SCIE & TECH
Health and hygiene practices
(ANSWERS)
Introduction
In this topic, you will uncover how your body works and how to keep it strong and
healthy. You will learn how to breathe better, eat healthier and stay safe from germs.
Discover why loud sounds can hurt your ears and how to protect yourself from noise
pollution. You will also explore chronic diseases and how to prevent them and learn
to understand feelings and build kind, caring relationships. Lastly, you will learn about
epidemic diseases and find out how they spread and what you can do to stay safe.
Unit 1: Respiratory system
Objectives
By the end of this unit, you should be able to:
1. identify parts of the respiratory system
2. explain functions of parts of the respiratory system
3. identify respiratory diseases
4. explain the effects of air pollution to the respiratory system.
Flashback
Think back to what you have learned about the organs inside your body. Can you
point to where your lungs are? What job do they do to help your body stay alive
and healthy?
Key words
respiration
gaseous exchange oxygen
carbon Dioxide alveoli
The respiratory system
The human respiratory system helps the body take in oxygen and get rid of carbon
dioxide. Oxygen is important because the body's cells need it to produce energy.
Carbon dioxide is a waste gas that must be removed to keep the body working properly.
Air enters through the nose or mouth, moves down the trachea and passes into the
bronchi, which lead to the lungs. Inside the lungs, air travels through smaler tubes to tiny
air sacs caled alveoli, where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.
This process is called gaseous exchange.
Part of respiratory system
Nose
Function
Air enters through the nose into the nasal cavity where it is
warmed, moistened and filtered. Dust particles are trapped
by the nasal hairs called cilia
2. Trachea/ Windpipe
Function
A tube-like organ that caries the warmed air from the
nose to the bronchi.
3. Lungs
Function
Inside the lungs, oxygen moves from tiny air sacs called alveoli
into the bloodstream. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a
waste gas from the body, moves from the blood into the
alveoli which is later released when a person breathes out.
This process is called gaseous exchange.
4. Diaphragm
Function
Inhaling (breathing in) :
The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, making
more space in the chest. This causes the lungs to expand and
fill with air.
Exhaling (breathing out):
The digphragm relaxes and moves upward into its dome
shape. This pushes air out of the lungs.
Exercise 1
Multiple choice questions
Choose the correct answer
1. The process of taking in air through the nose into the lungs is called
A. breathing out
B. expiration
C. breathing in
D. circulation of air
2. What is the muscle that helps you breathe?
A. Heart
B. Diaphragm
C. Rib Cage
D. Spine
3. Which organ takes in air?
A. Heart
B. Trachea
C. Lungs
D. Nose
4. Which gas do we breathe out?
A. Oxygen
B. Hydrogen
C. Nitrogen
D. Carbon Dioxide
5. What is the main function of the alveoli in the lungs?
A. To pump air into the lungs.
B. To produce oxygen.
C. To allow exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
D. To protect the lungs from dust.
Structured questions
Answer all questions in full.
6. State the purpose of the following parts of the respiratory system:
a) Nose
(The nose allows air to enter the body.
It filters dust and germs, warms, and moistens the air before it reaches the lungs.)
b) Diaphragm
(The diaphragm helps a person to breathe in and out by changing the size of the chest cavity.)
7. Name the important gas found in the air that is needed by the human body.
(Oxygen)
8. How does the diaphragm help in breathing?
(When breathing in, the diaphragm moves down, allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air.
When breathing out, it moves up, pushing air out of the lungs.)
9. The gas that is found in used air that is removed from the lungs when breathing out is called
(Carbon dioxide)
10. Explain the function of the nose in the respiratory system.
(The nose helps in breathing by letting air into the body.)
(It cleans the air by trapping dust and germs, and warms and moistens the air before it enters the
lungs.)