Module 1- Question Bank
Short answer questions
1. Define band gap.
2. Classify materials based on band gap with examples.
3. State the band gap values of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.
4. Define Fermi energy.
5. What is Fermi level?
6. Where is the Fermi level located in an intrinsic semiconductor?
7. Write the expression for electrical conductivity of a semiconductor.
8. Define Hall effect.
9. Define Hall coefficient.
10. List any two applications of Hall effect.
11. Classify magnetic materials.
12. Define magnetic susceptibility.
13. Define superconductivity.
14. What is critical temperature?
15. What is Meissner effect?
16. What is a p–n junction?
17. Define depletion region.
18. What is Zener diode?
19. What is Zener breakdown?
20. What is a solar cell?
21. Define efficiency of a solar cell.
22. What is LED?
23. Mention two advantages of LED.
24. Mention applications of superconductors
25. Classify magnetic materials
5/10 MARK QUESTIONS
26. Explain the classification of materials based on band gap with neat diagrams.
27. Explain Fermi energy and Fermi level. Discuss its significance.
28. Explain the position of Fermi level in intrinsic, n-type and p-type semiconductors.
29. Explain Hall effect and derive the expression for Hall coefficient.
30. Explain diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism.
31. Explain superconductivity and its properties.
32. Explain Meissner effect with diagram.
33. Explain the formation of p–n junction diode.
34. Explain the I–V characteristics of p–n junction diode.
35. Explain the working of Zener diode with V–I characteristics.
36. Explain the construction and working of a solar cell.
37. Explain I–V characteristics of a solar cell.
38. Explain the construction and working of LED.
39. Differentiate type1 and type 2 superconductors
40. Explain BCS theory
Note: Numericals from all the topics
Question Bank Module 2
2 Marks Questions
41. Define de-Broglie hypothesis.
42. Write the expression for de-Broglie wavelength.
43. State Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle.
44. What is the physical significance of the Uncertainty Principle?
45. Define wave function.
46. List any two properties of a wave function.
47. What is the physical significance of a wave function?
48. Write Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation.
49. What is normalization of wave function?
50. What is ket and Bra notation?
51. Write the matrix form of a general quantum state.
52. Define identity operator.
53. Write the identity matrix for a 2×2 system.
54. What are Pauli matrices?
55. Write any one Pauli matrix.
56. What is conjugate of a matrix?
57. What is transpose of a matrix?
58. Define unitary matrix.
59. What is orthogonality in quantum states?
5/10 Marks Questions
60. Explain de-Broglie hypothesis and derive the expression for matter wavelength. Discuss
its significance.
61. State and explain Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. Discuss its physical significance
with examples.
62. Define wave function. Explain its properties and physical significance in quantum
mechanics.
63. Explain normalization of wave function. Show normalization condition mathematically.
64. Explain ket notation. Write wave function in matrix form and explain its significance.
65. Define identity operator. Show the determination of I|0⟩ and I|1⟩.
66. Write Pauli matrices and explain their operations on |0⟩ and |1⟩ states with examples.
67. Explain conjugate and transpose of matrices with examples. Define unitary matrix and
prove the unitary condition.
68. Explain 2×2 matrices and their multiplication. Discuss inner product and orthogonality
with suitable examples.
69. Let |u₁⟩, |u₂⟩, |u₃⟩ be an orthonormal basis. In this basis, define
|α⟩=i|u₁⟩+2|u₂⟩-(1+i)|u₃⟩
|β⟩=3|u₁⟩-i|u₂⟩+2|u₃⟩
(a) Find ⟨α| and ⟨β|.
(b) Compute ⟨α|β⟩ and verify that ⟨α|β⟩ = ⟨β|α⟩*.
(c) If b = 1 + 2i, compute |bα⟩.
(d) Find |α + β⟩ and |α - β⟩.
70.
(a) Find the bra vector ⟨φ| corresponding to the ket |φ⟩.
(b) Calculate the scalar (inner) product ⟨φ|ψ⟩.
(c) Explain why the products |ψ⟩|φ⟩ and ⟨φ|⟨ψ| are not mathematically meaningful.
Note: Numericals from all the topics