Human Body systems
v The human body is a biological machine made of body systems; groups of organs
that work together to produce and sustain life.
v This topic page will provide you with a quick introduction to the systems of the
human body.
v The action potential signal travels through motor neurons to reach the
neuromuscular junction, the site of contact between the motor nerve and the
muscle.
Human body systems
v 1. Skeletal system v 6. Nervous system
v 2. Muscular system v 7. Endocrine system
v 3. Respiratory system v 8. Reproductive system
v 4. Cardiovascular system v 9. Urinary system
(Circulatory system) v 10. The lymphatic system
v 5. Digestive system (Humeral system)
Human Musculoskeletal System
Human Musculoskeletal System
v The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the human
locomotor system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to
move using their muscular and skeletal systems.
vIt is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons,
ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds
tissues and organs together.
vThe musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the
body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs.
vThe skeletal portion of the system serves as the main storage system for
calcium and phosphorus and contains critical components of the
hematopoietic system.
v This system describes how bones are connected to other bones and muscle fibers via
connective tissue such as tendons and ligaments.
v The bones provide stability to the body.
v Muscles keep bones in place and also play a role in the movement of bones. To allow
motion, different bones are connected by joints.
v Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly onto each other.
v Muscles contract to move the bone attached at the joint.
v Complex issues and injuries involving the musculoskeletal system are usually handled
by a physiatrist (specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation) or an orthopaedic
surgeon.
Figure : Joints, tendons, and ligaments: To allow motion, different bones are
connected by joints. Within these joints, bones are connected to other bones and
muscle fibers via connective tissue such as tendons and ligaments.
Key Points
v The skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective
tissues are all part of the musculoskeletal system, which work together to provide the
body with support, protection, and movement.
v The bones of the skeletal system protect the body’s internal organs, support the
weight of the body, and serve as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus.
v The muscles of the muscular system keep bones in place; they assist with movement
by contracting and pulling on the bones.
v To allow motion, different bones are connected by joints which are connected to
other bones and muscle fibers via connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments.
v Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on each other.
v Malnutrition and arthritis are examples of disorders and diseases in the body that can
severely impair the function of the musculoskeletal system.
v The musculoskeletal system (locomotor system) is a human body system that
provides our body with movement, stability, shape, and support.
v It is subdivided into two broad systems:
v Muscular system, which includes all types of muscles in the body. Skeletal muscles, in
particular, are the ones that act on the body joints to produce movements.
v Besides muscles, the muscular system contains the tendons which attach the muscles
to the bones.
v Skeletal system, whose main component is the bone. Bones articulate with each other
and form the joints, providing our bodies with a hard-core, yet mobile, skeleton.
v The integrity and function of the bones and joints is supported by the accessory
structures of the skeletal system; articular cartilage, ligaments, and bursae.
Functions:
v Muscles: Movement production, joint stabilization,
maintaining posture, body heat production.
v Bones: M echanical basis for movements, prov iding
framework for the body, vital organs protection, blood cells
production, storage of minerals
v Besides its main function to provide the body with stability
and mobility.
v It has also many other functions; the skeletal part plays an
important role in other homeostatic functions such as storage
of minerals (e.g., calcium) and hematopoiesis.
v While the muscular system stores the majority of the body's
carbohydrates in the form of glycogen.
v The muscular system is an organ system composed of specialized contractile tissue
called the muscle tissue.
v There are three types of muscle tissue, based on which all the muscles are classified
into three groups:
v Cardiac muscle, which forms the muscular layer of the heart (myocardium)
v Smooth muscle, which comprises the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs
v Skeletal muscle, which attaches to the bones and provides voluntary movement.