Summarized Python Notes
These notes provide a concise summary of fundamental Python programming concepts.
1. Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level, interpreted, and object-oriented programming language.
Simple syntax and easy to learn.
Used in web development, AI, data science, automation, and software development.
2. Variables and Data Types
Variables store data values.
Common data types: int, float, str, bool.
Use type() to check data type.
3. Operators
Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %, //, **
Comparison: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
Logical: and, or, not
Assignment: =, +=, -=, etc.
4. Conditional Statements
if, elif, else used for decision making.
Indentation defines code blocks.
5. Loops
for loop iterates over sequences.
while loop runs until condition becomes false.
break and continue control loop flow.
6. Functions
Defined using def keyword.
Can accept parameters and return values.
Promotes modular and reusable code.
7. Data Structures
List: Ordered and mutable.
Tuple: Ordered and immutable.
Set: Unordered and unique elements.
Dictionary: Key-value pairs.
8. Strings
Immutable sequence of characters.
Supports slicing and methods like upper(), lower(), replace().
9. File Handling
open(), read(), write(), close() functions.
File modes: r, w, a.
10. Exception Handling
Handles runtime errors using try and except.
finally block executes regardless of exception.
11. Object-Oriented Programming
Class and Object concepts.
Constructor defined using __init__.
Supports inheritance and polymorphism.