal remedies and therapies focus on relieving nerve pain and reducing inflammation.
 Muscle pain and strains: Ayurveda's approach to muscle pain includes herbal treatments and oil massages.

4. Respiratory Conditions
 Asthma: Ayurveda aims to strengthen the lungs and regulate vata and kapha doshas. Treatments include herbal
remedies, breathing exercises (pranayama), and detoxification.
 Chronic sinusitis: Nasal therapies (like Nasya) and herbal medicines can help treat sinus congestion.
 Bronchitis: Herbal treatments, dietary changes, and therapies to clear mucus and strengthen the respiratory system.

5. Stress and Mental Health Disorders

 Anxiety: Ayurveda uses calming herbs, meditation, yoga, and lifestyle changes to restore balance to the nervous
system.
 Depression: Ayurvedic therapies focus on balancing the mind-body connection through herbal remedies,
meditation, and lifestyle modifications.
89
 Insomnia: Herbal treatments and lifestyle changes to regulate sleep patterns and calm the mind.
 Stress management: Ayurveda focuses on yoga, meditation, and herbal treatments to promote relaxation and
mental clarity.

6. Hormonal and Reproductive Health

 PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome): Ayurveda offers natural remedies to balance hormones and regulate
menstrual cycles.
 Menstrual disorders: Ayurvedic herbs and treatments can help regulate cycles, reduce pain, and balance
hormonal levels.
 Menopause: Ayurvedic remedies can alleviate symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, and insomnia.
 Infertility: Ayurveda addresses underlying causes of infertility, such as hormonal imbalances, poor digestion, and
stress.

7. Chronic Fatigue and Immunity Issues

 Chronic fatigue syndrome: Ayurveda helps to restore energy through diet, lifestyle changes, and herbal remedies
that balance the doshas.
 Low immunity: Ayurvedic herbs and treatments are designed to strengthen the immune system and detoxify the
body.

8. Weight Management
 Obesity: Ayurvedic approaches to weight loss focus on improving digestion (Agni), balancing doshas, and
detoxification.
 Metabolic disorders: Ayurveda helps manage conditions like diabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome
through diet and lifestyle adjustments.

9. Diabetes
 Ayurveda may help manage Type 2 diabetes by balancing blood sugar levels, improving digestion, and addressing
underlying issues like poor metabolism.

10. Liver and Kidney Health

 Liver disease (e.g., fatty liver, hepatitis): Ayurveda focuses on detoxification and using herbal remedies to
support liver function.
 Kidney stones: Herbal remedies can help dissolve small stones and prevent their formation.

11. Cardiovascular Diseases

 Hypertension (High blood pressure): Ayurvedic herbs and lifestyle modifications are used to reduce stress,
improve circulation, and support heart health.
 Cholesterol management: Ayurveda can help manage cholesterol levels through diet, herbal remedies, and
lifestyle changes.

12. Autoimmune Disorders

 Lupus, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and other autoimmune conditions: Ayurvedic treatments aim to balance the
immune system, reduce inflammation, and improve quality of life.

90
 13. Cancer (Adjunctive Support)
 While Ayurveda is not a substitute for cancer treatment, it is often used to support patients undergoing
conventional cancer treatments. Ayurvedic remedies may help manage symptoms like fatigue, nausea, and pain,
and improve overall well-being during chemotherapy or radiation.

Key Ayurvedic Treatments Used:

 Panchakarma: A detoxification and purification process designed to cleanse the body of toxins (ama) and restore
balance.
 Herbal Medicine: Use of medicinal herbs to address various health issues. Some popular Ayurvedic herbs include
turmeric, ashwagandha, triphala, and brahmi.
 Dietary Modifications: Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of diet in managing health and preventing disease.
Food is seen as a form of medicine.
 Yoga and Meditation: Integral parts of Ayurveda to restore physical and mental balance.
 Abhyanga (Oil Massage): Therapeutic body massage using herbal oils to relax, rejuvenate, and heal.

91
Packing Machine

93
Annexure 1
: Photographs and Machine line diagram for processing of Bael and Aonla
4. Boiling unit for Steam generation

Steam Outlet

- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - --
- - - - - - - - - -- - -- -- --- --
------------------

Heater

5. Steam Boiling Unit

Khadai

Steam inlet
Support

94
 6. Concentration unit

Concentrated juice

4 Pulp Separation Machine

0 000000000000000000
0000000000000000000

eds
Se

Motor

Pulp
0000 0000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000000

95
 5 Pulp Punching Machine

IIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIII

Motor Punched Pulp

6 Cutting Machine

Blades

Motor
Cutting
Machine

7 Juicer Machine

- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -

8 Candy Dryer Machine

Tray

Candy dryer

Heater

96
THANKS YOU

97