MANAGING AND THE
MANAGER’S JOB
ASSOC. PROF. DR. BAHAR SUVACI
WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION?
• An organization is as a group of people working together in a
structured and coordinated fashion to achieve a set of goals.
• The goals may include profit (Kahve Dünyası Corporation),
• The discovery of knowledge (Boğaziçi University),
• National defense (Turkish Army),
• Coordination of various local charities (Kızılay),
• Social satisfaction (Facebook).
• Because organizations play such major roles in our lives,
understanding how they operate and how they are managed is
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important.
RESOURCES USED BY ORGANIZATIONS
All organizations use four basic kinds of resources from their
environment:
• Human
• Financial
• Physical
• Information
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RESOURCES USED BY ORGANIZATIONS
• Human resources include managerial talent and labor.
• Financial resources are the capital used by the organization to
finance both ongoing and long-term operations.
• Physical resources include raw materials, office and production
facilities, and equipment.
• Information resources are usable data needed to make effective
decisions.
• Managers are responsible for combining and coordinating these various
resources to achieve the organization’s goals.
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EXAMPLES OF RESOURCES USED BY
ORGANIZATIONS
Organization Human Resources Financial Physical Information
Resources Resources Resources
Royal Dutch/ • Drilling platform • Profits • Refineries • Sales forecasts
Shell Group workers • Stockholder • Office • OPEC
• Corporate investments buildings proclamations
Executives
Boğaziçi • Faculty • Alumni • Computers • Research reports
University • Administrative contributions • Campus • Government
staff • Government facilities publications
grants
MİGROS • Grocery clerks • Profits • Building • Price lists from
• Bookkeeper • Owner • Display suppliers
investment shelving • Newspaper ads for
competitors
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RESOURCES USED BY ORGANIZATIONS
• All organizations, regardless of
whether they are large or small,
profit-seeking or nonprofit, domestic
or multinational, use some
combination of these resources to
achieve their goals.
• These resources are generally
obtained from the organization’s
environment. 6
How do these and other managers combine and
coordinate the various kinds of resources?
They do so by carrying out four basic managerial
functions or activities:
planning and decision making,
organizing,
leading, and
controlling. 7
WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
• A set of activities (including planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and
controlling) directed at an organization’s resources (human, financial, physical, and
information), with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and
effective manner.
• Efficency and effectivness are especially important in management defination
because they highlight the basic purpose of management.
Efficent: Using resources wisely and in a cost-effective way.
For example, a firm like Toyota Motor Corporation, which produces high-quality products at relatively low costs,
is efficient.
Effective: Making the right decisions and successfully implementing them.
Toyota also makes cars with the styling and quality to inspire consumer interest and confidence.
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WHO IS MANAGER?
• A manager is someone whose primary responsibility is to
carry out the management process.
• In particular, a manager is someone who plans and
makes decisions, organizes, leads, and controls human,
financial, physical, and information resources.
• Good managers can conduct an organization into
unprecedented areas of success, whereas poor managers
can devastate even the strongest of organizations. 9
MAMAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS
• Basic managerial activities include planning and
decision making, organizing, leading, and
controlling.
• Managers engage in these activities to combine
human, financial, physical, and information
resources efficiently and effectively and to work
toward achieving the goals of the organization. 10
MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS
Planing
Inputs from the and Organizing
environment decision
making Goals attained
• Human resources • Efficiently
• Financial resources • Effectively
• Physical resources
• Information
resources Controlling Leading
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THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Planning and
Organizing
Decision Making
Determining
Setting the
how
organization’s
best to group
goals and
activities and
deciding how best
resources
to achieve them
Controlling Leading
Monitoring and Motivating
correcting members of the
ongoing activities organization to
to facilitate goal work in the best
attainment interests of the
organization
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PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING
(DETERMINING COURSES OF ACTION)
Planning means setting an organization’s goals and
deciding how best to achieve them.
Decision making, a part of the planning process,
involves selecting a course of action from a set of
alternatives.
The organization’s goals and plans clearly help
managers know how to allocate their time and
resources. 13
ORGANIZING
(COORDINATING ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES)
Organizing involves determining how
activities and resources are to be grouped.
Once a manager has set goals and
developed a workable plan, the next
management function is to organize
people and the other resources necessary
to carry out the plan. 14
LEADING
(MOTIVATING AND MANAGING PEOPLE)
“We have good people. They just need a leader who can guide and inspire them.”
Leading is the set of processes used to get
members of the organization to work
together to further the interests of the
organization.
Ataturk is the most
important and best leader
the Turkish nation has ever
seen.
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CONTROLLING
(MONITORING AND EVALUATING ACTIVITIES)
The final phase of the management process
is controlling, or monitoring the
organization’s progress toward its goals.
As the organization moves toward its goals,
managers must monitor progress to ensure
that it is performing in such a way as to
arrive at its “destination” at the appointed
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time.
KINDS OF MANAGERS
We can classify managers according to their
level in the organization and the area in
which they work.
The most common view considers three
basic levels:
• Top level of management
• Middle level of management
• First line management 17
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
Top Managers
Levels of Mangement
Middle Managers
First-Line Managers
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Areas of Mangement
TOP MANAGERS
• Top managers make up the relatively small group
of executives who manage the overall
organization.
• Titlesfound in this group include president, vice
president, and chief executive officer (CEO). Top
managers create the organization’s goals, overall
strategy, and operating policies. Head of Honor
• Theyalso officially represent the organization to
the external environment by meeting with
government officials, executives of other 19
organizations, and so forth.
TOP MANAGERS
• The job of a top manager is likely to be complex and
varied.
• Top managers make decisions about such activities
as acquiring other companies, investing in research
and development, entering or abandoning various
markets, and building new plants and office
facilities.
Chairman of The Board
• They often work long hours and spend much of
their time in meetings or on the telephone.
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• In most cases, top managers are also very well paid.
MIDDLE MANAGERS
• Middle management is probably the largest
group of managers in most organizations.
• In recent years, many organizations have
thinned the ranks of middle managers to lower
costs and eliminate excess bureaucracy.
• Common middle-management titles include
plant manager, operations manager, and division
head.
• Middle managers are necessary to bridge the
upper and lower levels of the organization and to
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implement the strategies developed at the top.
MIDDLE MANAGERS
• Middlemanagers are responsible primarily for
implementing the policies and plans developed
by top managers and for supervising and
coordinating the activities of lower-level
managers.
• Ford
Corey Williams
plant managers, also middle managers, Plant Manager at
Ford Motor Company
must meet various production quotas and goals
and handle inventory management, quality
control, equipment failures, and union problems.
They also coordinate the work of supervisors 22
within the plant.
FIRST-LINE MANAGERS
• First-linemanagers supervise and
coordinate the activities of operating
employees.
• Common titles for first-line managers are
supervisor, coordinator, and Office
manager.
• Positions like these are often the first held
by employees who enter management
from the ranks of operating personnel. 23
FIRST-LINE MANAGERS
• In contrast to top and middle managers, first-
line managers typically spend a large
proportion of their time supervising the work
of subordinates.
• For example a Starbucks coffee shop manager
is a first line manager and he or she oversees
the day-to-day operations of their respective
stores, hire operating employees to staff them,
and handle other routine administrative duties. 24